Pub Date : 2023-09-11DOI: 10.1007/s11663-023-02890-6
Likun Long, Chaoyi Chen, Junqi Li, Linzhu Wang, Xiang Li
{"title":"New Insights Into the Formation Mechanism of TiN–Al2O3 Composite Inclusions in Nickel-Based Superalloys Based on Density Functional Theory","authors":"Likun Long, Chaoyi Chen, Junqi Li, Linzhu Wang, Xiang Li","doi":"10.1007/s11663-023-02890-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-023-02890-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51126,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B-Process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135938864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-10DOI: 10.1007/s11663-023-02869-3
Cheng Zhong, Xuechong Ren, Kai Fu, Benli Luan
{"title":"Effect of Thermal Aging on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Inconel 625 Superalloy Fabricated by High-Speed Laser Metal Deposition","authors":"Cheng Zhong, Xuechong Ren, Kai Fu, Benli Luan","doi":"10.1007/s11663-023-02869-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-023-02869-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51126,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B-Process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135553077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-27DOI: 10.1007/s11663-023-02871-9
Xingbang Wan, Dmitry Sukhomlinov, Pekka Taskinen, Mari Lindgren, Radoslaw Michallik, Ari Jokilaakso
Abstract Arsenic is a common impurity element in sulfide concentrates. It tends to accumulate in the flue dust of smelting furnace due to the volatility and internal circulation of the flue dust practiced in the smelting-converting process chain. The only outlets for arsenic are anodes and discard slag. Arsenic condensation in dust-free conditions was studied below 800 °C where the gas atmosphere was controlled by SO 2 -air-N 2 gas mixtures. Based on these experimental results, we confirm the kinetically constrained formation mechanism of the arsenic-containing dust, and its speciation into metallic, oxidic (III, V), and sulfidic species. The influences of temperature and atmosphere on the speciation of arsenic were compared with industrial data and discussed. Graphical Abstract Condensed arsenic‐bearing particles collected by electrophoretic forces on the surface of fused SiO 2 in SO 2 ‐O 2 atmospheres: the crystal morphology shows euhedrally facetted As 2 O 3 crystals and initially molten As‐OS alloy droplets together with poorly crystallized AsS x particles.
砷是硫化物精矿中常见的杂质元素。由于熔炼转化过程中烟道粉尘的挥发性和内循环，易在冶炼炉膛烟道粉尘中积累。砷的唯一出口是阳极和废渣。研究了在800℃以下无尘条件下砷的冷凝过程，其中气体气氛由so2 -空气- n2混合气体控制。基于这些实验结果，我们确认了含砷粉尘的动力学约束形成机制，并确定了含砷粉尘的金属、氧化(III、V)和硫化物形态。比较了温度和大气对砷形态的影响，并与工业数据进行了讨论。在so2 - O - 2气氛下，电泳力在熔融二氧化硅表面收集了浓缩的含砷颗粒:晶体形态表现为自面状的As - O - 3晶体和初始熔融的As - OS合金液滴以及结晶不良的asx颗粒。
{"title":"Arsenic Condensation and Reaction Mechanisms in Flash Smelting Off-Gas Line Conditions","authors":"Xingbang Wan, Dmitry Sukhomlinov, Pekka Taskinen, Mari Lindgren, Radoslaw Michallik, Ari Jokilaakso","doi":"10.1007/s11663-023-02871-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-023-02871-9","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Arsenic is a common impurity element in sulfide concentrates. It tends to accumulate in the flue dust of smelting furnace due to the volatility and internal circulation of the flue dust practiced in the smelting-converting process chain. The only outlets for arsenic are anodes and discard slag. Arsenic condensation in dust-free conditions was studied below 800 °C where the gas atmosphere was controlled by SO 2 -air-N 2 gas mixtures. Based on these experimental results, we confirm the kinetically constrained formation mechanism of the arsenic-containing dust, and its speciation into metallic, oxidic (III, V), and sulfidic species. The influences of temperature and atmosphere on the speciation of arsenic were compared with industrial data and discussed. Graphical Abstract Condensed arsenic‐bearing particles collected by electrophoretic forces on the surface of fused SiO 2 in SO 2 ‐O 2 atmospheres: the crystal morphology shows euhedrally facetted As 2 O 3 crystals and initially molten As‐OS alloy droplets together with poorly crystallized AsS x particles.","PeriodicalId":51126,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B-Process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science","volume":"239 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135657051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-30DOI: 10.1007/s11663-023-02812-6
Sindre Engzelius Gylver, Kristian Etienne Einarsrud
Abstract Efficient feeding and dissolution of alumina are necessary in order to maintain a stable Hall–Héroult process. One dose of alumina contains several thousand grains, and simulating the motion of individual particles is in practice impossible. The current work proposes to model the alumina dose through a continuous formulation, using the µ (I)-rheology. The rheology is implemented as a viscosity model in OpenFOAM and initial verification cases showed an average deviation below 0.1 pct, and a benchmark case had an average deviation of 7.4 pct. A parametric study, where grains were simulated to collapse on a flat surface identified the two rheology parameters $$mu _2$$ μ2 and $$I_{text{0}}$$ I0 to be of particular importance, accounting for more than 70 pct of the variation seen. Finally, three-phase cases simulating the feeding of a dose in cryolite were conducted, and the µ (I)-rheology was able to let the parts of the dose disperse into the melt and detach, which is in accordance with what has been seen in experiments. The current work was also able to couple the model with an earlier developed solidification model, hence, creating a framework for developing a full model for alumina feeding.
摘要:为了保持稳定的hall - hsamro过程，氧化铝的有效加料和溶解是必要的。一剂氧化铝含有几千粒颗粒，模拟单个颗粒的运动在实践中是不可能的。目前的工作建议通过使用µ(I)-流变学的连续配方来模拟氧化铝剂量。流变学在OpenFOAM中作为粘度模型实现，初始验证案例的平均偏差低于0.1％，基准案例的平均偏差为7.4％。参数研究中，模拟颗粒在平面上坍塌，确定了两个流变学参数$$mu _2$$ μ 2和$$I_{text{0}}$$ I 0特别重要，占所见变化的70％以上。最后，模拟冰晶石中给药的三相情况，µ(I)-流变学能够使部分剂量分散到熔体中并分离，这与实验中看到的一致。目前的工作还能够将该模型与早期开发的凝固模型相结合，因此，为开发氧化铝馈送的完整模型创建了一个框架。
{"title":"Modeling Alumina Feeding With the µ(I)-Rheology","authors":"Sindre Engzelius Gylver, Kristian Etienne Einarsrud","doi":"10.1007/s11663-023-02812-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-023-02812-6","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Efficient feeding and dissolution of alumina are necessary in order to maintain a stable Hall–Héroult process. One dose of alumina contains several thousand grains, and simulating the motion of individual particles is in practice impossible. The current work proposes to model the alumina dose through a continuous formulation, using the µ (I)-rheology. The rheology is implemented as a viscosity model in OpenFOAM and initial verification cases showed an average deviation below 0.1 pct, and a benchmark case had an average deviation of 7.4 pct. A parametric study, where grains were simulated to collapse on a flat surface identified the two rheology parameters $$mu _2$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>μ</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:math> and $$I_{text{0}}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>I</mml:mi> <mml:mtext>0</mml:mtext> </mml:msub> </mml:math> to be of particular importance, accounting for more than 70 pct of the variation seen. Finally, three-phase cases simulating the feeding of a dose in cryolite were conducted, and the µ (I)-rheology was able to let the parts of the dose disperse into the melt and detach, which is in accordance with what has been seen in experiments. The current work was also able to couple the model with an earlier developed solidification model, hence, creating a framework for developing a full model for alumina feeding.","PeriodicalId":51126,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B-Process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135692846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-30DOI: 10.1007/s11663-023-02819-z
Wenhe Wu, Guangsheng Wei
{"title":"Decomposition Characteristics of CO2 in Molten Iron and a Novel Process for Carbon-Free Deoxidation of CO2 to Produce CO","authors":"Wenhe Wu, Guangsheng Wei","doi":"10.1007/s11663-023-02819-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-023-02819-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51126,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B-Process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135643294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-30DOI: 10.1007/s11663-023-02800-w
Zhenqiang Deng, Jianhua Liu, Yang He
{"title":"Characteristics of AlN Precipitation and Growth During Solidification of FeCrAl Stainless Steel","authors":"Zhenqiang Deng, Jianhua Liu, Yang He","doi":"10.1007/s11663-023-02800-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-023-02800-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51126,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B-Process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135642906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-30DOI: 10.1007/s11663-023-02827-z
Amanda Vickerfält, Joar Huss, Johan Martinsson, Du Sichen
Abstract The reaction mechanisms during melting of hydrogen direct reduced iron pellets (H-DRI) with different degrees of reduction were studied experimentally at 1773 K to 1873 K at different times (60 to 600 seconds), focusing on the autogenous slag formation. It was found that an autogenous slag is formed inside the pellets prior to the melting of the metal phase. The formation of the autogenous slag started with the melting of FeO, initially located in the center of the iron grains. The liquid FeO flowed into the pore network of the pellet. While flowing, the liquid FeO dissolved parts of the residual oxides, forming an autogenous slag. The slag stayed in the pore network until the iron was molten. Upon melting of the iron, the slag coalesced into spherical droplets. The final state is reached upon the separation of the metal and slag phases by flotation, as a bulk slag was formed on the surface of the liquid iron. In addition, since the iron ore used in this study contains vanadium, the behavior of V was discussed separately based on the experimental observations to build a basis for future studies on V extraction.
{"title":"Reaction Mechanisms During Melting of H-DRI Focusing on Slag Formation and the Behavior of Vanadium","authors":"Amanda Vickerfält, Joar Huss, Johan Martinsson, Du Sichen","doi":"10.1007/s11663-023-02827-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-023-02827-z","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The reaction mechanisms during melting of hydrogen direct reduced iron pellets (H-DRI) with different degrees of reduction were studied experimentally at 1773 K to 1873 K at different times (60 to 600 seconds), focusing on the autogenous slag formation. It was found that an autogenous slag is formed inside the pellets prior to the melting of the metal phase. The formation of the autogenous slag started with the melting of FeO, initially located in the center of the iron grains. The liquid FeO flowed into the pore network of the pellet. While flowing, the liquid FeO dissolved parts of the residual oxides, forming an autogenous slag. The slag stayed in the pore network until the iron was molten. Upon melting of the iron, the slag coalesced into spherical droplets. The final state is reached upon the separation of the metal and slag phases by flotation, as a bulk slag was formed on the surface of the liquid iron. In addition, since the iron ore used in this study contains vanadium, the behavior of V was discussed separately based on the experimental observations to build a basis for future studies on V extraction.","PeriodicalId":51126,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B-Process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135477915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The influence of V 2 O 5 on the phosphorus partition between liquid crude steel and heterogenous basic oxygen furnace (BOF) slag with CaO/SiO 2 = 4.2 was investigated at a temperature of 1600 °C in a middle frequency induction furnace. Thereby the phosphorus transfer from “steel to slag” as well as from “slag to steel” was studied over a holding time of 60 minutes. The measured results were shown as phosphorus partition and phosphorus capacity and compared with the experimental values from the literature. It was found that V 2 O 5 in highly basic BOF slags decreases phosphorus partition and phosphorus capacity. In addition, the resulting slags were investigated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM).
{"title":"Phosphorus Partition Between Liquid Crude Steel and High-Basicity Basic Oxygen Furnace Slags Containing V2O5","authors":"Lukas Neubert, Oleksandr Kovtun, Thilo Kreschel, Olena Volkova","doi":"10.1007/s11663-023-02778-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-023-02778-5","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The influence of V 2 O 5 on the phosphorus partition between liquid crude steel and heterogenous basic oxygen furnace (BOF) slag with CaO/SiO 2 = 4.2 was investigated at a temperature of 1600 °C in a middle frequency induction furnace. Thereby the phosphorus transfer from “steel to slag” as well as from “slag to steel” was studied over a holding time of 60 minutes. The measured results were shown as phosphorus partition and phosphorus capacity and compared with the experimental values from the literature. It was found that V 2 O 5 in highly basic BOF slags decreases phosphorus partition and phosphorus capacity. In addition, the resulting slags were investigated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM).","PeriodicalId":51126,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B-Process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135756936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.1007/S11663-019-01761-3
P. La, A. Rodríguez, C. Ortega
{"title":"Analysis of the Kinetics of Devitrification and Crystallization of a Melilite Mold Powder Slag for Medium Carbon Steel Billet Casting","authors":"P. La, A. Rodríguez, C. Ortega","doi":"10.1007/S11663-019-01761-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/S11663-019-01761-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51126,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B-Process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science","volume":"37 1","pages":"732-755"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76504960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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