Current Problems in Cardiology最新文献

{"title":"Progress on application of exosomes on cardiovascular disease: A ten-year retrospective analysis","authors":"Zichun Tang MD ,&nbsp;Shuang Feng MD ,&nbsp;Zongwei Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2025.103211","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2025.103211","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Exosomes, nanoscale extracellular vesicles (30–150 nm) carrying bioactive molecules (e.g., miRNAs, proteins), have emerged as pivotal mediators in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), offering potential as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic vectors. Despite growing interest, a comprehensive analysis of global research trends, hotspots, and translational gaps in exosome applications for CVDs remains limited.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a ten-year (2016–2025) bibliometric analysis of 2617 publications from the Web of Science Core Collection, employing integrative tools (LDGAS and KMVS) to map research distribution, collaborations, and citation trends. Data was analyzed for contributions by country, institution, journal, and author, with a focus on mechanistic insights, clinical applications, and technological innovations.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Global publications surged post-2016, with China leading in output (50 % of top institutions) and the USA/Europe dominating citation impact (e.g., Harvard Medical School: 7.83 citations/paper). Three key themes emerged: exosomal regulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and angiogenesis; engineered exosomes (e.g., inflammation-targeting macrophage exosomes and stem cell-derived exosomes; circulating miRNAs (e.g., miR-21-5p in heart failure). Challenges include heterogeneous exosome isolation methods (&lt;5 % studies reach preclinical trials) and imbalanced collaborations (China-USA partnerships dominated, 83 %).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Exosome research in CVDs demonstrates transformative potential but requires standardized protocols, diversified clinical trials, and strengthened global partnerships. Prioritizing AI-driven biomarker discovery and interdisciplinary synergy will accelerate clinical translation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51006,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cardiology","volume":"51 3","pages":"Article 103211"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145645756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Information for Readers","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0146-2806(25)00243-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0146-2806(25)00243-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51006,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cardiology","volume":"51 1","pages":"Article 103224"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145693810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms and targets of vascular natural aging from a systems biology perspective","authors":"Xinyu Ma ,&nbsp;Shenghua Zhou ,&nbsp;Qingyi Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2025.103233","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2025.103233","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Vascular aging is a fundamental biological process underlying many age-related cardiovascular diseases. Although traditional risk factors have been widely studied, vascular dysfunction progresses with aging even in individuals without classic risk factors. Current studies often focus on individual organs or single-cell types and pathways, resulting in limited understanding of the multidimensional mechanisms of vascular aging.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We systematically retrieved “vascular aging” transcriptomic datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Five datasets meeting strict inclusion criteria for physiological vascular aging were selected. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between young and aged groups were identified using linear modeling and batch correction. Functional enrichment analyses, including GO, KEGG, and GSEA, were performed to elucidate biological processes and signaling pathways. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed, hub genes identified using CytoHubba, and regulatory networks (miRNA, lncRNA, transcription factors) were analyzed. Potential drug–gene interactions were evaluated through enrichment and molecular docking.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 21 aging-related DEGs were identified, mainly enriched in biological processes related to immune regulation and cell cycle activity. Four hub genes—<strong>PPARG, IRF7, VCAN</strong>, and <strong>SDC1</strong>—were identified as central regulators. GSEA revealed activation of interferon signaling, inflammatory response, p53, and KRAS pathways in aged vasculature, while young vasculature was enriched in E2F, MYC, and oxidative phosphorylation pathways. Drug enrichment analysis indicated that <strong>Hepar</strong>an <strong>sulfate</strong> exhibited strong binding potential to VCAN and may represent a promising anti-aging candidate.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This systems biology study reveals key molecular mechanisms and targets in natural vascular aging. VCAN and associated inflammatory and metabolic pathways may play pivotal roles in age-associated vascular dysfunction, providing a foundation for targeted anti-aging interventions and personalized medicine strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51006,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cardiology","volume":"51 3","pages":"Article 103233"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145642329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of concurrent training on atrial fibrillation burden, fitness and physical activity after pulmonary vein isolation: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial","authors":"Marcos Echevarría-Polo MSc ,&nbsp;Adrián Hernández-Vicente PhD ,&nbsp;Pablo Vadillo-Martín MD,MSc ,&nbsp;Fabian Sanchis-Gomar MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Jorge Melero-Polo MD ,&nbsp;Mercedes Cabrera-Ramos MD ,&nbsp;Isabel Montilla-Padilla MD ,&nbsp;Andrea Rucco MSc ,&nbsp;Juan Pablo Martínez PhD ,&nbsp;Pablo Laguna PhD ,&nbsp;Esther Pueyo PhD ,&nbsp;Javier Ramos-Maqueda MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Nuria Garatachea PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2025.103218","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2025.103218","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is an effective treatment for atrial fibrillation (AF), but many patients remain inactive after the procedure for fear of AF recurrence. Evidence supports moderate exercise to improve outcomes of this procedure; however, there are no clear guidelines for returning to physical exercise after PVI. We aim to evaluate the effects of a combined endurance and resistance training (CT) intervention on cardiac function, physical fitness, activity levels, body composition, quality of life, and AF burden after PVI.</div></div><div><h3>Methods and results</h3><div>We will conduct a randomized controlled trial with 68 participants, approximately 15 months after PVI, randomized 1:1 to a CT or control group. The CT program consists of supervised training sessions combining moderate-intensity endurance and resistance work three times a week for 12 weeks. Outcomes will be assessed at three time points: at baseline, after the intervention, and after 12 weeks of follow-up, including echocardiographic and electrocardiographic parameters, fitness tests, physical activity monitoring, body composition, health-related quality of life, and AF burden monitored by an implantable cardiac Holter. We expect that CT intervention will improve cardiac function, increase physical fitness and activity levels, optimize body composition, and improve quality of life without recurrence of AF.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This protocol is the first to examine the effects of return to exercise training in AF patients after PVI using objective monitoring tools. The simplicity and scalability of the intervention support its safe integration into clinical practice to promote physical activity and improve patient outcomes after PVI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51006,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cardiology","volume":"51 3","pages":"Article 103218"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145642326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychological health in a modified life’s Crucial 9 score: Association with all-cause mortality and comparison with LE8","authors":"Felipe Diaz-Toro PhD ,&nbsp;Víctor Pedrero PhD ,&nbsp;Gabriela Nazar PhD ,&nbsp;Daniel Reyes-Molina PhD ,&nbsp;Yeny Concha-Cisternas PhD ,&nbsp;Fabian Lanuza PhD ,&nbsp;Carlos Celis-Morales PhD ,&nbsp;Fanny Petermann-Rocha PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2025.103219","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2025.103219","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The inclusion of Psychological Health in the Life’s Essential 8 (LE8) may improve its predictive validity and contribute to a more equitable assessment of mortality by better accounting for this crucial component. Therefore, this study aimed i) to assess the longitudinal association between a modified version of Life’s Crucial 9 (LC9) score and all-cause mortality in the Chilean population and ii) to examine whether adding psychological health to the original LE8 framework might enhance its predictive ability.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>We included 3,546 participants aged ≥15 from the Chilean National Health Survey 2016–2017. Mortality was ascertained through linkage with the Chilean Civil Registry and Identification. A modified version of the LC9 score was created and divided into quartiles. The modified version was calculated from nine health and behavioral components, incorporating a Psychological Health variable (composite of depression and social integration). The association between LC9 and all-cause mortality was examined using crude Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. Non-linear associations were explored using restricted cubic splines. Predictive performance of LC9 was further compared with LE8 using model fit criteria (AIC, BIC) and discrimination measures (C-statistics, ROC-AUC).</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Over a median follow-up of 5 years, 169 participants (4.8 %) died from any cause. Survival curves showed lower survival probabilities among individuals in the lowest LC9 quartile than to those in higher quartiles (log-rank &lt;0.001). Compared with participants in Q1, those in Q4 had a 49 % lower risk of all-cause mortality after full adjustment for confounders (HR: 0.51; 95 % CI: 0.31–0.82). When comparing indices, LC9 (C-statistics= 0.854 (95 % CI: 0.842-0.866) provided marginally better model fit than LE8 (C-statistics= 0.851 (95 % CI: 0.839-0.864), but their overall predictive performance for mortality was similar.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>Higher LC9 scores were associated with lower all-cause mortality. The incorporation of Psychological Health measures may slightly improve the prediction of the models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51006,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cardiology","volume":"51 3","pages":"Article 103219"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145642433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging risk factors for stroke and bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation and heart failure–a narrative review","authors":"Jan Zabierowski ,&nbsp;Bartosz Hudzik ,&nbsp;Jolanta Nowak ,&nbsp;Mariusz Gąsior","doi":"10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2025.103231","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2025.103231","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF) frequently coexist, which leads to adverse clinical outcomes and a significant increase in the risk of both ischemic stroke and major bleeding. Although still valuable due to their widespread adoption, traditional risk scores (e.g. CHA₂DS₂-VASc, HAS-BLED) may not adequately capture group-specific differences in the context of substantial therapeutic and demographic changes that have occurred in recent years. This review summarizes emerging risk factors for stroke and bleeding, focusing on clinical and structural markers, and highlighting the novel biomarker-based approach. Factors such as chronic kidney disease, poor nutritional status, metabolic-associated fatty liver disease, frailty, and polypharmacy appear to substantially modify the risk. Biomarkers, including natriuretic peptides, high-sensitivity cardiac troponins, and growth differentiation factor-15, along with various markers of inflammation and hypercoagulability, provide valuable prognostic information. Incorporating echocardiographic measures, such as left atrial size, morphology, and appendage flow, together with electrocardiographic factors, including AF type and episode duration, may further refine stroke and bleeding prediction. New risk models, such as those based on novel biomarker strategies and machine learning, offer promising results in predicting stroke and bleeding when compared to traditional and well-validated risk scores. A better understanding and integration of these emerging risk factors can enhance existing risk stratification tools, guiding clinicians toward a more individualized decision-making process, while improving strategies for preventing stroke and major bleeding in this specific and vulnerable population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51006,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cardiology","volume":"51 3","pages":"Article 103231"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145642339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Left atrial volume measured by Cardiac CT as an independent predictor of atrial fibrillation recurrence following catheter ablation","authors":"Sebastian Tonso ,&nbsp;Flavia Saccomani ,&nbsp;Benjamin Castaño ,&nbsp;Santiago Del Castillo ,&nbsp;María Eugenia Amrein ,&nbsp;Gonzalo Fernandez Villar ,&nbsp;Gustavo Maid ,&nbsp;Diego Perez de Arenaza ,&nbsp;Mariano Falconi ,&nbsp;Rodolfo Pizarro","doi":"10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2025.103220","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2025.103220","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia worldwide and is associated with increased risk of stroke, heart failure, and dementia. Catheter ablation is an established treatment, particularly effective in patients with symptomatic paroxysmal AF. However, recurrence rates remain high (30–50 %) and are influenced by factors including AF type, left atrial (LA) volume, comorbidities, and procedural expertise. This study aimed to evaluate the association between LA volume measured by cardiac computed tomography (CT) and AF recurrence.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a retrospective observational study including patients who underwent AF ablation and prior cardiac CT for pulmonary vein mapping between 2018 and 2021 at a high-complexity center in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Patients with prior ablation, follow-up &lt;12 months, or missing CT were excluded. LA volume was measured automatically excluding the appendage and pulmonary veins, and indexed to body surface area. Recurrence beyond the 3-month blanking period was assessed. Patients were categorized into tertiles based on LA volume. Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox regression analyses were performed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 145 patients were included (mean age 60.2 ± 11.3 years; 24.8 % women; 53.7 % with hypertension). AF was paroxysmal in 66.2 %. Mean LA volume was significantly higher in the recurrence group (142.8 ± 42.5 mL vs. 112.7 ± 29.2 mL; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Recurrence occurred in 26.5 %, 46 %, and 71.7 % across increasing volume tertiles. LA volume in the upper tertile was independently associated with recurrence (HR 1.83; 95 % CI 1.05–3.2; <em>p</em> = 0.03).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>CT-derived LA volume was independently associated with AF recurrence following catheter ablation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51006,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cardiology","volume":"51 2","pages":"Article 103220"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145618348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing outcomes in a cardiac sarcoid cohort with implantable loop recorders - a tertiary United Kingdom study","authors":"Mansimran Singh Dulay MRCP (UK) ,&nbsp;Raheel Ahmed MRCP PhD ,&nbsp;Vasilis Kouranos MRCP PhD ,&nbsp;Rakesh Sharma MRCP (UK) PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2025.103217","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2025.103217","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) entails the inflammatory cardiac involvement of systemic sarcoid. Development of myocardial fibrosis can cause sustained ventricular arrhythmia (sVA), alongside high grade atrioventricular (hgAVB). In those patients who do not meet current international guidelines for implantable cardiac devices, implantable loop recorders (ILR) could be a feasible long term monitoring option. With only one current study in the literature, we sought to retrospectively assess outcomes in CS patients who underwent ILR insertion at Royal Brompton Hospital (RBH), the largest tertiary CS centre in the United Kingdom.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>CS patients who underwent ILR insertion between 2014 and 2024 at RBH were identified. Only patients with multidisciplinary team meeting (MDT) diagnoses were included. Outcome measures assessed for included need for new implantable cardiac device, non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT), sVA, hgAVB, newly inserted ICD/CRT-D shock, all-cause-mortality and heart failure hospitalisation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 47 patients were identified with a median follow up of 2.79 years. There were 10 patients (21%) who sustained an adverse event, with 9 (19%) undergoing a new cardiac device implantation, 5 (11%) demonstrating NSVT, 5 (11%) demonstrating hgAVB and sVA noted in 4 (8.5%) patients. Those patients who sustained an event were compared with patients who did not; overall, only hypertension was significantly more prevalent in the event positive group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In conclusion, this study has demonstrated that ILR insertion may be a useful long term surveillance tool in those CS patients who do not meet conventional device insertion criteria. Larger studies are prudent to clarify our findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51006,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cardiology","volume":"51 2","pages":"Article 103217"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145618349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"External validation of a predictive model for diagnosing transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis in suspected cases","authors":"Marcelina Carretero ,&nbsp;Santiago Decotto ,&nbsp;Gabriela Pieklo ,&nbsp;Erika B. Brulc ,&nbsp;María Adela Aguirre ,&nbsp;María Lourdes Posadas-Martínez","doi":"10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2025.103216","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2025.103216","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51006,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cardiology","volume":"51 2","pages":"Article 103216"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145618361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Twiddler-, Reel-, and Ratchet-syndrome: an alternative approach to address the underlying mechanism of complication in cardiac implantable electronic devices","authors":"Christian Stadlbauer ,&nbsp;Andrea Stadlbauer ,&nbsp;Sigrid Wiesner ,&nbsp;Ekrem Ücer ,&nbsp;Carsten Jungbauer ,&nbsp;Christof Schmid ,&nbsp;Simon Schopka ,&nbsp;Andreas Keyser","doi":"10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2025.103214","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2025.103214","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The circumstances leading to the origins of \"Twiddler\", \"Reel\", and \"Ratchet\" in patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) have not yet been fully determined. This retrospective study was performed to address different mechanisms that lead to impairment of implanted leads within the context of \"Twiddler\", \"Reel\", and \"Ratchet\".</div><div>From 2004 and 2023, 5966 patients underwent CIED procedures at our institution. 31 patients with lead impairment by rotation were identified with evidence of pulse generator mobility, lead dislodgement with retraction and / or associated coiling of the lead(s) radiographically or intraoperatively. A review of the literature from 1963 to 2024 identified 216 cases from 165 publications.</div><div>In less than half of our patients lead retraction could be attested, and a minority of patients had clinical symptoms attributable to lead impairment by rotation. Psychiatric comorbidities and patients´ manipulation could not be ascertained.</div><div>Thorough follow-up of all patients with CIEDs appears mandatory. Precise implantation techniques from the outset may limit lead impairment by rotation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51006,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cardiology","volume":"51 2","pages":"Article 103214"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145584290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}