Pub Date : 2021-02-08DOI: 10.1080/11956860.2021.1872264
J. Teampanpong
ABSTRACT This research presents the issue of wildlife access to garbage at dumpsites and suggests appropriate management in Kaeng Krachan National Park in Thailand. I set camera traps at three dumpsites from May 2018 to January 2019 (601 trap nights). I detected 38 wild species and three domesticated species. There were five, 20, and 13 species of reptiles, birds, and mammals, respectively, including the globally vulnerable Malayan sun bear (Helarctos malayanus) and long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis). The most prevalent species were diurnal, followed by nocturnal and then crepuscular. Nine species fed on food waste. Highly abundant species visited the dumpsites more frequently than did less abundant ones. Food waste quantities were correlated with the number of tourists, the species number, total individual animals, and species abundance. The likelihood of animals using dumpsites was dependent on the time of day, the location, the tourist season, and the group of animals. Feeding at dumpsites may change the ecological roles and foraging behaviour of wildlife, which leads to increasing populations and human-wildlife conflict. Proper management is required so that increasing waste from tourism will not negatively affect threatened species.
{"title":"Improper Garbage Management Attracts Vertebrates in a Thai National Park","authors":"J. Teampanpong","doi":"10.1080/11956860.2021.1872264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/11956860.2021.1872264","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This research presents the issue of wildlife access to garbage at dumpsites and suggests appropriate management in Kaeng Krachan National Park in Thailand. I set camera traps at three dumpsites from May 2018 to January 2019 (601 trap nights). I detected 38 wild species and three domesticated species. There were five, 20, and 13 species of reptiles, birds, and mammals, respectively, including the globally vulnerable Malayan sun bear (Helarctos malayanus) and long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis). The most prevalent species were diurnal, followed by nocturnal and then crepuscular. Nine species fed on food waste. Highly abundant species visited the dumpsites more frequently than did less abundant ones. Food waste quantities were correlated with the number of tourists, the species number, total individual animals, and species abundance. The likelihood of animals using dumpsites was dependent on the time of day, the location, the tourist season, and the group of animals. Feeding at dumpsites may change the ecological roles and foraging behaviour of wildlife, which leads to increasing populations and human-wildlife conflict. Proper management is required so that increasing waste from tourism will not negatively affect threatened species.","PeriodicalId":51030,"journal":{"name":"Ecoscience","volume":"28 1","pages":"107 - 113"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/11956860.2021.1872264","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45811295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-01DOI: 10.1080/11956860.2020.1793561
G. H. Scott
ABSTRACT Distributions of the planktonic foraminifers Globigerinoides ruber (d'Orbigny) and Trilobus sacculifer (Brady) from the tropical-subtropical South Pacific Ocean are related to sea surface temperature (SST), chlorophyll-a, nitrate, phosphate, salinity and oxygen to determine whether their niches overlap. Their distributions in the ForCenS database of species in seafloor sediment are studied as proxies for upper ocean data. In the occurrence analysis (MaxEnt) SST is the strongest predictor of niche suitability followed by chlorophyll-a; environments between 0–20° S are the most suitable for both species: niches are undifferentiated. Contrarily, abundance analysis (Random Forests) identifies nitrate and chlorophyll-a as primary variables for Globigerinoides ruber, and SST and chlorophyll-a for Trilobatus sacculifer. Maximum abundances of the former are predicted in the subtropical hyper-oligotrophic zone while maxima of the latter are predicted at its margins and near the West Pacific Warm Pool. The high relative abundance of Globigerinoides ruber in the hyper-oligotrophic zone is attributed to its photosymbiotic relation with on-board dinoflagellates; this compensates for the low primary productivity in the zone. It is the best-adapted planktonic foraminifer in this huge marine ‘desert’ and is a proxy for hyper-oligotrophic environments. The photosymbiotic relation is weaker in Trilobatus sacculifer which primarily depends on particulate nutrition.
{"title":"Zooplankters in an Oligotrophic Ocean: Contrasts in the Niches of Globigerinoides ruber and Trilobatus sacculifer (Foraminifera: Globigerinida) in the South Pacific","authors":"G. H. Scott","doi":"10.1080/11956860.2020.1793561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/11956860.2020.1793561","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Distributions of the planktonic foraminifers Globigerinoides ruber (d'Orbigny) and Trilobus sacculifer (Brady) from the tropical-subtropical South Pacific Ocean are related to sea surface temperature (SST), chlorophyll-a, nitrate, phosphate, salinity and oxygen to determine whether their niches overlap. Their distributions in the ForCenS database of species in seafloor sediment are studied as proxies for upper ocean data. In the occurrence analysis (MaxEnt) SST is the strongest predictor of niche suitability followed by chlorophyll-a; environments between 0–20° S are the most suitable for both species: niches are undifferentiated. Contrarily, abundance analysis (Random Forests) identifies nitrate and chlorophyll-a as primary variables for Globigerinoides ruber, and SST and chlorophyll-a for Trilobatus sacculifer. Maximum abundances of the former are predicted in the subtropical hyper-oligotrophic zone while maxima of the latter are predicted at its margins and near the West Pacific Warm Pool. The high relative abundance of Globigerinoides ruber in the hyper-oligotrophic zone is attributed to its photosymbiotic relation with on-board dinoflagellates; this compensates for the low primary productivity in the zone. It is the best-adapted planktonic foraminifer in this huge marine ‘desert’ and is a proxy for hyper-oligotrophic environments. The photosymbiotic relation is weaker in Trilobatus sacculifer which primarily depends on particulate nutrition.","PeriodicalId":51030,"journal":{"name":"Ecoscience","volume":"27 1","pages":"269 - 278"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/11956860.2020.1793561","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41354122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joel A Morales-Rosado, Erica L. Macke, M. Cousin, Gavin R. Oliver, R. Dhamija, E. Klee
{"title":"Cover","authors":"Joel A Morales-Rosado, Erica L. Macke, M. Cousin, Gavin R. Oliver, R. Dhamija, E. Klee","doi":"10.1002/mgg3.1511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mgg3.1511","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51030,"journal":{"name":"Ecoscience","volume":"30 1","pages":"1 - 1"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/mgg3.1511","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43995561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-23DOI: 10.1080/11956860.2020.1804724
A. R. M. Pontes, Antonio Paulo da Silva Júnior, D. Chivers
ABSTRACT We report leucism in groups of up to five tayras, Eira barbara, in a fish-bone human settlement in southern Roraima, centre of the Guyana shield of the Brazilian Amazonia, during systematic line transect surveys in Terra Firme forests. These tayras had much larger non-rounded ears, and much larger and robust paws compared to current descriptions of the species. The leucistic individuals were snow-white with the exception of the distal half of the forearms, front paws, and the eyes, which were black. Leucism appeared to be commoner in this region than in the rest of the Guyana shield, as it occurred in a non-isolated population. The leucistic individuals did not appear to face the disadvantages reported in the literature, such as competitive exclusion, or difficulties in intra-specific communication and recognition.
{"title":"The Occurrence of Leucism in Groups of Tayras Eira barbara Linnaeus 1758 on the Guyana Shield","authors":"A. R. M. Pontes, Antonio Paulo da Silva Júnior, D. Chivers","doi":"10.1080/11956860.2020.1804724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/11956860.2020.1804724","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We report leucism in groups of up to five tayras, Eira barbara, in a fish-bone human settlement in southern Roraima, centre of the Guyana shield of the Brazilian Amazonia, during systematic line transect surveys in Terra Firme forests. These tayras had much larger non-rounded ears, and much larger and robust paws compared to current descriptions of the species. The leucistic individuals were snow-white with the exception of the distal half of the forearms, front paws, and the eyes, which were black. Leucism appeared to be commoner in this region than in the rest of the Guyana shield, as it occurred in a non-isolated population. The leucistic individuals did not appear to face the disadvantages reported in the literature, such as competitive exclusion, or difficulties in intra-specific communication and recognition.","PeriodicalId":51030,"journal":{"name":"Ecoscience","volume":"27 1","pages":"295 - 301"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/11956860.2020.1804724","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43924367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-20DOI: 10.1080/11956860.2020.1796365
V. Crisfield, D. L. Haughland, L. Pyle
ABSTRACT Understanding the ecology and life history of rare species is critical to assessing their conservation status and developing effective management strategies. We examined the habitat and demography of impoverished pinweed (Lechea intermedia var. depauperata), a rare, narrowly endemic post-fire coloniser native to the Athabasca Plain of Canada, using a combination of germination tests, plant community assessments, and microclimate monitoring. In addition, we monitored demographic trends over three years in five of six known extant populations to explore the temporal dynamics of impoverished pinweed populations. Areas supporting impoverished pinweed populations were found to be warmer than adjacent areas during the growing season; however, warmer temperatures did not correlate with higher seed germination. Plant community composition varied little between occupied and unoccupied areas. Demographic assessments suggest the taxon is likely a short-lived perennial, and populations appear to be self-sustaining in the short term. Based on work presented here and in a previous study, we suggest that impoverished pinweed has several characteristics of inherently vulnerable taxa, and we recommend that population trends be monitored over time. Further, we recommend directions for future work to address identified outstanding knowledge gaps.
{"title":"Microhabitat and Ecology of the Rare Boreal Endemic Lechea intermedia Var. Depauperata Hodgdon (Cistaceae)","authors":"V. Crisfield, D. L. Haughland, L. Pyle","doi":"10.1080/11956860.2020.1796365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/11956860.2020.1796365","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Understanding the ecology and life history of rare species is critical to assessing their conservation status and developing effective management strategies. We examined the habitat and demography of impoverished pinweed (Lechea intermedia var. depauperata), a rare, narrowly endemic post-fire coloniser native to the Athabasca Plain of Canada, using a combination of germination tests, plant community assessments, and microclimate monitoring. In addition, we monitored demographic trends over three years in five of six known extant populations to explore the temporal dynamics of impoverished pinweed populations. Areas supporting impoverished pinweed populations were found to be warmer than adjacent areas during the growing season; however, warmer temperatures did not correlate with higher seed germination. Plant community composition varied little between occupied and unoccupied areas. Demographic assessments suggest the taxon is likely a short-lived perennial, and populations appear to be self-sustaining in the short term. Based on work presented here and in a previous study, we suggest that impoverished pinweed has several characteristics of inherently vulnerable taxa, and we recommend that population trends be monitored over time. Further, we recommend directions for future work to address identified outstanding knowledge gaps.","PeriodicalId":51030,"journal":{"name":"Ecoscience","volume":"27 1","pages":"279 - 293"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/11956860.2020.1796365","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43027327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-16DOI: 10.1080/11956860.2020.1791686
B. Hanberry
ABSTRACT Pre-Euro-American settlement vegetation provides information about historical ecology. I evaluated baseline conditions and novel status of current forests in Michigan using historical (1836 to 1858) and current (2010–2015) surveys and assessed quantitative and qualitative measures of novel status. Aspen (increased from 2% to 11% of all trees) and red maple (<2% to 12.5%) replaced eastern hemlock (15% to 2%) and American beech (8% to <1%) as most abundant species. Density was similar between surveys but mean diameter (trees ≥12.7 cm) decreased from 39 to 22 cm. The emerging forest type is a mix of early- to mid-successional species, particularly red maple, from eastern broadleaf forests of the central-eastern US.Openlands in southern Michigan have been replaced by agriculture and closed forests. Historical forests dominated by few tree species have transitioned to diverse eastern broadleaf forests throughout the eastern US, conforming to quantitative and qualitative measures of novel ecosystem status. Besides exceeding a quantitative threshold (e.g., squared chord distance), current forests meet novel status because they are ubiquitous, constitute a new normal, arise predictably, and unavoidably in response to disturbance or land-use change, auto-organize, and retain novelty after crossing thresholds challenging to reverse.
{"title":"Baseline to Novel Ecosystems in Michigan, USA, with a Quantitative and Qualitative Assessment","authors":"B. Hanberry","doi":"10.1080/11956860.2020.1791686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/11956860.2020.1791686","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Pre-Euro-American settlement vegetation provides information about historical ecology. I evaluated baseline conditions and novel status of current forests in Michigan using historical (1836 to 1858) and current (2010–2015) surveys and assessed quantitative and qualitative measures of novel status. Aspen (increased from 2% to 11% of all trees) and red maple (<2% to 12.5%) replaced eastern hemlock (15% to 2%) and American beech (8% to <1%) as most abundant species. Density was similar between surveys but mean diameter (trees ≥12.7 cm) decreased from 39 to 22 cm. The emerging forest type is a mix of early- to mid-successional species, particularly red maple, from eastern broadleaf forests of the central-eastern US.Openlands in southern Michigan have been replaced by agriculture and closed forests. Historical forests dominated by few tree species have transitioned to diverse eastern broadleaf forests throughout the eastern US, conforming to quantitative and qualitative measures of novel ecosystem status. Besides exceeding a quantitative threshold (e.g., squared chord distance), current forests meet novel status because they are ubiquitous, constitute a new normal, arise predictably, and unavoidably in response to disturbance or land-use change, auto-organize, and retain novelty after crossing thresholds challenging to reverse.","PeriodicalId":51030,"journal":{"name":"Ecoscience","volume":"27 1","pages":"255 - 268"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/11956860.2020.1791686","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45071440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-07DOI: 10.1080/11956860.2020.1772613
R. Andrews, R. Ruess
ABSTRACT We investigated abundance and community structure of soil microarthropods in three stages of a primary successional chronosequence along the Tanana River in interior Alaska: early-successional alder stands, mid-successional balsam poplar stands and late successional white spruce stands. Microarthropod abundances in alder stands were uniformly low and tended to increase in balsam popular stands where abundances were highly variable among sites. White spruce stands had the highest abundances, almost 8 times those of alder sites. Arthropod taxon and Oribatida family richness also increased (alder: 29 taxa, 6 families; balsam poplar: 34 taxa, 10 families; white spruce: 40 taxa, 14 families). Non-metric multidimensional ordination of arthropod taxa indicated microarthropod communities became more similar within stand types later in succession and environmental fit of the site characteristics found organic matter thickness, soil degree days, organic layer phosphorus (P), mineral layer concentrations of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and manganese (Mn), and white spruce basal area were significant (p < 0.05). Regression analysis indicated prey abundance and predator abundance were positively correlated (R2 = 0.43; p< 0.001). Our findings point to the importance of vegetation, soil development and temperature, site stability, microarthropod colonization time, and possibly predator abundance in shaping these microarthropod communities.
{"title":"Microarthropod Abundance and Community Structure along a Chronosequence within the Tanana River Floodplain, Alaska","authors":"R. Andrews, R. Ruess","doi":"10.1080/11956860.2020.1772613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/11956860.2020.1772613","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We investigated abundance and community structure of soil microarthropods in three stages of a primary successional chronosequence along the Tanana River in interior Alaska: early-successional alder stands, mid-successional balsam poplar stands and late successional white spruce stands. Microarthropod abundances in alder stands were uniformly low and tended to increase in balsam popular stands where abundances were highly variable among sites. White spruce stands had the highest abundances, almost 8 times those of alder sites. Arthropod taxon and Oribatida family richness also increased (alder: 29 taxa, 6 families; balsam poplar: 34 taxa, 10 families; white spruce: 40 taxa, 14 families). Non-metric multidimensional ordination of arthropod taxa indicated microarthropod communities became more similar within stand types later in succession and environmental fit of the site characteristics found organic matter thickness, soil degree days, organic layer phosphorus (P), mineral layer concentrations of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and manganese (Mn), and white spruce basal area were significant (p < 0.05). Regression analysis indicated prey abundance and predator abundance were positively correlated (R2 = 0.43; p< 0.001). Our findings point to the importance of vegetation, soil development and temperature, site stability, microarthropod colonization time, and possibly predator abundance in shaping these microarthropod communities.","PeriodicalId":51030,"journal":{"name":"Ecoscience","volume":"27 1","pages":"235 - 253"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/11956860.2020.1772613","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42149556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-30DOI: 10.1080/11956860.2020.1772610
J. Chakraborty, Sudhir Singh
ABSTRACT Mound-building termites are ecosystem engineers whose abundance and spatial ecology are not adequately addressed in many forest ecosystems. We studied Odontotermes obesus mounds at two moist tropical deciduous forests (pure Sal and Sal-Teak mixed) in the Doon valley, northern India. Mound abundance, spatial pattern and termite population density were determined by direct count, nearest neighbour analyses and destructive sampling, respectively. Relations between mound attributes and stand characteristics such as woody vegetation diversity, density and tree stumps (representing food quality, quantity, open-space availability and disturbance) were tested at fine spatial scale using regression analyses. Active mounds were more abundant in the pure Sal stand (∼8.0 mounds/ha) than in the mixed stand (∼5.0 mounds/ha). Mean population density (both sites combined) was 2.01 × 105 individuals per mound. Population density was strongly correlated with mound volume. Predominance of young colonies was indicated by high occurrence (≥ = 65%) of small mounds (< 1.25 m3). Mounds were predominantly randomly distributed. However, the pure Sal stand showed a partial tendency towards aggregation. Our results revealed that woody species richness is an important, site-specific regulatory factor. Local-scale variations should be cautiously considered while up-scaling the contribution of O. obesus mounds to various ecosystem processes.
{"title":"Abundance, Population Density and Spatial Ecology of Mound-Building Termites in Moist Tropical Deciduous Forests of Northern India","authors":"J. Chakraborty, Sudhir Singh","doi":"10.1080/11956860.2020.1772610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/11956860.2020.1772610","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Mound-building termites are ecosystem engineers whose abundance and spatial ecology are not adequately addressed in many forest ecosystems. We studied Odontotermes obesus mounds at two moist tropical deciduous forests (pure Sal and Sal-Teak mixed) in the Doon valley, northern India. Mound abundance, spatial pattern and termite population density were determined by direct count, nearest neighbour analyses and destructive sampling, respectively. Relations between mound attributes and stand characteristics such as woody vegetation diversity, density and tree stumps (representing food quality, quantity, open-space availability and disturbance) were tested at fine spatial scale using regression analyses. Active mounds were more abundant in the pure Sal stand (∼8.0 mounds/ha) than in the mixed stand (∼5.0 mounds/ha). Mean population density (both sites combined) was 2.01 × 105 individuals per mound. Population density was strongly correlated with mound volume. Predominance of young colonies was indicated by high occurrence (≥ = 65%) of small mounds (< 1.25 m3). Mounds were predominantly randomly distributed. However, the pure Sal stand showed a partial tendency towards aggregation. Our results revealed that woody species richness is an important, site-specific regulatory factor. Local-scale variations should be cautiously considered while up-scaling the contribution of O. obesus mounds to various ecosystem processes.","PeriodicalId":51030,"journal":{"name":"Ecoscience","volume":"27 1","pages":"209 - 222"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/11956860.2020.1772610","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46278044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-23DOI: 10.1080/11956860.2020.1772609
Sarahi Sandoval, C. López-González, J. Escobar-Flores, R. Martínez-Rincón
ABSTRACT Most potential habitat models have been built from WorldClim using low resolution variables, even for areas of high heterogeneity with few weather stations. The resulting models can be too general and lead to erroneous decisions when used for conservation purposes. Sciurus aberti is a tree squirrel inhabiting highlands in the SW US and the Sierra Madre Occidental (SMO) in Mexico, where it is considered a species of low concern. We examined the effect of resolution, variables, and algorithms on the predicted potential habitat of S. aberti in Mexico and compared the resulting models against a previous one created from WorldClim variables using GARP (Genetic Algorithm for Rule Set Production). Our best model, using Maxent, 30 m spatial resolution and topographic variables, predicted a fragmented distribution in pine and pine–oak forests, consistent with what is known about the species' natural history. The area represented only 2% of the SMO (compared to 28% for the GARP model), of which only 0.33% lies within protected areas. The model suggests that the habitat is highly fragmented, which threatens population continuity. Therefore, we propose that the conservation status of Sciurus aberti must be reassessed and that forest management better consider the conservation of arboreal species.
大多数潜在的生境模型都是在WorldClim上使用低分辨率变量建立的，即使是在具有很少气象站的高异质性地区。由此产生的模型可能过于笼统，在用于保护目的时可能导致错误的决定。Sciurus aberti是一种树松鼠，生活在美国西南部的高地和墨西哥的西马德雷山脉(Sierra Madre Occidental, SMO)，在那里它被认为是一种低危物种。我们研究了分辨率、变量和算法对预测墨西哥S. aberti潜在栖息地的影响，并将结果模型与先前使用GARP(规则集生成遗传算法)从WorldClim变量创建的模型进行了比较。我们最好的模型，使用Maxent, 30米空间分辨率和地形变量，预测了松林和松栎林的碎片化分布，与已知的物种自然历史相一致。该区域仅占SMO的2%(与GARP模型的28%相比)，其中只有0.33%位于保护区内。该模型表明，栖息地高度分散，威胁到种群的连续性。因此，我们建议重新评估红木的保护状况，并在森林管理中更好地考虑对乔木物种的保护。
{"title":"Effect of Spatial Resolution, Algorithm and Variable Set on the Estimated Distribution of a Mammal of Concern: The Squirrel Sciurus aberti","authors":"Sarahi Sandoval, C. López-González, J. Escobar-Flores, R. Martínez-Rincón","doi":"10.1080/11956860.2020.1772609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/11956860.2020.1772609","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Most potential habitat models have been built from WorldClim using low resolution variables, even for areas of high heterogeneity with few weather stations. The resulting models can be too general and lead to erroneous decisions when used for conservation purposes. Sciurus aberti is a tree squirrel inhabiting highlands in the SW US and the Sierra Madre Occidental (SMO) in Mexico, where it is considered a species of low concern. We examined the effect of resolution, variables, and algorithms on the predicted potential habitat of S. aberti in Mexico and compared the resulting models against a previous one created from WorldClim variables using GARP (Genetic Algorithm for Rule Set Production). Our best model, using Maxent, 30 m spatial resolution and topographic variables, predicted a fragmented distribution in pine and pine–oak forests, consistent with what is known about the species' natural history. The area represented only 2% of the SMO (compared to 28% for the GARP model), of which only 0.33% lies within protected areas. The model suggests that the habitat is highly fragmented, which threatens population continuity. Therefore, we propose that the conservation status of Sciurus aberti must be reassessed and that forest management better consider the conservation of arboreal species.","PeriodicalId":51030,"journal":{"name":"Ecoscience","volume":"27 1","pages":"195 - 207"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/11956860.2020.1772609","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46870991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-23DOI: 10.1080/11956860.2020.1772611
D. Bowles
ABSTRACT Adult caddisfly (Trichoptera) community assemblages were studied in nine streams located in the transitional zone of the Ozarks and tallgrass prairie ecoregions. Seventy-two species, 36 genera, and 15 families were collected from among these streams. Cluster analysis showed taxa similarity among sites was grouped by geographic proximity rather than stream type, but, within the primary clusters, there also was separation among the streams. Predominantly spring-fed streams were less closely related to the other streams in those clusters. Among streams within a park, there were distinct differences among their respective faunas, which is likely due to local physical and chemical differences in those streams. An NMDS analysis was consistent with the similarity analysis with streams ordinating primarily based on geographic proximity (stress = 0.07, R2 = 0.76) and not stream type (multiresponse permutation procedure: A = 0.289, p = 0.003). Results from free permutation testing showed half of the environmental variables included in the model were significant (p ≤ 0.05). The most important findings of this study are that highest taxa similarities were among streams in the same park (local scale) as opposed to similar stream types among parks (regional scale), but there also was substantial variation among stream types within parks due to local factors.
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