Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology最新文献

Background/aims: Accurately determining the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status is crucial in identifying suitable candidates for targeted therapy in gastric cancer, considering the cost and potential side effects of anti-HER2 treatments. This study aimed to assess HER2 overexpression/amplification prevalence in gastric and gastroesophageal cancer patients, its correlation with clinicopathological characteristics, and the consistency of HER2 status between biopsy and radical specimens.

Materials and methods: We analyzed data from 667 specimens of 600 gastric/gastroesophageal cancer patients at Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine from 2012 to 2021. The correlation of HER2 expression and amplification status and clinicopathological parameters were assessed. Furthermore, we compared HER2 status concordance between paired biopsy-radical specimens when both endoscopic and radical materials were present. Additionally, we compared HER2 status before and after treatment in patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Results: In our study, +3 HER2 immunohistochemistry results were more common in gastroesophageal junction tumors (23%). Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 immunohistochemistry positivity and HER2 gene amplification were found to be significantly more common in males, people over 65 years of age, and intestinal morphology. Overall concordance of HER2 status between radical and biopsy materials was 95.5%.

Conclusion: The high HER2 concordance between the paired biopsy and radical samples holds significant importance in clinical management. This finding is particularly noteworthy since the HER2 assessment can generally be conducted on small/limited biopsy materials in routine practice. Our study is the most extensive series from Türkiye and the Balkans, which will shed light on our country's data by investigating the relationship of HER2 with clinicopathological parameters in gastric/gastroesophageal carcinomas.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prevalent cancer that significantly contributes to mortality globally, primarily due to its late diagnosis. Early detection is crucial yet challenging. This study leverages the potential of deep learning (DL) technologies, employing the You Only Look Once (YOLO) architecture, to enhance the detection of HCC in computed tomography (CT) images, aiming to improve early diagnosis and thereby patient outcomes. We used a dataset of 1290 CT images from 122 patients, segmented according to a standard 70:20:10 split for training, validation, and testing phases. The YOLO-based DL model was trained on these images, with subsequent phases for validation and testing to assess the model's diagnostic capabilities comprehensively. The model exhibited exceptional diagnostic accuracy, with a precision of 0.97216, recall of 0.919, and an overall accuracy of 95.35%, significantly surpassing traditional diagnostic approaches. It achieved a specificity of 95.83% and a sensitivity of 94.74%, evidencing its effectiveness in clinical settings and its potential to reduce the rate of missed diagnoses and unnecessary interventions. The implementation of the YOLO architecture for detecting HCC in CT scans has shown substantial promise, indicating that DL models could soon become a standard tool in oncological diagnostics. As artificial intelligence technology continues to evolve, its integration into healthcare systems is expected to advance the accuracy and efficiency of diagnostics in oncology, enhancing early detection and treatment strategies and potentially improving patient survival rates.

Since its advent, artificial intelligence (AI) has been continuously researched, and substantial progress has been made in many fields, such as the diagnosis and therapies for cancer. Due to the advantages of high efficiency, rapidity, and precision, AI has been increasingly adopted in the medical field to improve patient prognosis and the efficiency of medical procedures. Thus, AI technology has become a powerful driving force and support mechanism in the medical and health industry. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide, with a 5-year relative survival rate of 18%. The early diag- nosis and postsurgical treatment of HCC are key factors related to its prognosis, which provides an opportunity for the application of AI in HCC diagnosis and treatment. This review will summarize the application of AI in the diagnosis and treatment of HCC to provide prospects for deeper and wider applications.

Gastric cancer (GC) is a highly prone malignant tumor, which has attracted wide attention. This study investigated the expression and clinical value of miR-499a-5p in GC. A total of 105 patients with GC were included in this study. Simultaneously, 55 patients with benign stomach disorders and 45 healthy subjects were enrolled as controls. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the expression of miR-499a-5p. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to assess the diagnostic value of miR-499a-5p in GC. Kaplan-Meier and logistic analyses were used to evaluate the association between miR-499a-5p and GC prognosis. The levels of miR-499a-5p are markedly downregulated in GC and have a high diagnostic value. miR-499a-5p is closely linked to pathological features of GC. Overexpression of miR-499a-5p inhibits GC cell growth, migration, and invasion. Furthermore, miR499a-5p is also related to GC and 5-year survival, and is a risk factor for GC death. The levels of miR-499a-5p were markedly downregulated in GC and related to GC pathological features. It has the potential to become a biomarker for the diagnosis of GC.

Recently, studies on FAM96B functions mainly focused on its role in maintaining the normal physiological function of cells. However, the clinical implications of FAM96B in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are still unclear. FAM96B mRNA expression was detected in human HCC tissues and the matched nontumorous tissues by quantitative real-time reverse transcription (qRT-PCR) and then validated in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Immunohistochemistry assay (IHC) was performed on all 137 cases of HCC samples to examine the protein level of FAM96B. Subsequently, the associations between FAM96B expression and clinicopathological parameters and prognosis were further analyzed. The mRNA level of FAM96B was found to be significantly lower in HCC tissues compared to non-tumorous tissues, as observed in both the local hospital and TCGA database.Immunohistochemistry assay analysis revealed a decrease in FAM96B expression in 78 out of 137 cases, which was significantly associated with larger tumor size, higher Barcelona clinic liver cancer or Child stage, and early distant metastasis. Patients with low FAM96B levels tended to have an unfavorable disease-free and overall survival. Moreover, FAM96B was identified as an independent predictor of patient prognosis in both univariate and multivariate survival analyses. Mechanistically, FAM96B was found to inhibit cancer progression by inducing apoptosis in liver cancer cells and inhibiting their growth. Our findings provide the first evidence suggesting the involvement of FAM96B in the progression of HCC. Additionally, FAM96B could potentially serve as a marker for tumor recurrence and prognosis in HCC patients.

We analyzed the frequency of complications and survival rates in patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) who underwent liver transplantation at a high-volume transplant center. Patients who underwent transplantation for AIH at the xxx University Liver Transplantation Institute between January 2002 and December 2021 were included. Patients with a confirmed diagnosis of AIH, without concomitant chronic liver disease, were included in the study. We included 51 patients (31 female) with a median age of 38.5 years (18-65 years). The 12-month and 60-month survival rates were 86.3% and 80.9%, respectively. During a median 2.22 years follow-up, 9 patients died. Six patients died due to systemic infection, 1 due to biliary complications, and 2 patients due to graft rejection. Autoimmune hepatitis recurrence developed in 6 (11%) patients. Overall, biliary complications developed in 56% (28/51) of patients following liver transplantation, and graft rejection occurred in 22% (11/51) of patients. Our results suggest that the outcome of AIH following liver transplantation is good, with a survival rate of up to 80%. Posttransplant biliary complications are common; therefore, close follow-up is necessary.

Esophageal cancer is a highly prevalent gastrointestinal tumor in China, resulting in a significant number of deaths annually. In this paper, we investigated the regulatory role and therapeutic potential of aberrant ST7-AS1 expression in esophageal cancer. The presence of ST7-AS1 in 125 esophageal cancer tissues was identified through RT-qPCR assays. The application of Kaplan-Meier to evaluate survival rates in patients with esophageal cancer. Cell activity was assessed by both CCK-8 and Transwell assays. The luciferase activity assay verified the association of ST7-AS1 with miR-4262. ST7-AS1 expression in esophageal cancer was noticeably overexpressed compared to the control group. Patients with upregulated ST7-AS1 had shorter survival rates. Silencing ST7-AS1 reduced the proliferation level of esophageal cancer cells, as did the migration and invasion levels. Mechanistically, ST7-AS1 acted as a sponge for miR-4262, affecting the progression of esophageal cancer. This was negatively correlated with ST7-AS1. Moreover, the miR-4262 inhibitor negated the inhibitory effect of silencing ST7-AS1 on cells. Knockdown of ST7-AS1 may alleviate tumor progression by targeting miR-4262, indicating that ST7-AS1 is anticipated to serve as a therapeutic biomarker for patients with esophageal cancer.

Background/aims: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a widespread cancerous disease with an unfavorable prognosis. MIR210HG appears to have a significant connection with the development of CRC, but the precise regulatory mechanism remains obscure.

Materials and methods: Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was utilized to determine expression quantities of MIR210HG and miR-1226-3p. The proliferative capacity of CRC cells was measured by cell counting kit-8. The apoptosis rate of cells was examined using flow cytometry. The invasive capability was assessed through the transwell experiment. The targeted regulation of MIR210HG and miR-1226-3p was validated through dual-luciferase reporter gene experiments.

Results: In carcinoma tissues and blood serum of colorectal cancer patients and cell lines, MIR210HG expression was upregulated, while the miR-1226-3p expression was downregulated. MIR210HG had a diagnostic and prognostic value for CRC patients. MIR210HG may target and regulate miR-1226-3p. MIR210HG may have the capacity to augment the vitality and invasion of CRC cells and suppress cell apoptosis, and this influence is counteracted by miR-1226-3p.

Conclusion: lncRNA MIR210HG accelerated the progression of colorectal cancer by controlling miR-1226-3p. lncRNA MIR210HG/miR1226-3p may potentially serve as therapeutic targets for addressing colorectal cancer.