Journal of Aging and Physical Activity最新文献

Objective: The aim of this paper was to undertake a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis-accordant meta-analysis comparing exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) in older and younger adults.

Methods: Google Scholar, PubMed, and SPORTDiscus were searched in June 2023 for the terms "ageing" OR "age" OR "middle-aged" OR "old" OR "older" OR "elderly" OR "masters" OR "veteran" AND "muscle damage" OR "exercise-induced muscle damage" OR "exercise-induced muscle injury" OR "contraction-induced injury" OR "muscle soreness" OR "delayed onset muscle soreness" OR "creatine kinase." From 1,092 originally identified titles, 36 studies were included which had an exercise component comparing a younger against an older group. The outcome variables of EIMD were muscle function, muscle soreness, and creatine kinase. A meta-analysis was conducted on change to EIMD after exercise in older versus younger adults using standardized mean difference (SMD) and an inverse-variance random effects model.

Results: Change after 24 and 72 hr, and peak change, in muscle function was not different between old and young (SMD range = -0.16 to -0.35). Muscle soreness was greater in younger than older adults for all comparisons (SMD range = -0.34 to -0.62). Creatine kinase was greater in younger than older adults at 24 hr (SMD = -0.32), as was peak change (SMD = -0.32). A relationship between sex and peak muscle function change was evident for males (SMD = -0.45), but not females (SMD = -0.44). All other meta-regression was nonsignificant.

Conclusion: Advancing age is not associated with greater symptoms of EIMD. The implication of this study is that the older adults can pursue regular physical activity without concern for experiencing greater EIMD.

Background: Improving physical activity and sedentary behaviors can maintain and improve cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and psychosocial function for older adults (≥65 years) but finding acceptable, enjoyable, and safe strategies to achieve this is challenging. The immersive BikeAround technology-which integrates stationary cycling with Google Earth Street View-may be an effective strategy as it enhances acute exercise enjoyment and motivation, but treatment effects, safety, and engagement during prolonged use in free-living environments remain unknown. We evaluated the acceptability of BikeAround among older adults in a retirement village and assessed its preliminary effects on physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, blood pressure, cognitive function, perceived exertion, and balance, and mobility.

Methods: We conducted a single-arm BikeAround acceptability study among older adults living independently in a retirement village. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed to evaluate acceptability and treatment effects on physical activity, and health outcomes, respectively.

Results: Among 20 older adults, BikeAround was acceptable. More than half of the participants showed their intention to use BikeAround again. Statistically significant improvements were observed in the Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test score (Wilcoxon test statistic = 210 and p < .01). There was a positive trend in physical activity participation, but none of the physical activity and sedentary behavior measures showed a statistically significant difference.

Conclusion: BikeAround was acceptable to older people for promoting physical activity in a retirement village, which could have a significant role in their health and well-being.

Objectives: This study evaluated Veterans' motivation and perception of different components of a novel physical therapy (PT) treatment aimed at increasing mobility, motivation, and exercise adoption.

Methods: Patient-satisfaction surveys were administered to middle-aged to older Veterans (≥50 years old) with slow walking speed who completed the 8-week PT treatment. Mixed methods were employed to assess rating-based responses and examine themes derived from open-ended responses.

Results: Twenty-three participants completed the surveys (mean age: 73 years, Short Physical Performance Battery: 8.5, 96% male). Overall, participants were satisfied with the PT treatment (80%), and over 85% responded that the PT treatment met its objectives by improving their mobility. Veterans rated functional power training as challenging and the most valuable component of Live Long Walk Strong mobility training. Factors that influenced Veterans' motivations for meeting their exercise goals, were having a personal goal, a motivated physical therapist, and scheduled appointments. Participants rated aspects of behavioral coaching to be "somewhat useful" or "very useful." Approximately half of the Veterans did not use the exercise journal to keep track of their home exercises. Reasons for not using the exercise journal were feeling busy or already having an exercise routine.

Conclusion: Our results highlight the importance of prescribing challenging and meaningful PT treatment even among mobility-limited Veterans. Veterans may achieve their exercise goals by being instructed by a motivated physical therapist, having personal goals, and scheduling future appointments. There may be individual variability among those who may benefit from aspects of behavioral coaching and may need to be adjusted based on Veteran's needs.

Background/objectives: Adherence to exercise programs is required to reap their established benefits and to sustain Quality of Life (QoL). This study explored People Living with Dementia's (PLWD) adherence to a Tai Chi exercise program and its effects on their QoL. The study included assessment of factors affecting adherence to a Tai Chi exercise intervention, causes of nonadherence, and effect of adherence on PLWD's QoL.

Methods: This study was part of a randomized controlled trial where 41 community-dwelling PLWD received a Tai Chi exercise intervention in addition to usual care for 20 weeks. The measures used in this study included PLWD's QoL, global cognitive function, moderate physical activity, intention and confidence to attend classes, record of PLWD's and their carers' health conditions, and percentages of PLWD's Tai Chi class attendance and home practice during the intervention phase. Multiple linear regression, bivariate correlation, and independent sample t-test analyses were conducted to evaluate associations between these variables.

Results: PLWD's overall percentage of class attendance, M (SD) = 69.19 (29.95), demonstrated high adherence. Moreover, QoL of highly adherent PLWD was significantly higher than low adherents. Among all variables, PLWD's and carers' health conditions (β = -0.64; p < .001, β = -0.38; p < .001, respectively) were the dominating factors that reduced PLWD's Tai Chi adherence, while PLWD's moderate physical activity at baseline (β = 0.27; p = .02) was significant positive predictor. Significance/Implications: PLWD's and their carers' health issues must be addressed to enhance PLWD's exercise adherence and sustain good QoL.

Background/objective: Beta-alanine supplementation increases muscle carnosine content and also improves exercise capacity and performance in young adults, with mixed findings emerging from the few studies investigating its effects on older participants. Therefore, this study aimed to systematically review the evidence regarding the effects of beta-alanine on exercise capacity, muscle strength, and functional performance of older adults.

Methods: This systematic review was conducted following the specific methodological guidelines of the Preferred Report Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale. Furthermore, the Cochrane risk-of-bias assessment tool was used. The search was carried out in five relevant databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library) from inception up to March 2024.

Results: Of the 1,749 registers identified, only five met the established criteria and were included in this systematic review. A total of 163 older adults (mean age ± SD: 69.1 ± 2.8 years; range: 66.2-72.7 years) were included across all five studies. The majority of studies included participants from both genders. The mean intervention duration ± SD was 11.7 ± 1.0 weeks. The mean daily dosage was 2.7 ± 0.4 g/day (range: 2.4-3.2 g/day).

Conclusion: Overall, exercise capacity may be improved following supplementation protocols with dosages ranging from 2.4 to 3.2 g/day. Muscle strength and functional performance do not seem to be improved by beta-alanine since these tasks are not significantly impacted by acidosis buildup.

This systematic review aims to identify the effectiveness of digital health applications (apps) to increase physical activity (PA) or prevent malnutrition in community-dwelling older adults. Searches were conducted in June 2023 across seven electronic databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Excerpta Medica database, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials), and grey literature were searched via google scholar. Data from studies that met the inclusion criteria were extracted. Risk of bias was assessed, and the quality of evidence was evaluated using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation. Meta-analyses were undertaken where appropriate using DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model (Stata version 16.1), or data were described narratively. Twenty-seven studies met the eligibility criteria, although 23 of these had low or unclear risk of bias. Twelve studies considered PA outcomes only, two studies considered nutritional outcomes only, and three studies considered both PA and nutritional components. A meta-analysis comprising six studies (818 participants) showed that those using a digital health app had a higher step count compared with participants in the control group (mean difference = 799, 95% CI [48.76, 1550.08]). Studies looking at nutritional outcomes aimed to increase protein intake or adherence to dietary patterns with mixed findings. Digital health apps have the potential to increase PA in community-dwelling older adults. Digital health app interventions that aim to reduce the risk of malnutrition in older adults is a relatively unexplored area with mixed findings, so more high-quality studies should be prioritized.

Background/objectives: A globally aging population necessitates public health action that supports healthy aging. Although it is well established that participation in physical activity (PA), sport, and active recreation are important for healthy aging, PA levels remain generally lower among older adults. This study examines trends in physical activities that older adults engage in and identifies disparities in activities across subgroups as defined by age, gender, and socioeconomic status.

Methods: Data from two New South Wales survey data sets (New South Wales Population Health Survey and AusPlay) investigated patterns and trends of PA, sport, and active recreation between 2016 and 2021 among adults aged 65+ years. Weighted prevalence estimates of meeting PA guidelines (≥150 min/week of moderate to vigorous PA), weekly minutes spent walking and doing moderate to vigorous PA, and annual participation rates in specific activities were calculated as weighted proportions. Multivariable logistic regression models included age, gender, and socioeconomic status as independent variables.

Results: Between 2016 and 2021, the proportion of older adults meeting PA guidelines increased (37.8%-51.3%). Adults aged 75+ years, older men, and those living in the least disadvantaged areas experienced greater increases in moderate to vigorous PA.

Conclusions: Older adults' reported PA levels have increased in recent years, highlighting opportunities to prioritize PA promotion in the global agenda to support healthy and active aging. Significance/Implications: This study offers insights into recent trends and noteworthy increases in PA, sport, and active recreation among older Australian adults. These can assist policymakers in developing, evaluating, and implementing population-wide strategies to maintain improved activity levels.

Background/objectives: Mobile robotic telepresence could be used to remotely supervise physical activity programs. Our study aims to explore the feasibility, acceptance, and usability of a physical activity program offered synchronously via a mobile robotic telepresence platform.

Methods: For this interventional study, five Cutii robots were made available in two residences for older adults in Quebec. Participants received the exercise program, two sessions per week for 4-6 weeks, delivered remotely via the robot. The following feasibility indicators were collected during the study, as recommended by Thabane et al.: process, resources, management, and intervention. Acceptance and usability of the technology were measured using the extended version of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology-based questionnaire and the System Usability Scale, respectively.

Results: Eighty percent of participants completed the protocol, and 58% of participants attended 80% of the sessions. Various technical problems (internet connection and technology issues) limited the usability and acceptance of the technology.

Conclusion: The results revealed that the program was feasible according to the process, management, and intervention indicators but unsatisfactory in terms of resources. For some participants, minor modifications were needed to improve technology support and facilitate connection to the mobile robotic telepresence. Further studies will need to focus on the evaluation of the effectiveness of this type of intervention.

Implications: These results emphasize the importance of continuing research evaluating the opportunities provided by new technologies to enhance older adults' engagement in physical activity and inform clinicians and policymakers to improve future services in this domain.

Background: Research suggests associations between physical activity, sedentary behavior, sleep, and metabolic syndrome, but most has focused on healthy populations and individual behaviors. We investigated associations of 24-hr movement behavior compositions with cardiometabolic risk factors and metabolic syndrome in adults receiving rehabilitation for other health conditions.

Method: This cross-sectional study assessed 24-hr movement behaviors using thigh-worn accelerometers and metabolic outcomes via blood analyses in 145 adults attending outpatient rehabilitation. Regression models tested associations of five 24-hr time-use behaviors (time in bed, sedentary time, standing, light-intensity stepping, and moderate- to vigorous-intensity stepping) with cardiometabolic risk factors and metabolic syndrome severity score (a cumulative measure of risk derived from metabolic risk factors).

Results: Participants (64 [SD 12] years old; 52% women; 66% with metabolic syndrome, with 6 [SD 0.7] days of 24-hr data) spent 41% of a 24-hr day sedentary, 15% standing, 3% in light-intensity stepping, 2% in moderate- to vigorous-intensity stepping, and 38% in bed. Adjusted models indicated that a higher proportion of light-intensity stepping was associated with lower triglycerides, more time in bed was associated with a higher metabolic syndrome severity score, and more time stepping was associated with a lower metabolic syndrome severity score. There was no evidence of associations between the overall compositions and outcomes.

Conclusion: The consistently observed small proportions of physical activity, with lack of variation between participants, may not be sufficient to counteract the impact of high sedentary time on metabolic outcomes in adults attending outpatient rehabilitation.

Implications: Future research may focus on exploring ways to increase light-intensity stepping in sedentary older adults with various health conditions.