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Decadal Trends in Physical Activity Adherence Among Korean Older Adults: An Analysis of National Survey of Older Korean Data, 2011-2020. 韩国老年人坚持体育锻炼的十年趋势:2011-2020 年韩国老年人全国调查数据分析》。
IF 1.4 4区 医学 Q4 GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-02-13 Print Date: 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2023-0341
Joonyoung Lee, Eun Seong Kim, Hyunyoung Lee, Jung Hoon Huh

Background/objectives: This study investigated adherence to physical activity (PA) guidelines and associated sociodemographic factors among older Koreans from 2011 to 2020.

Methods: Utilizing four public data sets from the National Survey of Older Koreans, the study included the data on 40,993 older adults 65 years and older in South Korea, collected between 2011 and 2020. Adherence to PA guidelines and sociodemographic factors were assessed through self-reported questionnaires. The data were analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance and post hoc tests.

Results: Overall adherence increased from 39.1% in 2011 to 48.2% in 2017, then decreased to 37.6% in 2020 (p < .001). Men had higher adherence than women (p < .001). Age-related adherence peaked in the young-older group (65-74 years old) and was lowest in the oldest-old group (85+ years old) (p < .001). Marital status, education, and income were also significantly related to PA adherence (p < .001) across the years.

Conclusion: Although continuous increase in adherence to PA among Koreans 65 years and older was observed, the decline in PA levels during the COVID era underscored the need for targeted interventions and well-informed health care policies to address demographic challenges. Still, considering that data were collected during the recommended social distancing period, a cautions interpretation of these findings is warranted. Significance/Implications: Health policies aiming to improve adherence to PA guidelines should prioritize Korean older adults who are female, belong to the oldest-old group, are single, and have low education and income levels, with the goal of enhancing health equity.

背景/目的:本研究调查了 2011 年至 2020 年韩国老年人对体育锻炼(PA)指南的遵守情况以及相关的社会人口因素:本研究利用韩国老年人全国调查的四个公共数据集,收集了韩国 40,993 名 65 岁及以上老年人在 2011 年至 2020 年期间的数据。通过自我报告问卷对坚持锻炼指南和社会人口因素进行了评估。数据采用双向方差分析和事后检验进行分析:总体遵守率从2011年的39.1%增至2017年的48.2%,然后降至2020年的37.6%(p < .001)。男性的坚持率高于女性(p < .001)。与年龄相关的坚持率在年轻-年长组(65-74 岁)达到最高,在最年长组(85 岁以上)最低(p < .001)。婚姻状况、教育程度和收入也与各年龄段的坚持体育锻炼有显著关系(p < .001):尽管观察到 65 岁及以上韩国人坚持体育锻炼的程度在不断提高,但在 COVID 时代,韩国人的体育锻炼水平有所下降,这突出表明需要采取有针对性的干预措施和充分知情的医疗保健政策来应对人口结构方面的挑战。不过,考虑到数据是在建议的社会疏远时期收集的,因此对这些研究结果的解释需要谨慎。意义/影响:旨在促进遵守锻炼指南的医疗政策应优先考虑女性、高龄、单身、教育程度和收入水平较低的韩国老年人,以提高健康公平性。
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引用次数: 0
An Investigation of the Sled-Push Exercise Using a Resisted Sled Machine in Apparently Healthy Older Adults: An Exploratory Study. 对貌似健康的老年人使用抗阻雪橇机进行雪橇推举运动的调查:一项探索性研究
IF 1.4 4区 医学 Q4 GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-02-10 Print Date: 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2023-0071
Micheal Baumann, Christopher Hill, Clayton Camic, Peter Chomentowski, Vitor Siqueira, Steven Petruzzello, Emerson Sebastião

Physical function is regarded as the cornerstone of healthy aging, and exercise is an important determinant of healthy aging. This study examined the feasibility and physiological (heart rate, blood pressure, blood lactate, and rate of perceived exertion) and psychological (enjoyment) response resulting from an acute progressive sled-push (SLP) exercise session using the novel XPO Sled Trainer in older adults and compared that with walking (WKC) condition. The exercise session comprised six exercise bouts at 75%, 85%, 100% (2×), and 125% (2×) of normal velocity with a 2-min rest between bouts. Thirty-six older adults were randomly allocated into either the SLP or WKC conditions. No adverse events were observed during the exercise session, and all participants completed the exercise protocol as prescribed. One-third of the participants in the SLP group reported minimal body discomfort. Significantly higher responses were observed for all physiological variables as the intensity of the exercise increased in the SLP group compared with the WKC group (p < .001). The SLP group presented a decline in enjoyment as the intensity of the exercise increased (during), but similar enjoyment level than the WKC group for the overall exercise session (p = .711). Our findings support the viability and safety of SLP exercise using the XPO Sled Trainer in older adults. Such exercise demonstrated an intensity-driven modality that may have potential to elucidate positive adaptations in the cardiovascular system of older adults with acceptable levels of enjoyment.

身体功能被视为健康老龄化的基石,而运动则是决定健康老龄化的重要因素。本研究考察了使用新型 XPO 雪橇训练器对老年人进行急性渐进式推雪橇(SLP)锻炼的可行性、生理(心率、血压、血乳酸和感觉消耗率)和心理(愉悦)反应,并与步行(WKC)条件进行了比较。运动训练包括六次运动,速度分别为正常速度的 75%、85%、100%(2×)和 125%(2×),两次运动之间休息 2 分钟。36 名老年人被随机分配到 SLP 或 WKC 条件下。运动过程中未发现任何不良反应,所有参与者均按规定完成了运动方案。在 SLP 组中,有三分之一的参与者表示身体有轻微不适。与 WKC 组相比,随着运动强度的增加,SLP 组所有生理变量的反应都明显增加(p < .001)。随着运动强度的增加,SLP 组的运动乐趣有所下降(在运动过程中),但在整个运动过程中,SLP 组的运动乐趣与 WKC 组相似(p = .711)。我们的研究结果支持使用 XPO 雪橇训练器对老年人进行 SLP 锻炼的可行性和安全性。这种运动展示了一种强度驱动的模式,有可能在老年人心血管系统中阐明积极的适应性,并带来可接受的愉悦感。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of an 18-Month Walking Intervention on the Rest-Activity Rhythm of Older Adults With Mild-Moderate Dementia. 为期 18 个月的步行干预对轻度-中度痴呆症老年人休息-活动节奏的影响
IF 1.4 4区 医学 Q4 GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-02-09 Print Date: 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2022-0450
Karin Mariëlle Volkers, Johanna Gerdine Douma, Jan Binne Hoeksma, Erik Johan Anton Scherder

The objective of this 18-month walking intervention was to evaluate the effect on rest-activity rhythm (RAR) for older adults with mild-to-moderate dementia (65.8% female; aged M = 82.4 [SD = 6.5]). The intervention group (n = 44) was intended to walk 30 min, five times per week for 18 months. The control group (n = 35) received sedentary activities or usual care. RAR was measured at baseline to after 18 months and five times in between actigraphy outcome variables (interdaily stability, intradaily variability, relative amplitude, activity 10 most active hours, and activity 5 least active hours). Hierarchical mixed model analyses revealed no significant intervention effects (with or without baseline confounders as covariate) on RAR. However, participants in the intervention group were able to significantly increase their daily life activity (activity 10 most active hours) from the onset of the preceding measurement, b = 0.10, t(239.32) = 2.36, p = .019. More research is warranted to study the effect of regular walks on older persons with dementia whose RAR is worst at baseline.

这项为期 18 个月的步行干预旨在评估轻度至中度痴呆症老年人(65.8% 为女性;年龄中位数 = 82.4 [SD = 6.5])的休息-活动节律(RAR)效果。干预组(n = 44)计划每周步行 5 次,每次 30 分钟,为期 18 个月。对照组(n = 35)接受静坐活动或常规护理。从基线到 18 个月后,共测量了 5 次 RAR,其间还测量了动图结果变量(日间稳定性、日内变异性、相对振幅、10 个最活跃小时的活动量和 5 个最不活跃小时的活动量)。分层混合模型分析显示,干预对 RAR 没有显著影响(无论是否将基线混杂因素作为协变量)。但是,干预组参与者的日常生活活动量(活动量最大的 10 个小时)比前一次测量时有了明显增加,b = 0.10,t(239.32) = 2.36,p = .019。有必要开展更多研究,以了解定期散步对基线 RAR 最差的老年痴呆症患者的影响。
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引用次数: 0
The Association Between Physical Activity, Obesity, and Cognition in Middle-Aged and Older Adults. 中老年人体育锻炼、肥胖与认知之间的关系。
IF 1.4 4区 医学 Q4 GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-02-09 Print Date: 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2022-0243
Andrew J Fiscella, Ross Andel

As rates of obesity continue to rise, so does the impact of obesity on cognitive function. Engaging in physical activity is one pathway through which individuals can help maintain cognitive function. This study examined whether any link between exercise and cognitive function was associated with weight characteristics. Data from 6,012 participants in the Health and Retirement Study were used. The association between participation in light or moderate physical activity and better cognitive function was particularly strong for overweight or obese adults and less so for those who were normal weight. Overall, the findings suggested that while being physically active is associated with better cognitive function regardless of weight, the associations were stronger for individuals who were overweight/obese compared with those who were normal weight. Given the results were particularly pronounced for waist circumference (relative to body mass index), further research should be conducted to examine if individuals with greater abdominal adiposity may benefit most from staying active in terms of their cognitive function.

随着肥胖率的持续上升,肥胖对认知功能的影响也越来越大。参加体育锻炼是个人帮助维持认知功能的途径之一。本研究探讨了运动与认知功能之间的联系是否与体重特征有关。研究使用了《健康与退休研究》(Health and Retirement Study)中 6012 名参与者的数据。对于超重或肥胖的成年人来说,参加轻度或中度体育锻炼与改善认知功能之间的联系尤为紧密,而对于体重正常的成年人来说,这种联系就不那么紧密了。总体而言,研究结果表明,虽然无论体重如何,参加体育锻炼都与改善认知功能有关,但超重/肥胖者与体重正常者的关联性更强。鉴于腰围(相对于体重指数)的结果尤为明显,因此应开展进一步研究,探讨腹部脂肪含量较高的人是否可能从保持运动中获得最大的认知功能益处。
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引用次数: 0
Physical Activity Inclusion in Dementia-Friendly Communities: A Mixed Methods Study. 将体育活动纳入痴呆症友好社区:混合方法研究。
IF 1.4 4区 医学 Q4 GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-01-27 Print Date: 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2022-0371
Rebecca Hadley, Elspeth Mathie, Elizabeth Pike, Claire Goodman

Dementia-friendly communities (DFCs) are a policy-endorsed approach to community engagement in England that promotes social inclusion to enable people affected by dementia to live well. Research suggests that physical activity is beneficial in encouraging social connection and improving health. A mixed method sequential study design in England involving a national survey (n = 31) and semistructured interviews (n = 65) in three DFCs was carried out. The aim was to understand how DFCs enable people affected by dementia to participate in physical activities. An evaluation framework for DFCs was used to organize and interpret the data, and analysis was informed by the inclusive (social) citizen lens. Findings showed that DFCs offered a range of adapted dementia-inclusive and dementia-specific activities; however, people were not routinely offered information at time of diagnosis. Local authorities (councils) were key to enable access to information and infrastructure change to support sustainable inclusion within their local community.

痴呆症友好社区(DFCs)是英格兰一种政策认可的社区参与方式,旨在促进社会包容,使痴呆症患者能够生活得很好。研究表明,体育活动有利于促进社会联系和改善健康。我们在英格兰开展了一项混合方法序列研究设计,包括一项全国性调查(n = 31)和在三个痴呆症社区中心进行的半结构式访谈(n = 65)。目的是了解老年痴呆症社区康复中心如何帮助老年痴呆症患者参加体育活动。我们使用了一个残疾人活动中心评估框架来组织和解释数据,并通过包容性(社会)公民视角进行分析。研究结果表明,老年功能中心提供了一系列经过调整的痴呆症包容性活动和痴呆症特定活动;但是,人们在确诊时并未获得常规信息。地方当局(议会)是获取信息和改变基础设施以支持当地社区可持续融入的关键。
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引用次数: 0
The Civilized Bodies of Middle-Aged Women: A Qualitative Study of Participation in an Exercise Intervention in Denmark. 中年女性的文明身体:丹麦参与运动干预的定性研究》。
IF 1.4 4区 医学 Q4 GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-01-23 Print Date: 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2023-0203
Maria Hybholt

The present paper explores how aging bodies of middle-aged women can enable and constrain participation in physical activity. The study is inspired by the process sociology of Norbert Elias and builds on qualitative empirical material from passive observations (N = 57), focus groups (N = 51), and individual follow-up interviews (N = 21) with middle-aged Danish women who participated in a 3-month research project with exercise intervention. The qualitative study found that awareness of bodily aging enabled the taking up of exercise in the intervention. Additionally, taking up regular exercise in midlife can be understood as a highly rationalized leisure-time activity in relation to societal moral norms of self-responsibility for own physiological health. Furthermore, the qualitative material indicates that participation enabled a self-realization among the middle-aged women, as strong and capable bodies counter to the biomedical view of decline in the aging body.

本文探讨了中年女性衰老的身体如何促进和限制她们参与体育活动。本研究受到诺伯特-埃利亚斯(Norbert Elias)过程社会学的启发,以定性实证材料为基础,从被动观察(57 人)、焦点小组(51 人)和个人后续访谈(21 人)中收集资料,这些资料来自参与为期 3 个月运动干预研究项目的丹麦中年妇女。定性研究发现,对身体老化的认识有助于在干预中进行锻炼。此外,根据对自身生理健康负责的社会道德规范,中年定期锻炼可以被理解为一种高度合理化的业余活动。此外,定性材料表明,中年妇女的参与使她们实现了自我价值,她们是强壮而有能力的身体,这与生物医学中衰老身体的观点背道而驰。
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引用次数: 0
A Mixed Methods Feasibility Study of Machine-Based Resistance Training With Prefrail Older Adults in Residential Care: The Keeping Active in Residential Elderly Trial II. 以机器为基础的阻力训练的混合方法可行性研究,针对居住在养老院的虚弱老年人:住院老人保持活跃试验 II》(Keeping Active in Residential Elderly Trial II.
IF 1.4 4区 医学 Q4 GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-01-23 Print Date: 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2022-0170
Bridgitte Swales, Gemma C Ryde, Anna C Whittaker

Physical activity is an effective, proactive intervention to reduce or reverse frailty and functional decline. However, uncertainty exists about the feasibility and impact of resistance training on multidimensional health in prefrail older adults in residential care. This mixed methods feasibility study assessed practicability with limited efficacy testing on health and functional outcomes. Eleven prefrail older adults participated in a 6-week progressive resistance training protocol three times per week. The intervention and measures were found to be appropriate and acceptable by those who completed the trial, with participants self-reporting improved well-being, mood, and function. Analysis identified several barriers to recruitment, including prior commitments, seasonal impact, and session timing, and offered potential solutions with further recommendations for program refinement prior to a definitive randomized controlled trial. These findings add to our understanding of prefrail older adults' preferences regarding participation in physical activity research and the perceived benefits of resistance training. This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03141879.

体育锻炼是减少或逆转虚弱和功能衰退的有效、积极的干预措施。然而,阻力训练的可行性及其对居住在养老院的虚弱前老年人多维健康的影响还存在不确定性。这项混合方法可行性研究通过对健康和功能结果进行有限的疗效测试,对实用性进行了评估。11 名身体较弱的老年人参加了为期 6 周的渐进式阻力训练方案,每周三次。完成试验者认为干预措施和测量方法是适当和可接受的,参与者自我报告说他们的幸福感、情绪和功能都得到了改善。分析发现了招募的几个障碍,包括事先承诺、季节影响和训练时间,并提出了潜在的解决方案,建议在进行明确的随机对照试验之前进一步完善计划。这些发现加深了我们对身体机能不健全的老年人参与体育活动研究的偏好以及阻力训练的益处的了解。该试验已在 ClinicalTrials.gov 注册:NCT03141879。
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引用次数: 0
Is There an Association Between Self-Reported Dual-Task Performance and Fear of Falling in Older Adults? 老年人自我报告的双重任务表现与跌倒恐惧之间有关联吗?
IF 1.4 4区 医学 Q4 GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-01-23 Print Date: 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2023-0267
Ecem Kartal Özcan, Mustafa Karabulut, Kürşad Karakoç, Banu Müjdeci

Introduction: Is there an association between self-reported dual-task performance and fear of falling in older adults?

Background/objectives: Fear of falling tends to increase with age and can negatively impact dual-task abilities, leading to potential declines in overall quality of life. Therefore, it becomes crucial to evaluate dual-task performance in older adults, particularly prior to the onset of fear of falling. This study aims to investigate the potential association between self-reported dual-task performance and fear of falling in older adults.

Methods: A total of 51 individuals (19 females and 32 males) were recruited. The participants met the inclusion criteria were administered the Dual-Task Questionnaire (DTQ), Falls Efficiency Scale International, and Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly. Multiple linear regression was performed to predict DTQ scores based on age, body mass index, and Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly.

Results: A moderate positive correlation was found between Falls Efficiency Scale International scores and self-reported DTQ scores (r: .448, p: .001). Age, body mass index, and Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly were not found to be significant predictors of DTQ scores.

Conclusions: Our study reveals a moderate positive association between fear of falling and self-reported dual-task performance in older adults. A direct relationship between physical activity performance, fear of falling, and self-reported dual-task performance was observed among older adults. Significance/Implications: Integrating self-reported measures like the DTQ in clinical evaluations can provide valuable insights into dual-task abilities of older adults.

简介:自我报告的双重任务表现与老年人跌倒恐惧之间是否存在关联?背景/目的:老年人自我报告的双重任务表现与跌倒恐惧之间是否存在关联?跌倒恐惧往往会随着年龄的增长而增加,并可能对双重任务能力产生负面影响,从而导致整体生活质量的潜在下降。因此,对老年人的双任务能力进行评估至关重要,尤其是在出现跌倒恐惧之前。本研究旨在调查老年人自我报告的双重任务能力与跌倒恐惧之间的潜在关联:共招募了 51 人(19 名女性和 32 名男性)。符合纳入标准的参与者均接受了双重任务问卷(DTQ)、国际跌倒效率量表和老年人体力活动量表的测试。根据年龄、体重指数和老年人体力活动量表对 DTQ 分数进行了多元线性回归预测:结果:国际跌倒效率量表得分与自我报告的 DTQ 分数之间存在中度正相关(r:.448,p:.001)。年龄、体重指数和老年人体力活动量表均不能显著预测 DTQ 分数:我们的研究揭示了老年人对跌倒的恐惧与自我报告的双重任务表现之间存在适度的正相关。在老年人中,体育活动表现、跌倒恐惧和自我报告的双重任务表现之间存在直接关系。意义/影响:在临床评估中整合像 DTQ 这样的自我报告测量方法可以为了解老年人的双重任务能力提供宝贵的信息。
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引用次数: 0
Dementia-Inclusive Choices for Exercise Toolkit: Impact on the Knowledge, Perspectives, and Practices of Exercise Providers. 老年痴呆症包容性运动选择工具包:对运动提供者的知识、观点和实践的影响。
IF 1.4 4区 医学 Q4 GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-01-23 Print Date: 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2022-0401
Laura E Middleton, Chelsea Pelletier, Melissa Koch, Rebekah Norman, Sherry Dupuis, Arlene Astell, Lora Giangregorio, Shannon Freeman

Physical activity improves the well-being of persons living with dementia but few exercise programs include them. The Dementia-Inclusive Choices for Exercise (DICE) toolkit aims to improve exercise providers' understanding of dementia and ability to support persons living with dementia in physical activity. We evaluated the co-designed DICE toolkit with exercise providers using a mixed-methods approach comprising pre/post questionnaires and interviews and reflection diaries. Among 16 participants, self-efficacy for exercise delivery to persons living with dementia and both knowledge and attitudes toward dementia significantly improved. Thematic analysis suggested participants (a) had a deeper understanding of the variability of dementia, (b) were planning for equitable access for persons living with dementia, (c) planned to promote social connection through exercise, and (d) were optimistic for future engagement with persons living with dementia. The DICE toolkit may improve exercise providers' knowledge and confidence to plan proactively to support persons living with dementia in programs and services.

体育锻炼可以提高痴呆症患者的幸福感,但很少有锻炼计划将痴呆症患者包括在内。痴呆症包容性运动选择(DICE)工具包旨在提高运动提供者对痴呆症的了解,并提高他们在体育活动中为痴呆症患者提供支持的能力。我们采用混合方法,包括前后问卷调查、访谈和反思日记,对与运动提供者共同设计的 DICE 工具包进行了评估。在 16 名参与者中,向痴呆症患者提供运动的自我效能感以及对痴呆症的知识和态度都有了显著提高。主题分析表明,参与者(a)对痴呆症的变异性有了更深入的了解;(b)正在计划为痴呆症患者提供公平的机会;(c)计划通过运动促进社会联系;以及(d)对未来与痴呆症患者的接触持乐观态度。DICE 工具包可以增强运动提供者的知识和信心,使他们能够积极主动地制定计划,在项目和服务中为痴呆症患者提供支持。
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引用次数: 0
The Effects of Virtual Reality Training on Cognition in Older Adults: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression of Randomized Controlled Trials. 虚拟现实训练对老年人认知能力的影响:随机对照试验的系统回顾、元分析和元回归。
IF 1.4 4区 医学 Q4 GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-01-19 Print Date: 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2023-0217
Mirjami Kantola, Outi Ilves, Sari Honkanen, Harto Hakonen, Riku Yli-Ikkelä, Anna Köyhäjoki, Marjo-Riitta Anttila, Aki Rintala, Hilkka Korpi, Tuulikki Sjögren, Juha Karvanen, Eeva Aartolahti

The aim of this systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression was to examine the effects of virtual reality-based training on global cognition and executive function compared with conventional training or information-based treatment in older adults, regardless of cognitive level. A systematic literature search was conducted using four databases. A total of 31 randomized controlled trials were identified. Pooled effect sizes were calculated, the risk of bias was assessed, and evidence was graded. The primary analyses showed a small but statistically significant effect of virtual reality-based training compared with control on global cognition (Hedges' g 0.42, 95% confidence interval [0.17, 0.68], I2 = 70.1%, n = 876, 20 randomized controlled trials, low evidence) and executive function (Hedges' g 0.35, 95% confidence interval [0.06, 0.65], I2 = 68.4%, n = 810, 16 randomized controlled trials, very low evidence). Meta-regression yielded inconclusive results. Virtual reality-based training may be more effective than control in improving cognition in older adults; however, more high-quality studies are needed.

本系统性综述、荟萃分析和荟萃回归的目的是研究基于虚拟现实的训练与传统训练或基于信息的治疗相比,对老年人(无论其认知水平如何)的全局认知和执行功能的影响。我们使用四个数据库进行了系统的文献检索。共发现了 31 项随机对照试验。计算了汇总效应大小,评估了偏倚风险,并对证据进行了分级。主要分析结果显示,与对照组相比,基于虚拟现实的训练对整体认知(Hedges' g 0.42,95% 置信区间 [0.17,0.68],I2 = 70.1%,n = 876,20 项随机对照试验,低证据)和执行功能(Hedges' g 0.35,95% 置信区间 [0.06,0.65],I2 = 68.4%,n = 810,16 项随机对照试验,极低证据)的影响较小,但具有统计学意义。元回归没有得出结论。在改善老年人认知能力方面,基于虚拟现实的训练可能比对照组更有效;但是,还需要更多高质量的研究。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Aging and Physical Activity
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