Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing最新文献_第10页

A novel method for improving the long-term stability of inertial devices based on model prediction

IF 7.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing

Pub Date : 2025-02-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymssp.2025.112492

Jie Yang , Xinlong Wang , Guanghao Nie

The long-term stability (LTS) of inertial devices refers to their ability to maintain consistent performance parameters over a long period. For inertial devices with poor LTS, there is a significant difference between the actual values of their performance parameters and the originally calibrated values, which severely restricts their measurement accuracy. The LTS improvement methods based on hardware structure are technically difficult, time-consuming, and costly; while those based on accelerated test are prone to device damage and have high testing costs. Therefore, a model prediction-based method for improving the LTS of inertial devices is proposed. By analyzing the internal and external factors that affect the LTS of inertial devices, the time-varying mechanism of their performance parameters is revealed, and the Wiener process suitable for describing the time-varying characteristics of performance parameters is obtained. Furthermore, a Wiener process model identification method is proposed, and a novel online prediction scheme for inertial device performance parameters is designed. Experimental results show that the proposed method reduces the error of inertial device performance parameters by 70.00 %–88.42 %, and shortens the stability period of inertial measurement unit (IMU) from 6-9 months to 2–3 months, significantly improving the accuracy and LTS of IMU.

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引用次数: 0

A lumped-parameter model for stick–slip vibration in train brake systems considering hexagonal friction block sizes

IF 7.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing

Pub Date : 2025-02-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymssp.2025.112486

Qixiang Zhang , Huajiang Ouyang , Hang Liu , Jiliang Mo , Bin Tang , Song Zhu , Wenwei Jin

This study introduces a lumped-parameter dynamic model considering the geometric characteristics of friction blocks to elucidate the stick–slip vibration in high-speed train brake systems. Taking hexagonal friction blocks in train brake pads as an example, the model integrates their geometric and uneven contact pressure characteristics. A multiscale modeling approach combining fractal contact theory and discrete Iwan model was proposed to describe contact behavior, and a Switch model was employed to simulate stick–slip friction. The variations in stick–slip responses of hexagonal friction blocks of different sizes were analyzed by inputting derived equivalent parameters into the dynamic model. The model was validated using a high-speed train brake simulation test bench, with tests conducted for various friction block sizes. Theoretical and experimental results showed good agreement, confirming the effectiveness of the model. The findings indicate that friction block geometry significantly influences the stick–slip vibration. Larger blocks with increased contact area and mass, improve pressure distribution, increase equivalent contact stiffness, and enhance elastic recovery from minor deformations, thereby reducing nonlinear effects and resulting in a smoother sliding process that mitigates stick–slip vibration. The model provides insights into friction-induced vibration mechanisms and aids in optimizing brake pad design in brake systems.

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引用次数: 0

Experimental Modal Analysis and variability assessment in Cross-laminated Timber

IF 7.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing

Pub Date : 2025-02-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymssp.2025.112466

Benjamin Bondsman , Andrew Peplow

Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA) plays a crucial role in understanding the dynamic responses of structures to vibration by extracting their modal parameters such as natural frequencies and modal damping and vibration modes. These parameters are essential for assessing structural performance and identifying potential vulnerabilities. As the construction industry embraces sustainable materials, Cross-laminated Timber (CLT) has become a sustainable alternative to traditional materials like reinforced concrete and steel. However, the inherent variability of wood, resulting from factors such as growth conditions, fibre structure, and moisture content, introduces significant fluctuations in the dynamic response of CLT. This variability presents challenges in the broader application of CLT in construction. Despite its increasing use in multistory buildings, a comprehensive assessment of its vibrational characteristics remains incomplete. This study addresses this gap by identifying the dispersion in CLT’s transfer functions and modal parameters through EMA. A CLT slab was divided into 24 nominally identical beam-like substructures, composed of outer layers of Norway spruce and a middle layer of Scots pine. EMA was performed in a broad frequency spectrum along three principal directions, revealing notable variability in resonance frequencies, modal damping, and vibration transfer functions. The study also examines the distinct characteristics of the bending, torsional, and axial vibration modes, providing deeper insights into the variability between the different modes. The findings of this article contribute to a more refined understanding of the dynamic properties of CLT and their associated variability.

实验模态分析（EMA）通过提取结构的模态参数，如固有频率、模态阻尼和振动模式，在了解结构对振动的动态响应方面发挥着至关重要的作用。这些参数对于评估结构性能和识别潜在漏洞至关重要。随着建筑行业对可持续材料的青睐，交叉层压木材（CLT）已成为钢筋混凝土和钢材等传统材料的可持续替代品。然而，木材因生长条件、纤维结构和含水率等因素而产生的固有可变性，会给 CLT 的动态响应带来显著波动。这种可变性给 CLT 在建筑中的广泛应用带来了挑战。尽管 CLT 在多层建筑中的应用越来越广泛，但对其振动特性的全面评估仍不完整。本研究通过 EMA 确定了 CLT 传递函数和模态参数的离散性，从而弥补了这一不足。CLT 板被分成 24 个名义上相同的梁状子结构，由外层挪威云杉和中层苏格兰松木组成。EMA 在三个主要方向的宽频谱中进行，揭示了共振频率、模态阻尼和振动传递函数的显著变化。研究还考察了弯曲、扭转和轴向振动模式的不同特征，为深入了解不同模式之间的可变性提供了依据。本文的研究结果有助于更深入地了解 CLT 的动态特性及其相关的可变性。

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引用次数: 0

Refined frequency monitoring based on characteristic excitation with application to early fault diagnosis of thin plate damage

IF 7.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing

Pub Date : 2025-02-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymssp.2025.112432

Zhihao Wang, Hui Shi, Zengshou Dong, Xinyu Wen, Wang Jia, Ruijie Zhang

This article presents a cascade-structured refined frequency monitoring (RFM) method for high-resolution detection with application to early fault diagnosis of thin plate table. Specifically, in frequency monitoring, the proposed RFM framework fully excites characteristic information from vibration signal subjected to uncertainty and noise, which achieves online monitoring for frequency slight change. The adaptive detection threshold is systematically exploited based on the priori information. As a solving skill for monitoring and diagnosis problems, proposed method has two significant advantages over previous methods. First, frequency monitoring is reformulated into a parameter estimation problem associated with the characteristic equation. This procedure aims to decouple frequency from amplitude and phase, which reduces the dependence of the diagnosis on the parameters. Moreover, by combining the benefits of characteristic observer and tracker, frequency resolution can be improved through effective suppression of uncertainty and noise. Secondly, the synthesis strategy of frequency monitoring and fault detection is developed to potentially enhance the reliability of the diagnostic algorithm. Meanwhile, the proposed method can be incorporated into fault-tolerant controller to implement the integrated technology. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is tested by numerical simulations and platform experiments.

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引用次数: 0

Autonomous energy-based model order selection in parameter state space identification via cross Gramian and symmetrizer

IF 7.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing

Pub Date : 2025-02-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymssp.2025.112452

Max Moeller , Armin Lenzen

Subspace system identification is a well known process for modeling complex dynamical systems based on measured data. A key challenge in this domain is determining the dimensionality of the state space, if it is immeasurable, which is critical for estimating a reliable model. Classically, a stabilization diagram is created to select the appropriate model order, which involves subjective human judgment. This can lead to inconsistencies and errors. This paper presents a novel approach to select the model order, called Autonomous Model Order Selection (AMOS), that takes into account the estimated energy of the states. This method utilizes the cross Gramian, which captures the interaction between the system’s states and it is input/output dynamics, and a symmetrizer. The energy error is proposed as a measure to quantify the quality of the approximation of the identified system with respect to the observed measurement. A less subjective and more systematic measure is provided, validated by a simulation and real laboratory measurements of a bending beam. The proposed method is limited to square systems (the number of inputs is equal to the number of outputs).

子空间系统识别是基于测量数据对复杂动态系统建模的一个众所周知的过程。该领域的一个关键挑战是确定状态空间的维度（如果它是不可测量的），这对估算可靠的模型至关重要。一般来说，创建稳定图是为了选择适当的模型顺序，这涉及到人的主观判断。这可能导致不一致和错误。本文提出了一种选择模型阶次的新方法，称为自主模型阶次选择法（AMOS），它考虑了状态的估计能量。该方法利用交叉格拉米安和对称器来捕捉系统状态与输入/输出动态之间的相互作用。能量误差被认为是量化已识别系统与观测测量结果近似质量的一种方法。通过对弯曲梁的模拟和实际实验室测量进行验证，提供了一种主观性较弱、系统性较强的测量方法。所提议的方法仅限于方形系统（输入数等于输出数）。

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引用次数: 0

Noncontact elastography of soft material using a laser profilometer with airpuff excitation

IF 7.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing

Pub Date : 2025-02-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymssp.2025.112465

Xiao Chen , Yichu Chen , Wei Yu , Sanming Hu , Pengcheng Li

Elasticity is a fundamental property of materials, and recent advancements in wave-based elastography have revealed significant potential for various biomedical and engineering applications, including biomedical imaging, nondestructive evaluation, and structural health monitoring. However, the implementation of elastography requires high-precision imaging systems, which limits its broader applicability. The laser profilometer, a conventional and cost-effective device that operates based on laser triangulation measurement, has been widely utilized in industrial applications for assessing surface profiles. However, its application in elastography has not been previously explored. This study represents, to the best of our knowledge, the first attempt to adapt a laser profilometer for measuring the elasticity of soft materials. A simple and noncontact method for measuring elasticity has been established utilizing the laser profilometer to track the propagation of surface waves on soft materials when excited by an airpuff. The results demonstrate that laser profilometer elastography can track the propagation of surface waves with a broad spectrum following a single airpuff excitation. The temporal separation of wave propagation from the reflected waves enables precise calculation of the propagation velocity of surface waves. The surface wave velocities measured by laser profilometer elastography and laser speckle elastography show strong agreement with a correlation coefficient of 0.997. Additionally, the shear elastic modulus of agarose phantoms has been validated by comparing the results obtained from a rotary rheometer. This approach improves the noncontact elastic measurement capabilities of traditional laser profilometers by only utilizing an airpuff system. Therefore, it has the potential to expand a new application of laser profilometers and be widely utilized for elasticity measurement in both biomedical and industrial applications.

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引用次数: 0

A hierarchical Dirichlet process for the background interference suppression to improve the microphone array imaging results

IF 7.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing

Pub Date : 2025-02-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymssp.2025.112463

Liang Yu , Mingsheng Lyu , Yongli Zhang , Ran Wang , Yong Fang , Weikang Jiang

Aerodynamic and aeroacoustic measurements in the wind tunnel are essential for the structural design and optimization of the aircraft. Microphone arrays are widely used in wind tunnels for the identification of aircraft noise sources, where the arrays are exposed to strong background interference. Meanwhile, the background interference is varied in different non-anechoic chamber acoustic experiments, and background interference directly affects the identification of noise sources. A generalized array denoising algorithm is proposed to address the interference problem. A hierarchical Dirichlet process is developed to deal with background interference that has non-independent and non-identical distribution characteristics between different microphone channels. At the same time, the sound source signal is also modelled based on its low-rank characteristic. All involved parameters in the model are estimated by the variational Bayesian algorithm. Then, the source signal can be separated from complex background interference. The denoising algorithm is also applied in simulations and wind tunnel experiments to verify its effectiveness and robustness in suppressing complex background interference suppression.

风洞中的空气动力和空气声学测量对于飞机的结构设计和优化至关重要。风洞中广泛使用传声器阵列来识别飞机噪声源，而在风洞中，传声器阵列会受到强烈的背景干扰。同时，在不同的非消声室声学实验中，背景干扰是不同的，背景干扰直接影响噪声源的识别。针对干扰问题，提出了一种广义阵列去噪算法。背景干扰在不同传声器通道之间具有非独立和非相同的分布特征，因此开发了一种分层 Dirichlet 过程来处理背景干扰。同时，声源信号也根据其低秩特征进行建模。模型中涉及的所有参数都通过变异贝叶斯算法进行估计。然后，声源信号就能从复杂的背景干扰中分离出来。该去噪算法还被应用于模拟和风洞实验，以验证其在抑制复杂背景干扰抑制方面的有效性和鲁棒性。

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引用次数: 0

Expectation–maximization-based Kalman filter under colored measurement noise for INS-based integrated human localization

IF 7.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing

Pub Date : 2025-02-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymssp.2025.112461

Yuan Xu , Ruohan Yang , Yuan Zhuang , Kaixin Liu , Xiyuan Chen , Mingxu Sun

An increasing number of fields are using precise location these days. However, colored measurement noise (CMN) can affect the localization accuracy of data-fusion filters. The aim of this research is to present an adaptive Kalman filter (KF) that employs the approach of expectation maximization (EM) within a CMN framework for integrated human localization based on inertial navigation systems (INSs). Herein, an INS-based integrated model under CMN is derived, which employs the backward Euler method to reduce the influence of CMN. In this model, we use EM to enhance the accuracy of estimating noise statistics for KFs under CMN (cKFs). Further, an adaptive strategy based on the Mahalanobis distance is proposed, which can render KFs with high adaptability under actual positioning environments. The results of two real-world tests indicate that the proposed adaptive cEM-KF (cEM-KF: EM-based KF under CMN) outperforms the conventional KF, cKF, and cEM-KF with regard to position localization.

如今，越来越多的领域开始使用精确定位技术。然而，彩色测量噪声（CMN）会影响数据融合滤波器的定位精度。本研究旨在提出一种自适应卡尔曼滤波器（KF），在 CMN 框架内采用期望最大化（EM）方法，用于基于惯性导航系统（INS）的综合人类定位。本文推导了 CMN 下基于 INS 的综合模型，该模型采用了后向欧拉法来减少 CMN 的影响。在该模型中，我们使用 EM 来提高 CMN 下 KF（cKF）噪声统计的估计精度。此外，我们还提出了一种基于 Mahalanobis 距离的自适应策略，可以使 KF 在实际定位环境下具有较高的适应性。两个实际测试的结果表明，所提出的自适应 cEM-KF（cEM-KF：CMN 下基于 EM 的 KF）在位置定位方面优于传统的 KF、cKF 和 cEM-KF。

引用次数: 0

Research on fault characteristics and signal transfer path mechanism of the gear transmission system

IF 7.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing

Pub Date : 2025-02-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymssp.2025.112471

Pu Gao , Qi Yan , Hui Liu , Changle Xiang , Ke Chen

The structure of the gear transmission system is complex, the working conditions are changeable, and the system fault forms are various, which leads to the difficulty of diagnosis, identification and location of typical faults. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out research on the fault characteristics and path transmission mechanism of the gear transmission system. In this paper, various fault models for key components, including gears, splines, and bearings, are established. The research then proceeds to analyze the mapping law of typical fault characteristics in the frequency domain. Subsequently, the Operational Transfer Path Analysis (OTPA) method is employed to construct the transfer rate matrix for the gear system. Furthermore, the OTPA model is refined through the use of singular value decomposition (SVD) and principal component analysis (PCA). Ultimately, the fault signal transmission paths are examined within a specific system, and the contribution of different frequency bands for each path is calculated. By sequencing these contributions, the dominant transfer path for fault signal transfer is identified. Additionally, an evaluation mechanism for the transfer path is established, providing theoretical guidance for the arrangement of the surface of a typical fault-sensitive measurement point system. This research strongly supports the ongoing investigation into fault diagnosis, operation, and maintenance of gear transmission systems.

齿轮传动系统结构复杂，工况多变，系统故障形式多样，导致典型故障诊断、识别和定位困难。因此，有必要对齿轮传动系统的故障特征和路径传递机理进行研究。本文建立了齿轮、花键和轴承等关键部件的各种故障模型。研究进而分析了典型故障特征在频域中的映射规律。随后，采用运行传递路径分析 (OTPA) 方法构建齿轮系统的传递率矩阵。此外，还通过使用奇异值分解（SVD）和主成分分析（PCA）来完善 OTPA 模型。最后，对特定系统内的故障信号传输路径进行检查，并计算出每条路径的不同频段贡献率。通过对这些贡献进行排序，确定故障信号传输的主要传输路径。此外，还建立了传输路径的评估机制，为典型故障敏感测量点系统的表面布置提供了理论指导。这项研究为正在进行的齿轮传动系统故障诊断、运行和维护调查提供了有力支持。

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引用次数: 0

Influence of leakage during cyclic pneumatic braking on the dynamic behavior of heavy-haul trains

IF 7.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing

Pub Date : 2025-02-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymssp.2025.112490

Kaizhong Liu , Zhiwei Wang , Mingtao Zhang , Yao Luo , Yukun Wang , Yanfei Shen , Weihua Zhang

The pneumatic braking system (PBS) is a critical component in the cyclic braking process of heavy-haul trains (HHTs) in China. However, when a leakage fault occurs in the PBS, the dynamic behavior of the HHT becomes exceedingly complex. To investigate the impact of leakage on the dynamic behavior of HHTs, a PBS model based on fluid dynamics principles is first developed. The leakage in the brake pipe and the characteristics of the brake wave are considered in the PBS model, and the boundary conditions of the brake pipe under leakage are derived. Subsequently, a HHT longitudinal-vertical coupled dynamic model integrating the PBS is established. The dynamic interactions between the longitudinal and vertical motions in the vehicle system are comprehensively involved. Then, a joint simulation of the PBS and HHT dynamics system is conducted in this study to reveal the dynamics performance of HHTs more realistically. The PBS model is validated using a PBS test facility. Finally, the effects of different leakage rates on the longitudinal train impulse, wheel-rail interaction, and vehicle vibration of HHTs during cyclic braking are analyzed sequentially. The results indicate that leakage worsens the longitudinal impulse during the release process, resulting in a heightened coupler tensile force. The longitudinal wheel-rail interaction is significantly affected by the leakage, particularly in rear-train vehicles. Additionally, the leakage amplifies vehicle vibrations during cyclic braking, with the greatest effects observed in middle-train vehicles. These results offer important insights for optimizing the design of PBS and ensuring the safe operation of HHT.

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引用次数: 0