Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.1007/s11663-023-02959-2
Jun Li, Lei Wang, Chenyang Xing, Yu Zhang, Bo Wang, Jieyu Zhang
{"title":"Effect of Inflow Mode and Parameters on Temperature and Phase Transition of Wires During Isothermal Quenching in Molten Salt Bath","authors":"Jun Li, Lei Wang, Chenyang Xing, Yu Zhang, Bo Wang, Jieyu Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s11663-023-02959-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-023-02959-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51126,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B-Process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134957705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.1007/s11663-023-02955-6
Sonja Pöyhtäri, Juhani Ruokoja, Eetu-Pekka Heikkinen, Anne Heikkilä, Tommi Kokkonen, Pekka Tynjälä
Abstract A review on the hydrogen reduction kinetics of NiO, NiCO 3, and Ni(OH) 2 hydrogen was conducted, and the most significant experimental values and results were summarized from the past two decades. Isothermal hydrogen reduction experiments of NiO, NiCO 3, and, Ni(OH) 2 experiments were carried out at 300 °C, 400 °C, and 500 °C, and the obtained data were fitted to multiple different solid-state kinetic models in order to compare the suitability of the models. Non-isothermal reduction in H 2 (0 °C $$to $$ → 900 °C) showed the decomposition of NiCO 3 at a temperature range of 230 °C to 300 °C and Ni(OH) 2 at 220 °C to 300 °C. The calculated E a values for NiCO 3 , Ni(OH) 2, and NiO varied between 30 and 35, 36 and 37, and 21 and 26 kJ/mol, respectively. Most of the used models were well fitted making the choice of unequivocally the best suitable model difficult and the identification of the mechanism behind the reaction. It was concluded that an increase in temperature accelerates the reduction process, and the reaction rate-controlling mechanism requires more extensive investigation.
{"title":"Kinetic Analysis of Hydrogen Reduction of Nickel Compounds","authors":"Sonja Pöyhtäri, Juhani Ruokoja, Eetu-Pekka Heikkinen, Anne Heikkilä, Tommi Kokkonen, Pekka Tynjälä","doi":"10.1007/s11663-023-02955-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-023-02955-6","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A review on the hydrogen reduction kinetics of NiO, NiCO 3, and Ni(OH) 2 hydrogen was conducted, and the most significant experimental values and results were summarized from the past two decades. Isothermal hydrogen reduction experiments of NiO, NiCO 3, and, Ni(OH) 2 experiments were carried out at 300 °C, 400 °C, and 500 °C, and the obtained data were fitted to multiple different solid-state kinetic models in order to compare the suitability of the models. Non-isothermal reduction in H 2 (0 °C $$to $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> </mml:math> 900 °C) showed the decomposition of NiCO 3 at a temperature range of 230 °C to 300 °C and Ni(OH) 2 at 220 °C to 300 °C. The calculated E a values for NiCO 3 , Ni(OH) 2, and NiO varied between 30 and 35, 36 and 37, and 21 and 26 kJ/mol, respectively. Most of the used models were well fitted making the choice of unequivocally the best suitable model difficult and the identification of the mechanism behind the reaction. It was concluded that an increase in temperature accelerates the reduction process, and the reaction rate-controlling mechanism requires more extensive investigation.","PeriodicalId":51126,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B-Process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134956991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.1007/s11663-023-02951-w
Haoxin Liu, Yanyun Zhang, Ming Zhong, Yingchao Feng, Jinping Liu, Cong Wang
{"title":"Exploring Cr and O Transfer Mechanisms in the Weld Metal of P92 Heat-Resistant Steel Processed by CaF2-Cr2O3 Fluxes","authors":"Haoxin Liu, Yanyun Zhang, Ming Zhong, Yingchao Feng, Jinping Liu, Cong Wang","doi":"10.1007/s11663-023-02951-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-023-02951-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51126,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B-Process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134957708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-13DOI: 10.1007/s11663-023-02953-8
Konstantinos Rigas, Bernd Willers, Sven Eckert, Björn Glaser
Abstract In recent years there is an attempt to control the gas stirring intensity in metal-making ladles with the aid of vibration measurements. Understanding better the induced vibrations in two-phase flows can substantially improve the existing models for gas stirring control. In this work, highly sensitive accelerometers were used for the vibration measurements in a liquid metal alloy; Sn–40 wt pctBi alloy at 200 °C and water at 20 °C. The examination of the liquids was conducted in the ladle mockup integrated into the Liquid Metal Model for Steel Casting facility at Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf. Single bubbles were generated in the respective liquids by controlled argon injection at low flow rates in the range of 0.01 to 0.15 NL min −1 through a single nozzle installed at the bottom of the ladle. Obtained results demonstrate differences between the induced vibrations in the examined liquids in terms of the magnitude of the root mean square values of vibration amplitude and the shape of the resulting curves with increasing flow rate. Furthermore, continuous wavelet transform reveals variations in the duration and vibrational frequency of the evolved bubble phenomena. The findings suggest that differences in the physical properties of the examined liquids result in variations in the vibrations induced during bubble evolution.
{"title":"Vibrations Analysis of Bubble Evolution in Liquids of Varying Physical Properties","authors":"Konstantinos Rigas, Bernd Willers, Sven Eckert, Björn Glaser","doi":"10.1007/s11663-023-02953-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-023-02953-8","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In recent years there is an attempt to control the gas stirring intensity in metal-making ladles with the aid of vibration measurements. Understanding better the induced vibrations in two-phase flows can substantially improve the existing models for gas stirring control. In this work, highly sensitive accelerometers were used for the vibration measurements in a liquid metal alloy; Sn–40 wt pctBi alloy at 200 °C and water at 20 °C. The examination of the liquids was conducted in the ladle mockup integrated into the Liquid Metal Model for Steel Casting facility at Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf. Single bubbles were generated in the respective liquids by controlled argon injection at low flow rates in the range of 0.01 to 0.15 NL min −1 through a single nozzle installed at the bottom of the ladle. Obtained results demonstrate differences between the induced vibrations in the examined liquids in terms of the magnitude of the root mean square values of vibration amplitude and the shape of the resulting curves with increasing flow rate. Furthermore, continuous wavelet transform reveals variations in the duration and vibrational frequency of the evolved bubble phenomena. The findings suggest that differences in the physical properties of the examined liquids result in variations in the vibrations induced during bubble evolution.","PeriodicalId":51126,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B-Process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136282360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-13DOI: 10.1007/s11663-023-02961-8
Quanlei Zhou, Wen Yang, Ying Ren, Lifeng Zhang
{"title":"On the Microstructure and MnS Precipitation in a High Sulfur Steel Based on Directional Solidification: The Effect of Cooling Rate","authors":"Quanlei Zhou, Wen Yang, Ying Ren, Lifeng Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s11663-023-02961-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-023-02961-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51126,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B-Process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136282193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-13DOI: 10.1007/s11663-023-02946-7
D. C. Nababan, R. Mukhlis, Y. Durandet, L. H. Prentice, W. D. A. Rickard, M. I. Pownceby, M. A. Rhamdhani
{"title":"Recycling of LiCoO2 Battery Cathode Material Through Aluminothermic Reduction Using Aluminum Waste Chips","authors":"D. C. Nababan, R. Mukhlis, Y. Durandet, L. H. Prentice, W. D. A. Rickard, M. I. Pownceby, M. A. Rhamdhani","doi":"10.1007/s11663-023-02946-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-023-02946-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51126,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B-Process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136281801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-10DOI: 10.1007/s11663-023-02952-9
Md Khairul Islam, Michael Somerville, Mark I. Pownceby, James Tardio, Suresh Bhargava, Nawshad Haque
Abstract Ternary master slags based on the CaO-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 system with CaO/SiO 2 (C/S) ratio 0.3–1.0 were doped with 5–20 wt pct of anhydrous borax (Na 2 B 4 O 7 ) to study the phase equilibria of the quinary CaO-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 -Na 2 O-B 2 O 3 slag system within the temperature range 1050–1350 °C. This research uses the well-known method of high temperature equilibration of slags followed by rapid quenching. The quenched slag samples were examined using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Wavelength Dispersive Electron Probe Microanalysis (WD-EPMA) technique to determine the structure and to analyse the chemistry of the phases in equilibrium. The primary phase of 15 slag compositions was identified and the liquidus temperature of the slags were determined within an uncertainty range of ±10–20 °C by using an iterative approach. Overall, the liquidus temperature of slags decreased with increasing borax content with the highest liquidus reduction observed in slags having a C/S ratio 0.3 and the lowest in the slag series with C/S ratio of 1.0. A comparative analysis of the effect of borax, Na 2 O and B 2 O 3 on the liquidus temperature of slags is discussed. Results indicated that although borax reduces the liquidus of ternary CaO-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 slags, the addition of B 2 O 3 individually showed more prominent effects than borax in reducing the slag liquidus. Anorthite (CaO.Al 2 O 3 .2SiO 2 ), pseudowollastonite (CaO.SiO 2 ) and gehlenite (2CaO.Al 2 O 3 .SiO 2 ) primary phases were identified.
{"title":"Experimental Phase Equilibria and Liquidus of CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-Na2O-B2O3 Slags Relevant to E-waste Processing","authors":"Md Khairul Islam, Michael Somerville, Mark I. Pownceby, James Tardio, Suresh Bhargava, Nawshad Haque","doi":"10.1007/s11663-023-02952-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-023-02952-9","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Ternary master slags based on the CaO-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 system with CaO/SiO 2 (C/S) ratio 0.3–1.0 were doped with 5–20 wt pct of anhydrous borax (Na 2 B 4 O 7 ) to study the phase equilibria of the quinary CaO-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 -Na 2 O-B 2 O 3 slag system within the temperature range 1050–1350 °C. This research uses the well-known method of high temperature equilibration of slags followed by rapid quenching. The quenched slag samples were examined using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Wavelength Dispersive Electron Probe Microanalysis (WD-EPMA) technique to determine the structure and to analyse the chemistry of the phases in equilibrium. The primary phase of 15 slag compositions was identified and the liquidus temperature of the slags were determined within an uncertainty range of ±10–20 °C by using an iterative approach. Overall, the liquidus temperature of slags decreased with increasing borax content with the highest liquidus reduction observed in slags having a C/S ratio 0.3 and the lowest in the slag series with C/S ratio of 1.0. A comparative analysis of the effect of borax, Na 2 O and B 2 O 3 on the liquidus temperature of slags is discussed. Results indicated that although borax reduces the liquidus of ternary CaO-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 slags, the addition of B 2 O 3 individually showed more prominent effects than borax in reducing the slag liquidus. Anorthite (CaO.Al 2 O 3 .2SiO 2 ), pseudowollastonite (CaO.SiO 2 ) and gehlenite (2CaO.Al 2 O 3 .SiO 2 ) primary phases were identified.","PeriodicalId":51126,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B-Process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135093005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-10DOI: 10.1007/s11663-023-02921-2
Georg Reiss, Werner Eßl, Raluca Andreea Trasca, Claudia Mugrauer, Mihaela Stefan-Kharicha, Abdellah Kharicha, Eva Gerold, Frank Goodwin
{"title":"Development of a Dross Build-Up Growth Process Model for Hot-Dip Galvanizing Considering Surface Reaction Kinetics","authors":"Georg Reiss, Werner Eßl, Raluca Andreea Trasca, Claudia Mugrauer, Mihaela Stefan-Kharicha, Abdellah Kharicha, Eva Gerold, Frank Goodwin","doi":"10.1007/s11663-023-02921-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-023-02921-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51126,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B-Process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135092254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-08DOI: 10.1007/s11663-023-02956-5
Yumi Katasho, Tetsuo Oishi, Geir Martin Haarberg
{"title":"Electrochemical Formation of Calcium Hexaboride and Boronizing of Metal Electrodes in CaCl2-Based Molten Salt","authors":"Yumi Katasho, Tetsuo Oishi, Geir Martin Haarberg","doi":"10.1007/s11663-023-02956-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-023-02956-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51126,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B-Process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135341193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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