Pub Date : 2020-06-09DOI: 10.2179/0008-7475.85.1.122
J. Lebkuecher, James M. Mauney
ABSTRACT Periphyton and water were sampled 1 km upstream of the Cookeville Wastewater Treatment Plant (PRupstream), 2 km downstream of the discharge (PRdownstream), and from a tributary (PO) 10 km south of the wastewater treatment plant. Percent composition of 113 algal taxa were documented. Assemblages of soft-bodied algae and diatoms at the PRdownstream site had more eutrophic taxa than assemblages at the other sites. Water at the PRdownstream site had >7-fold higher concentration of total phosphorus (193 µg·L-1), yet <1.5-fold higher concentration of total nitrogen (1900 µg·L-1) than water at the other sites. The total nitrogen to total phosphorous ratio (TN:TP ratio) at the PRdownstream site (9.8) was below the value hypothesized for N-limitation of algae growth (10), whereas the ratios at the PRupstream site (65.9) and PO site (62.4) were above. Phosphorus and nitrogen additions to in vitro growth assays using Raphidocelis subcapitata indicate in vitro carrying capacity for Raphidocelis subcapitata was P limited in water from the PRupstream and PO sites. In vitro carrying capacity for Raphidocelis subcapitata was significantly greater and N-limited in water from the PRdownstream site. The results indicate that reduction of the TN:TP ratio of Pigeon Roost Creek changed the nutrient that limits in vitro carrying capacity for R. subcapitata from P to N, and imply that standard growth assays using Raphidocelis subcapitata to evaluate carrying capacity of P-enriched stream water may not indicate the extent of the impact of the P-enrichment to a watershed due to N-limitation of carrying capacity in vitro.
{"title":"Comparison of Algal Assemblages in Response to Eutrophication of a Stream by a Wastewater Treatment Plant","authors":"J. Lebkuecher, James M. Mauney","doi":"10.2179/0008-7475.85.1.122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2179/0008-7475.85.1.122","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Periphyton and water were sampled 1 km upstream of the Cookeville Wastewater Treatment Plant (PRupstream), 2 km downstream of the discharge (PRdownstream), and from a tributary (PO) 10 km south of the wastewater treatment plant. Percent composition of 113 algal taxa were documented. Assemblages of soft-bodied algae and diatoms at the PRdownstream site had more eutrophic taxa than assemblages at the other sites. Water at the PRdownstream site had >7-fold higher concentration of total phosphorus (193 µg·L-1), yet <1.5-fold higher concentration of total nitrogen (1900 µg·L-1) than water at the other sites. The total nitrogen to total phosphorous ratio (TN:TP ratio) at the PRdownstream site (9.8) was below the value hypothesized for N-limitation of algae growth (10), whereas the ratios at the PRupstream site (65.9) and PO site (62.4) were above. Phosphorus and nitrogen additions to in vitro growth assays using Raphidocelis subcapitata indicate in vitro carrying capacity for Raphidocelis subcapitata was P limited in water from the PRupstream and PO sites. In vitro carrying capacity for Raphidocelis subcapitata was significantly greater and N-limited in water from the PRdownstream site. The results indicate that reduction of the TN:TP ratio of Pigeon Roost Creek changed the nutrient that limits in vitro carrying capacity for R. subcapitata from P to N, and imply that standard growth assays using Raphidocelis subcapitata to evaluate carrying capacity of P-enriched stream water may not indicate the extent of the impact of the P-enrichment to a watershed due to N-limitation of carrying capacity in vitro.","PeriodicalId":50984,"journal":{"name":"Castanea","volume":"85 1","pages":"122 - 138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45810406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-09DOI: 10.2179/0008-7475.85.1.93
L. Wallace, Mahboubeh Hosseinalizadeh-Nobarinezhad, Robert Coltharp
ABSTRACT Intraspecific phenotypic variation occurs for many different reasons and understanding its basis has applications in taxonomy, ecology, and evolution. Chamaecrista fasciculata (partridge pea) is a widely distributed species with much phenotypic variation and varied interactions with other species in communities where it grows. Botanists have often noted that phenotypic variation in some traits of this species increases from north to south in the eastern United States. In this study, we grew seeds collected from five Mississippi populations in a common greenhouse environment to determine if the observed variation in leaf and stem traits is maintained in this environment. Interpopulation variation in the greenhouse-grown plants was not as extensive as that observed under natural conditions, but significant differences were detected in the number of stems and leaves and shoot height. The number of flowers and final shoot weight of plants did not differ, suggesting that there may be multiple growth strategies for this species to achieve equal fitness. Variation was detected in stem and leaflet trichome density. The population collected at the lowest latitude showed the most distinct morphology, producing shorter plants with many branched stems, more leaves, and a higher degree of leaflet pubescence. Trait variation that has so often been observed in natural populations of this species is maintained in a common environment, suggesting a genetic basis for the observed variation. Phenotypic variation observed in this species may reflect both responses to varied selective pressures from interacting species and adaptation to differing climatic factors.
{"title":"Phenotypic Variation of Partridge Pea (Chamaecrista fasciculata) from Mississippi Persists in a Common Garden","authors":"L. Wallace, Mahboubeh Hosseinalizadeh-Nobarinezhad, Robert Coltharp","doi":"10.2179/0008-7475.85.1.93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2179/0008-7475.85.1.93","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Intraspecific phenotypic variation occurs for many different reasons and understanding its basis has applications in taxonomy, ecology, and evolution. Chamaecrista fasciculata (partridge pea) is a widely distributed species with much phenotypic variation and varied interactions with other species in communities where it grows. Botanists have often noted that phenotypic variation in some traits of this species increases from north to south in the eastern United States. In this study, we grew seeds collected from five Mississippi populations in a common greenhouse environment to determine if the observed variation in leaf and stem traits is maintained in this environment. Interpopulation variation in the greenhouse-grown plants was not as extensive as that observed under natural conditions, but significant differences were detected in the number of stems and leaves and shoot height. The number of flowers and final shoot weight of plants did not differ, suggesting that there may be multiple growth strategies for this species to achieve equal fitness. Variation was detected in stem and leaflet trichome density. The population collected at the lowest latitude showed the most distinct morphology, producing shorter plants with many branched stems, more leaves, and a higher degree of leaflet pubescence. Trait variation that has so often been observed in natural populations of this species is maintained in a common environment, suggesting a genetic basis for the observed variation. Phenotypic variation observed in this species may reflect both responses to varied selective pressures from interacting species and adaptation to differing climatic factors.","PeriodicalId":50984,"journal":{"name":"Castanea","volume":"85 1","pages":"107 - 93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47027186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-09DOI: 10.2179/0008-7475.85.1.108
J. Rentsch, R. C. Holland
ABSTRACT We assessed population genetic structure and rate of hybridization in Sarracenia flava and S. minor in Francis Marion National Forest. The forest has an abundance of potential habitat for our study species and has suffered less human mediated disturbance than much of the county's longleaf pine savanna and wet pine savanna ecosystems. We examined 63 S. flava and 62 S. minor individuals, as well as one hybrid across a 486.02 km2 study site. We used eight nuclear microsatellite loci and one non-coding chloroplast marker to assess population genetic structure and describe the parentage of the hybrid. We found relatively little population genetic structure across many distinct field sites, even when those sites were separated by unsuitable habitat. In very small populations surviving in shrub-dominated longleaf pine savanna, genetic divergence was greater than in larger populations with more suitable habitat. The single hybrid discovered was an F1 hybrid for which S. flava served as the maternal parent. We found no signs of introgression. We hope that these data can help inform conservation decisions regarding Sarracenia species, as the low genetic structure seems to suggest a high degree of connectivity between geographically distinct populations of plants.
{"title":"Population Genetic Structure and Natural Establishment of Hybrids Between Sarracenia flava and Sarracenia minor in Francis Marion National Forest","authors":"J. Rentsch, R. C. Holland","doi":"10.2179/0008-7475.85.1.108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2179/0008-7475.85.1.108","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We assessed population genetic structure and rate of hybridization in Sarracenia flava and S. minor in Francis Marion National Forest. The forest has an abundance of potential habitat for our study species and has suffered less human mediated disturbance than much of the county's longleaf pine savanna and wet pine savanna ecosystems. We examined 63 S. flava and 62 S. minor individuals, as well as one hybrid across a 486.02 km2 study site. We used eight nuclear microsatellite loci and one non-coding chloroplast marker to assess population genetic structure and describe the parentage of the hybrid. We found relatively little population genetic structure across many distinct field sites, even when those sites were separated by unsuitable habitat. In very small populations surviving in shrub-dominated longleaf pine savanna, genetic divergence was greater than in larger populations with more suitable habitat. The single hybrid discovered was an F1 hybrid for which S. flava served as the maternal parent. We found no signs of introgression. We hope that these data can help inform conservation decisions regarding Sarracenia species, as the low genetic structure seems to suggest a high degree of connectivity between geographically distinct populations of plants.","PeriodicalId":50984,"journal":{"name":"Castanea","volume":"85 1","pages":"108 - 121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44913311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-09DOI: 10.2179/0008-7475.85.1.224
{"title":"2020 Richard and Minnie Windler Award Recipients","authors":"","doi":"10.2179/0008-7475.85.1.224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2179/0008-7475.85.1.224","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50984,"journal":{"name":"Castanea","volume":"85 1","pages":"224 - 225"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43221314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-09DOI: 10.2179/0008-7475.85.1.1
Courtney Alley, Erica Rylander, Jacob Dawson, M. Feely, Dakila A Ledesma, Nate Parrish, Caleb Powell, J. Shelton, W. Barger, P. Davison, J. Shaw
ABSTRACT Saxifraga tridactylites (Saxifragaceae), an annual herb native to northwest Africa, southwestern Asia, Europe, northeastern Iran, and western Russia, has rapidly naturalized in two geographically distinct areas of the United States: the Southeast and the Northwest. In the Southeast, the spread has been exceedingly fast and poses a potential threat to xeric limestone habitats of the Interior Low Plateau and Ridge and Valley physiographic provinces. Prior to our work, S. tridactylites appeared to be an insignificant introduction, only documented in a few North American locations in British Columbia and Oregon. Here, we show that the North American distribution is much greater than previously reported, with records from four counties in the Northwest and 53 counties in the Southeast: northern Alabama (14 counties), northwest Georgia (two counties) northern Mississippi (five counties), and southern Tennessee (32 counties). To our knowledge, it has not yet dispersed into Arkansas, Kentucky, or North Carolina.
{"title":"Saxifraga tridactylites (Saxifragaceae) Naturalized in the Southeastern and Northwestern United States","authors":"Courtney Alley, Erica Rylander, Jacob Dawson, M. Feely, Dakila A Ledesma, Nate Parrish, Caleb Powell, J. Shelton, W. Barger, P. Davison, J. Shaw","doi":"10.2179/0008-7475.85.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2179/0008-7475.85.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Saxifraga tridactylites (Saxifragaceae), an annual herb native to northwest Africa, southwestern Asia, Europe, northeastern Iran, and western Russia, has rapidly naturalized in two geographically distinct areas of the United States: the Southeast and the Northwest. In the Southeast, the spread has been exceedingly fast and poses a potential threat to xeric limestone habitats of the Interior Low Plateau and Ridge and Valley physiographic provinces. Prior to our work, S. tridactylites appeared to be an insignificant introduction, only documented in a few North American locations in British Columbia and Oregon. Here, we show that the North American distribution is much greater than previously reported, with records from four counties in the Northwest and 53 counties in the Southeast: northern Alabama (14 counties), northwest Georgia (two counties) northern Mississippi (five counties), and southern Tennessee (32 counties). To our knowledge, it has not yet dispersed into Arkansas, Kentucky, or North Carolina.","PeriodicalId":50984,"journal":{"name":"Castanea","volume":"85 1","pages":"1 - 13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46433096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-09DOI: 10.2179/0008-7475.85.1.155
S. Koptur
ABSTRACT Guettarda scabra leaves are consumed by a variety of moth caterpillars, some with adults that visit the flowers and may serve as pollinators. Flower-opening is hastened by eager flower-flies, and during the night the flowers are visited by hawk moths (Sphingidae); in the morning they are visited by butterflies.
{"title":"Scientific Note: Insects associated with Guettarda scabra in Everglades National Park, Florida","authors":"S. Koptur","doi":"10.2179/0008-7475.85.1.155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2179/0008-7475.85.1.155","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Guettarda scabra leaves are consumed by a variety of moth caterpillars, some with adults that visit the flowers and may serve as pollinators. Flower-opening is hastened by eager flower-flies, and during the night the flowers are visited by hawk moths (Sphingidae); in the morning they are visited by butterflies.","PeriodicalId":50984,"journal":{"name":"Castanea","volume":"85 1","pages":"155 - 158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44216045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-09DOI: 10.2179/0008-7475.85.1.205
J. P. Moss, Natalie J. Bailey, M. Cipollini
ABSTRACT The Southern Ridge and Valley Calcareous Flatwoods community is represented by a diverse and unique plant association. Atypical edaphic processes may explain the presence of disjunct or nearly endemic species, including several federal/state endangered and rare species. To evaluate this community, we surveyed a 238-ha plot at Berry College (Floyd County, GA) within a known calcareous flatwoods habitat. Contiguous 30 m wide transects were surveyed for 12 focal species in 2018. Canopy photos and soil samples were taken at sites where focal plants were found, as well as at 30 random sites within the plot. Soils were analyzed for pH, lime buffer capacity (LBC), Ca, Mg, P, K, Mn, and Zn. Canopy photos were analyzed for variables related to canopy openness. Of focal species, only Asclepias hirtella (N=52) and Marshallia mohrii (N=12) were found during the survey. Contrary to expectations, this habitat was not uniformly high in Ca (mean 603 ppm) or pH (mean 4.8). Sites where focal species were found differed from random sites in LBC (lower for both species), variables related to canopy openness (higher for A. hirtella), Mg (higher for both species), and K (lower for A. hirtella). A principal components analysis supported these results; A. hirtella was associated with higher canopy openness and Mg, and lower LBC and K. We also report analogous results for nearby sites harboring target species, and demonstrate a probable effect of land cover on soil pH. Our results should inform decisions concerning management of calcareous flatwoods habitats and their characteristic species.
南岭谷钙质Flatwoods群落是一个多样化和独特的植物群落。非典型的土壤过程可能解释了不分离或几乎特有的物种的存在，包括一些联邦/州濒危和稀有物种。为了评估这个社区，我们在Berry学院(Floyd County, GA)一个已知的钙质平原林栖息地调查了一个238公顷的地块。2018年对12种焦点物种进行了30 m宽的连续样带调查。在发现焦点植物的地点以及样地内30个随机地点拍摄了冠层照片和土壤样本。分析了土壤的pH、石灰缓冲容量(LBC)、Ca、Mg、P、K、Mn和Zn。分析了冠层照片中与冠层开度相关的变量。在焦点种中，只发现了52种Asclepias hirtella (N=52)和12种Marshallia mohrii。与预期相反，该生境的Ca(平均603ppm)或pH(平均4.8 ppm)并不都很高。发现焦点物种的地点在LBC(两种都较低)、与冠层开度相关的变量(hirtella较高)、Mg(两种都较高)和K (hirtella较低)方面与随机地点不同。主成分分析支持了这些结果;hirtella具有较高的冠层开度和Mg，以及较低的LBC和k。我们还报告了在目标物种附近的地点的类似结果，并证明了土地覆盖对土壤ph的可能影响。我们的研究结果应该为钙质平原林栖息地及其特征物种的管理决策提供信息。
{"title":"Survey of Rare Plants Within a Calcareous Flatwoods Community and Analysis of Plant-Environmental Relationships","authors":"J. P. Moss, Natalie J. Bailey, M. Cipollini","doi":"10.2179/0008-7475.85.1.205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2179/0008-7475.85.1.205","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Southern Ridge and Valley Calcareous Flatwoods community is represented by a diverse and unique plant association. Atypical edaphic processes may explain the presence of disjunct or nearly endemic species, including several federal/state endangered and rare species. To evaluate this community, we surveyed a 238-ha plot at Berry College (Floyd County, GA) within a known calcareous flatwoods habitat. Contiguous 30 m wide transects were surveyed for 12 focal species in 2018. Canopy photos and soil samples were taken at sites where focal plants were found, as well as at 30 random sites within the plot. Soils were analyzed for pH, lime buffer capacity (LBC), Ca, Mg, P, K, Mn, and Zn. Canopy photos were analyzed for variables related to canopy openness. Of focal species, only Asclepias hirtella (N=52) and Marshallia mohrii (N=12) were found during the survey. Contrary to expectations, this habitat was not uniformly high in Ca (mean 603 ppm) or pH (mean 4.8). Sites where focal species were found differed from random sites in LBC (lower for both species), variables related to canopy openness (higher for A. hirtella), Mg (higher for both species), and K (lower for A. hirtella). A principal components analysis supported these results; A. hirtella was associated with higher canopy openness and Mg, and lower LBC and K. We also report analogous results for nearby sites harboring target species, and demonstrate a probable effect of land cover on soil pH. Our results should inform decisions concerning management of calcareous flatwoods habitats and their characteristic species.","PeriodicalId":50984,"journal":{"name":"Castanea","volume":"85 1","pages":"205 - 222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46240659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-09DOI: 10.2179/0008-7475.85.1.139
Alvin R. Diamond
ABSTRACT Three species of vascular plants and one hybrid are reported here as new to Alabama: (Lycopodium clavatum, Pterocaulon virgatum, Chrysopsis lanuginosa, and Asimina ×piedmontana). The Pterocaulon virgatum records represent the first collections of this species from east of the Mississippi River. The Chrysopsis lanuginosa record is the first for that species outside of Florida. Based on habitat, population size, and/or previous collections, all of these species are considered to be native to the flora of Alabama.
{"title":"Vascular Plant Species New to the Flora of Alabama","authors":"Alvin R. Diamond","doi":"10.2179/0008-7475.85.1.139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2179/0008-7475.85.1.139","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Three species of vascular plants and one hybrid are reported here as new to Alabama: (Lycopodium clavatum, Pterocaulon virgatum, Chrysopsis lanuginosa, and Asimina ×piedmontana). The Pterocaulon virgatum records represent the first collections of this species from east of the Mississippi River. The Chrysopsis lanuginosa record is the first for that species outside of Florida. Based on habitat, population size, and/or previous collections, all of these species are considered to be native to the flora of Alabama.","PeriodicalId":50984,"journal":{"name":"Castanea","volume":"85 1","pages":"139 - 145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47165249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-09DOI: 10.2179/0008-7475.85.1.23
L. S. Barden, J. Costa
ABSTRACT Table Mountain pine (Pinus pungens) is an Appalachian endemic that requires canopy-opening disturbance such as fire or logging for successful regeneration. The infrequency and typically moderate intensity of Appalachian lightning-ignited fires combined with Table Mountain pine's requirement for canopy disturbance for successful recruitment posed an ecological question: How did Table Mountain pine (TMP) persist in North America for almost 1.5 million years without anthropogenic fires? An early monograph on TMP suggested that the species might have persisted without fire on extremely xeric and sterile rock outcrops. Motivated by this suggestion, in 1976 the first author located a small TMP population on a xeric rock outcrop in western North Carolina where no fires had occurred since 1889. Three longitudinal censuses in 1976, 1986, and 1996 showed that the population had perpetuated itself without fire for more than 100 years. The current study extends this record of self-maintenance an additional 20 years and compares decadal variations in age structure with 120 years of drought records from western North Carolina. An unexpected observation of this 40-year study was a slow invasion of the TMP study site by ericaceous shrubs, a terminal transition that was predicted in a 2010 model of oak-pine-heath succession without fire.
{"title":"Four Decades of Table Mountain Pine Demography on Looking Glass Rock (Transylvania Co., North Carolina, USA)","authors":"L. S. Barden, J. Costa","doi":"10.2179/0008-7475.85.1.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2179/0008-7475.85.1.23","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Table Mountain pine (Pinus pungens) is an Appalachian endemic that requires canopy-opening disturbance such as fire or logging for successful regeneration. The infrequency and typically moderate intensity of Appalachian lightning-ignited fires combined with Table Mountain pine's requirement for canopy disturbance for successful recruitment posed an ecological question: How did Table Mountain pine (TMP) persist in North America for almost 1.5 million years without anthropogenic fires? An early monograph on TMP suggested that the species might have persisted without fire on extremely xeric and sterile rock outcrops. Motivated by this suggestion, in 1976 the first author located a small TMP population on a xeric rock outcrop in western North Carolina where no fires had occurred since 1889. Three longitudinal censuses in 1976, 1986, and 1996 showed that the population had perpetuated itself without fire for more than 100 years. The current study extends this record of self-maintenance an additional 20 years and compares decadal variations in age structure with 120 years of drought records from western North Carolina. An unexpected observation of this 40-year study was a slow invasion of the TMP study site by ericaceous shrubs, a terminal transition that was predicted in a 2010 model of oak-pine-heath succession without fire.","PeriodicalId":50984,"journal":{"name":"Castanea","volume":"85 1","pages":"23 - 32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47301734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：