Pub Date : 2022-02-16DOI: 10.1894/0038-4909-65.3-4.275
A. Santos-Moreno, Itandehui Hernández-Aguilar
Abstract Pigmentation abnormalities in fur or wings membranes have been reported in >100 bat species worldwide. In the case of the Mormoopidae family, abnormalities have been documented in Pteronotus mesoamericanus, Pteronotus quadridens, and Mormoops megalophylla. This work represents the first record of Pteronotus fulvus with a coloration pattern different from the one commonly reported in their entire range.
{"title":"FIRST RECORD OF COLORATION ABNORMALITY IN THE FUR OF PTERONOTUS FULVUS BAT (CHIROPTERA, MORMOOPIDAE)","authors":"A. Santos-Moreno, Itandehui Hernández-Aguilar","doi":"10.1894/0038-4909-65.3-4.275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909-65.3-4.275","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Pigmentation abnormalities in fur or wings membranes have been reported in >100 bat species worldwide. In the case of the Mormoopidae family, abnormalities have been documented in Pteronotus mesoamericanus, Pteronotus quadridens, and Mormoops megalophylla. This work represents the first record of Pteronotus fulvus with a coloration pattern different from the one commonly reported in their entire range.","PeriodicalId":51157,"journal":{"name":"Southwestern Naturalist","volume":"65 1","pages":"275 - 278"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43613132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-16DOI: 10.1894/0038-4909-65.3-4.271
Noah S. Santee, Lauren E. Yancy, Zachary D. Steffensmeier, J. Perkin
Abstract We tested the restricted movement paradigm (RMP) for heterogeneous movement within populations using plains killifish (Fundulus zebrinus) in the Red River on the border of Texas and Oklahoma. During June–August 2020, we marked 564 plains killifish within a 5-km stream segment and recaptured 23 individuals. Recaptured individuals spent on average 17.3 days at large, moved on average 178.2 m/day, and the maximum movement observed was 935 m. Distributions of movement distances and movement rates were leptokurtic, and although distributions were skewed, there was no difference in the number of fish that moved upstream versus downstream. Our results suggest the RMP predicts broad-scale movement patterns of F. zebrinus, but fine-scale movements might be larger in magnitude compared with other Fundulus spp.
{"title":"TESTING RESTRICTED MOVEMENT OF PLAINS KILLIFISH (FUNDULUS ZEBRINUS)","authors":"Noah S. Santee, Lauren E. Yancy, Zachary D. Steffensmeier, J. Perkin","doi":"10.1894/0038-4909-65.3-4.271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909-65.3-4.271","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We tested the restricted movement paradigm (RMP) for heterogeneous movement within populations using plains killifish (Fundulus zebrinus) in the Red River on the border of Texas and Oklahoma. During June–August 2020, we marked 564 plains killifish within a 5-km stream segment and recaptured 23 individuals. Recaptured individuals spent on average 17.3 days at large, moved on average 178.2 m/day, and the maximum movement observed was 935 m. Distributions of movement distances and movement rates were leptokurtic, and although distributions were skewed, there was no difference in the number of fish that moved upstream versus downstream. Our results suggest the RMP predicts broad-scale movement patterns of F. zebrinus, but fine-scale movements might be larger in magnitude compared with other Fundulus spp.","PeriodicalId":51157,"journal":{"name":"Southwestern Naturalist","volume":"65 1","pages":"271 - 275"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44237216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-16DOI: 10.1894/0038-4909-65.3-4.282
E. Signore, R. Clark, Hannes A. Schraft
Abstract Body temperature influences the activity and behavior of reptiles, with warmer body temperatures typically being associated with improved performance. Nocturnal ambush-hunting rattlesnakes would therefore benefit from selecting warmer substrate hunting sites, allowing them to stay in ambush longer as the environment cools and, presumably, to have a higher probability of striking prey successfully. Here, we tested whether free-ranging sidewinder rattlesnakes (Crotalus cerastes) might select ambush sites based on substrate temperature. We used a thermal imaging camera to measure snake body temperature and substrate temperature at ambush sites and random locations. Rattlesnake body temperature showed a strong positive correlation with substrate temperature at the ambush site, and the substrate at ambush sites was significantly warmer than randomly chosen sites. This suggests snakes might select ambush sites based on substrate temperature. Desert pit vipers appear highly attuned to environmental conditions and might integrate several criteria to select microhabitats that increase predation success.
{"title":"TEMPERATURE-BASED AMBUSH SITE SELECTION IN SIDEWINDER RATTLESNAKES (CROTALUS CERASTES)","authors":"E. Signore, R. Clark, Hannes A. Schraft","doi":"10.1894/0038-4909-65.3-4.282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909-65.3-4.282","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Body temperature influences the activity and behavior of reptiles, with warmer body temperatures typically being associated with improved performance. Nocturnal ambush-hunting rattlesnakes would therefore benefit from selecting warmer substrate hunting sites, allowing them to stay in ambush longer as the environment cools and, presumably, to have a higher probability of striking prey successfully. Here, we tested whether free-ranging sidewinder rattlesnakes (Crotalus cerastes) might select ambush sites based on substrate temperature. We used a thermal imaging camera to measure snake body temperature and substrate temperature at ambush sites and random locations. Rattlesnake body temperature showed a strong positive correlation with substrate temperature at the ambush site, and the substrate at ambush sites was significantly warmer than randomly chosen sites. This suggests snakes might select ambush sites based on substrate temperature. Desert pit vipers appear highly attuned to environmental conditions and might integrate several criteria to select microhabitats that increase predation success.","PeriodicalId":51157,"journal":{"name":"Southwestern Naturalist","volume":"65 1","pages":"282 - 287"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43679286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-16DOI: 10.1894/0038-4909-65.3-4.266
Salvador González-Guzmán, E. Mellink, S. Tremor
Abstract Although melanism is common in some species of North American squirrels, its occurrence in the California ground squirrel (Otospermophilus beecheyi) was only anecdotal and reported in the early 20th century. Here we report on melanistic individuals in this species in northwestern Baja California in 2013 and 2020.
{"title":"MELANISTIC CALIFORNIA GROUND SQUIRRELS (OTOSPERMOPHILUS BEECHEYI)","authors":"Salvador González-Guzmán, E. Mellink, S. Tremor","doi":"10.1894/0038-4909-65.3-4.266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909-65.3-4.266","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Although melanism is common in some species of North American squirrels, its occurrence in the California ground squirrel (Otospermophilus beecheyi) was only anecdotal and reported in the early 20th century. Here we report on melanistic individuals in this species in northwestern Baja California in 2013 and 2020.","PeriodicalId":51157,"journal":{"name":"Southwestern Naturalist","volume":"65 1","pages":"266 - 287"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47886929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-16DOI: 10.1894/0038-4909-65.3-4.268
F. S. Ceccarelli, Víctor M. Aguilera-Molina, K. K. Munguía-Ortega, Eulogio López-Reyes
Abstract Sawfly larvae of the family Diprionidae are defoliators of conifers, undergoing cyclical outbreaks. Here, we present a tachinid fly, identified as a Chetogena species, which was found parasitizing diprionid larvae from a recent outbreak on Jeffrey pines (Pinus jeffreyi) in Baja California's Sierra San Pedro Mártir National Park. The findings reported here are a new distributional record for Chetogena in Baja California.
{"title":"HYPERPARASITISM IN A JEFFREY PINE (PINUS JEFFREYI) DEFOLIATOR IN THE SIERRA SAN PEDRO MÁRTIR NATIONAL PARK, BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO","authors":"F. S. Ceccarelli, Víctor M. Aguilera-Molina, K. K. Munguía-Ortega, Eulogio López-Reyes","doi":"10.1894/0038-4909-65.3-4.268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909-65.3-4.268","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Sawfly larvae of the family Diprionidae are defoliators of conifers, undergoing cyclical outbreaks. Here, we present a tachinid fly, identified as a Chetogena species, which was found parasitizing diprionid larvae from a recent outbreak on Jeffrey pines (Pinus jeffreyi) in Baja California's Sierra San Pedro Mártir National Park. The findings reported here are a new distributional record for Chetogena in Baja California.","PeriodicalId":51157,"journal":{"name":"Southwestern Naturalist","volume":"65 1","pages":"268 - 271"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41432102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-02DOI: 10.1894/0038-4909-65.3-4.237
Cynthia Elizalde-Arellano, Bárbara Vargas-Miranda, Juan Carlos López-Vidal, C. Y. Salas Rodríguez, Luis Deyvi García González
Abstract Knowledge of the diversity of terrestrial vertebrates in the Sierra La Mojonera Natural Protected Area and its surroundings is quite limited. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to update the list of terrestrial vertebrate species that inhabit the area of influence of the Sierra La Mojonera, to investigate the subspecies, and to highlight the conservation status of the species in terms of national and international regulations. We sampled 30 locations in 850 km2 of the area of influence of the Sierra La Mojonera between 2010 and 2013. We recorded amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals by observation, capture (by hand or with mist nets), or trace evidence (footprints, scats, or ecdysis). We recorded 51 species: 3 amphibians, 9 reptiles, 14 birds, and 25 mammals. We recorded 29 species (3 amphibians, 8 reptiles, 8 birds, and 10 mammals) for the first time in the area, including Anaxyrus debilis, Anaxyrus punctatus, Hypsiglena jani, Cophosaurus texanus, Caracara cheriway, Charadrius vociferus, Myotis yumanensis, and Notiosorex crawfordi. The subspecies of seven species have distribution boundaries in the study area. Other species are remarkable because of their protection category, such as Crotalus molossus, Cynomys mexicanus, and Leptonycteris nivalis. The area of influence of Sierra La Mojonera contains numerous important charismatic species in need of conservation. We strongly recommend that scientists specialized in each group of terrestrial vertebrates conduct a complete and detailed inventory of the species that inhabit the protected natural area and its surroundings. As part of these investigations, it is important to ensure scientific collection obtains reference specimens (vouchers) and that collectors deposit these specimens in recognized scientific collections in order to contribute to the knowledge of the biodiversity of the region and to increase the information on the vertebrates in this report.
摘要：对拉莫杰纳拉自然保护区及其周围地区陆生脊椎动物多样性的了解非常有限。因此，本研究的目的是更新居住在Sierra La Mojonera影响区的陆生脊椎动物物种名单，调查亚种，并强调该物种在国家和国际法规方面的保护状况。2010年至2013年间，我们对La Mojonera山脉影响区850平方公里的30个地点进行了采样。我们通过观察、捕捉（用手或雾网）或追踪证据（脚印、粪便或蜕皮）记录了两栖动物、爬行动物、鸟类和哺乳动物。我们记录了51个物种：3种两栖动物，9种爬行动物，14种鸟类和25种哺乳动物。我们首次在该地区记录了29个物种（3种两栖动物、8种爬行动物、8种鸟类和10种哺乳动物），包括斑腹Anaxyrus debilis、斑腹Anaxyrus punctatus、Hypsiglena jani、纹腹Cophosaurus texanus、Caracara cheriway、Charadrius vociferus、Myotis yumanensis和Notiosorix crawfordi。七个物种的亚种在研究区域内有分布边界。其他物种因其保护类别而引人注目，如墨西哥克氏菌（Crotalus molossus）、墨西哥Cynomys mexicanus和雪细螺旋杆菌（Leptonycteris nivalis）。Sierra La Mojonera的影响区域包含许多需要保护的重要魅力物种。我们强烈建议专门研究每一组陆生脊椎动物的科学家对居住在自然保护区及其周围的物种进行完整而详细的调查。作为这些调查的一部分，重要的是确保科学收藏获得参考标本（凭证），并确保收藏者将这些标本存放在公认的科学收藏中，以促进对该地区生物多样性的了解，并增加本报告中脊椎动物的信息。
{"title":"TERRESTRIAL VERTEBRATES IN THE AREA OF INFLUENCE OF THE SIERRA LA MOJONERA IN SAN LUIS POTOSÍ AND ZACATECAS, MEXICO","authors":"Cynthia Elizalde-Arellano, Bárbara Vargas-Miranda, Juan Carlos López-Vidal, C. Y. Salas Rodríguez, Luis Deyvi García González","doi":"10.1894/0038-4909-65.3-4.237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909-65.3-4.237","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Knowledge of the diversity of terrestrial vertebrates in the Sierra La Mojonera Natural Protected Area and its surroundings is quite limited. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to update the list of terrestrial vertebrate species that inhabit the area of influence of the Sierra La Mojonera, to investigate the subspecies, and to highlight the conservation status of the species in terms of national and international regulations. We sampled 30 locations in 850 km2 of the area of influence of the Sierra La Mojonera between 2010 and 2013. We recorded amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals by observation, capture (by hand or with mist nets), or trace evidence (footprints, scats, or ecdysis). We recorded 51 species: 3 amphibians, 9 reptiles, 14 birds, and 25 mammals. We recorded 29 species (3 amphibians, 8 reptiles, 8 birds, and 10 mammals) for the first time in the area, including Anaxyrus debilis, Anaxyrus punctatus, Hypsiglena jani, Cophosaurus texanus, Caracara cheriway, Charadrius vociferus, Myotis yumanensis, and Notiosorex crawfordi. The subspecies of seven species have distribution boundaries in the study area. Other species are remarkable because of their protection category, such as Crotalus molossus, Cynomys mexicanus, and Leptonycteris nivalis. The area of influence of Sierra La Mojonera contains numerous important charismatic species in need of conservation. We strongly recommend that scientists specialized in each group of terrestrial vertebrates conduct a complete and detailed inventory of the species that inhabit the protected natural area and its surroundings. As part of these investigations, it is important to ensure scientific collection obtains reference specimens (vouchers) and that collectors deposit these specimens in recognized scientific collections in order to contribute to the knowledge of the biodiversity of the region and to increase the information on the vertebrates in this report.","PeriodicalId":51157,"journal":{"name":"Southwestern Naturalist","volume":"65 1","pages":"237 - 248"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43999591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-02DOI: 10.1894/0038-4909-65.3-4.249
Benjamin Gochanour, J. Alcantara, Paula M. Cimprich, J. Kelly, A. Contina
Abstract We implemented stable isotope analysis to evaluate the molt behavior of the Colima warbler (Leiothlypis crissalis), an understudied migratory songbird occurring in Mexico and recently discovered breeding in the southern part of Texas, USA. We built a geostatistical model showing variation in deuterium precipitation values (d2Hp) across a latitudinal gradient within the Colima warbler breeding range in northeastern Mexico. Then, based on stable isotope ratios of deuterium in feathers (d2Hf), we assigned wintering Colima warblers captured in Central Mexico to possible molting areas near the southwestern portion of the species' breeding range. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first field study documenting Colima warbler captures and recaptures within the Parque Ecológico de la Ciudad de México, near the mountain ranges surrounding the Basin of Mexico. Overall, our study demonstrates the potential of winter ecology fieldwork in conjunction with molecular study techniques, such as stable isotope analysis, for revealing the migratory and molting behavior of warblers with restricted distribution ranges.
{"title":"FILLING THE GAP: MOLTING BEHAVIOR OF COLIMA WARBLERS AND RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES FOR UNDERSTUDIED NORTH AMERICAN SONGBIRDS","authors":"Benjamin Gochanour, J. Alcantara, Paula M. Cimprich, J. Kelly, A. Contina","doi":"10.1894/0038-4909-65.3-4.249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909-65.3-4.249","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We implemented stable isotope analysis to evaluate the molt behavior of the Colima warbler (Leiothlypis crissalis), an understudied migratory songbird occurring in Mexico and recently discovered breeding in the southern part of Texas, USA. We built a geostatistical model showing variation in deuterium precipitation values (d2Hp) across a latitudinal gradient within the Colima warbler breeding range in northeastern Mexico. Then, based on stable isotope ratios of deuterium in feathers (d2Hf), we assigned wintering Colima warblers captured in Central Mexico to possible molting areas near the southwestern portion of the species' breeding range. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first field study documenting Colima warbler captures and recaptures within the Parque Ecológico de la Ciudad de México, near the mountain ranges surrounding the Basin of Mexico. Overall, our study demonstrates the potential of winter ecology fieldwork in conjunction with molecular study techniques, such as stable isotope analysis, for revealing the migratory and molting behavior of warblers with restricted distribution ranges.","PeriodicalId":51157,"journal":{"name":"Southwestern Naturalist","volume":"65 1","pages":"249 - 257"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45951878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-02DOI: 10.1894/0038-4909-65.3-4.258
Brandon C. Belcher, J. Kopachena
Abstract Scabiosa atropurpurea is an invasive herbaceous plant now found in 9 states, including 19 counties in north-central Texas and 2 counties in adjacent Oklahoma. Scabiosa atropurpurea forms dense colonies along roadsides and in old agricultural fields and poses a threat to native and improved grasslands. We evaluated the response of S. atropurpurea to mowing and prescribed fire. Mowing caused a marked increase in the density of S. atropurpurea. However, S. atropurpurea declined when there was no management at all and when exposed to growing season fire. Mowing of S. atropurpurea during roadside management and other management contexts leads to persistence and spread of this species. In complex communities, this plant will likely decline and growing season fires may help accelerate these declines.
{"title":"EFFECTS OF MOWING AND PRESCRIBED FIRE ON AN INVASIVE POPULATION OF SCABIOSA ATROPURPUREA (DIPSACACEAE) IN NORTH-CENTRAL TEXAS","authors":"Brandon C. Belcher, J. Kopachena","doi":"10.1894/0038-4909-65.3-4.258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909-65.3-4.258","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Scabiosa atropurpurea is an invasive herbaceous plant now found in 9 states, including 19 counties in north-central Texas and 2 counties in adjacent Oklahoma. Scabiosa atropurpurea forms dense colonies along roadsides and in old agricultural fields and poses a threat to native and improved grasslands. We evaluated the response of S. atropurpurea to mowing and prescribed fire. Mowing caused a marked increase in the density of S. atropurpurea. However, S. atropurpurea declined when there was no management at all and when exposed to growing season fire. Mowing of S. atropurpurea during roadside management and other management contexts leads to persistence and spread of this species. In complex communities, this plant will likely decline and growing season fires may help accelerate these declines.","PeriodicalId":51157,"journal":{"name":"Southwestern Naturalist","volume":"65 1","pages":"258 - 265"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48325373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-27DOI: 10.1894/0038-4909-65.3-4.230
Carl T Kloock
Abstract I investigated behavioral niche partitioning in two morphologically similar and sympatric Emblyna spiders by collecting webs of Emblyna francisca and Emblyna reticulata from Sambucus and Atriplex plants at the Panorama Vista Preserve in Kern County, California. I measured web heights and identified prey found in webs to compare web placement and prey distributions in each habitat. Emblyna francisca webs contained more prey than did E. reticulata webs in both habitats. The two spiders had similar abundance in Atriplex, but in Sambucus, E. reticulata was more abundant than E. francisca. Emblyna reticulata placed its webs higher than E. francisca in Atriplex but not in Sambucus, and the distribution of prey in webs differed between the two spiders in Sambucus, but not in Atriplex.
{"title":"BEHAVIORAL NICHE PARTITIONING IN EMBLYNA FRANCISCA AND EMBLYNA RETICULATA (ARANEAE, DICTYNIDAE)","authors":"Carl T Kloock","doi":"10.1894/0038-4909-65.3-4.230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909-65.3-4.230","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract I investigated behavioral niche partitioning in two morphologically similar and sympatric Emblyna spiders by collecting webs of Emblyna francisca and Emblyna reticulata from Sambucus and Atriplex plants at the Panorama Vista Preserve in Kern County, California. I measured web heights and identified prey found in webs to compare web placement and prey distributions in each habitat. Emblyna francisca webs contained more prey than did E. reticulata webs in both habitats. The two spiders had similar abundance in Atriplex, but in Sambucus, E. reticulata was more abundant than E. francisca. Emblyna reticulata placed its webs higher than E. francisca in Atriplex but not in Sambucus, and the distribution of prey in webs differed between the two spiders in Sambucus, but not in Atriplex.","PeriodicalId":51157,"journal":{"name":"Southwestern Naturalist","volume":"65 1","pages":"230 - 236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41841324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-26DOI: 10.1894/0038-4909-65.3-4.205
S. C. Hedden, K. Gido
Abstract Ontogenetic changes in the ecological requirements of fishes are thought to influence intraspecific patterns of occurrence and abundance, yet patterns of variation in the distribution of different cohorts are unknown for many species. In prairie stream headwaters with variable habitats, we predict cohort occurrences, densities, and juvenile growth rates to vary considerably over both space and time. Specifically, the differences in abiotic factors across sites will likely affect the occurrence and growth of different age classes. To evaluate factors associated with cohort structure, we evaluated population dynamics of two cyprinid species, central stoneroller Campostoma anomalum and southern redbelly dace Chrosomus erythrogaster, using a long-term monitoring data set that included six sites sampled semiannually for 8 to 14 years. Densities of adult stoneroller were higher in pools while juveniles had higher densities in riffles, leading to within-site spatial differences in the occurrence of each age class. Across-site habitats also varied in the occurrence of different age classes of stonerollers, with sites being either suitable for both adults and juveniles, specialized for one age class, or temporally variable for both age classes. In contrast to stonerollers, all age classes of dace were pool specialists with constantly high occurrences of both age classes during all times of the year. Age-specific growth, for both species, did not vary across sites, but growth was higher for stonerollers during wet years compared with drier years at two sites. Headwater streams provide important habitat for many fishes, but the use of age-specific habitats is variable among species and likely driven by species traits as well as biotic and abiotic characteristics of those habitats.
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