Veterinary Therapeutics最新文献

Canine influenza virus (CIV) subtype H3N8 has emerged as a new pathogen with sustained transmission in the dog population in the United States. In this study, we report the experimental induction of respiratory disease in dogs using three CIV field isolates. Young (14 to 15 weeks of age) CIV-seronegative pups were challenged with one of three CIV isolates and monitored for clinical signs of respiratory disease, nasal virus shedding, seroconversion, lung lesions, and virus isolation from the lower respiratory tract. The challenged pups developed clinical signs and lung lesions typical of influenza virus infection, shed virus in their nasal secretions for 7 to 8 days after challenge, and exhibited serum antibodies at 7 and 14 days after challenge. Lung tissues and tracheal swabs collected at 3 and 6 days after challenge exhibited active virus replication. These results demonstrate that CIV causes respiratory disease in dogs.

The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of a new combination drug, florfenicol-flunixin meglumine, with tulathromycin for initial treatment of undifferentiated fever (UF) in fall-placed calves that received metaphylactic tilmicosin on arrival at the feedlot. No significant differences were observed in UF relapses between the two drugs. Calves treated with florfenicol-flunixin had a lower crude case fatality rate (P = .0447) than calves treated with tulathromycin but did not have a significantly lower respiratory disease and histophilosis case fatality rate (P = .12). Whether the new florfenicol-flunixin product is more cost-effective than tulathromycin for the treatment of UF in fall-placed feedlot calves will depend on how the new product is priced in the marketplace relative to tulathromycin.

The efficacy of a new protamine zinc formulation based on recombinant insulin (PZIR) was compared with a veterinary-approved beef/pork-source insulin (PZI VET, Idexx Pharmaceuticals) that has been shown to significantly decrease blood glucose in cats with diabetes mellitus (DM). After being examined and weighed and having blood collected for determination of serum fructosamine concentrations, 50 cats with DM and stable glycemic control on PZI VET were switched to PZIR for 30 days at the same dose rate and interval. There was only one reported episode of hypoglycemia, and the cat was withdrawn from the study. In the 47 cats completing the study, there were no significant differences in body weight or serum fructosamine concentrations at days 15 or 30 compared with day 0. The results of this study indicate that PZIR provides glycemic control that is comparable to that of PZI VET when used at the same dose and dosing interval.

This study investigated the use of two commercial products, a deltamethrin-impregnated collar and a fipronil-(S)-methoprene spot-on formulation, in combination to protect dogs against sandflies and fleas when they live in or travel to leishmaniasis-enzootic areas. Interactions, tolerance, and efficacy were evaluated. The combination was well tolerated by the six treated dogs. The antifeeding effect on Phlebotomus perniciosus ranged from 89.6% (day 1) to 99.51% (day 21) and exceeded 95% from day 7 through the end of the study; the mortality effect against P. perniciosus ranged from 87.52% (day 22) to 96.82% (day 15). The combination was 100% effective in controlling Ctenocephalides felis felis infestations for 36 days after treatment. These results suggest that it is feasible and advantageous to combine these two commercial products to protect dogs against sandflies and fleas in leishmaniasis-enzootic areas.

Cardiotoxicity is a potentially life-threatening consequence of treatment with doxorubicin. Without reliable predictive or monitoring tests for early intervention, preventive methods are warranted. This study tested the hypothesis that a 1-hour infusion of doxorubicin would reduce the incidence of cardiotoxicity compared with historical incidences. Inclusion criteria for this retrospective trial were a minimum of three doses of doxorubicin administered as a 1-hour infusion in patients with at least two echocardiographic or electrocardiographic examinations during the course of treatment (median cumulative dose, 120 mg/m2). Of 133 dogs, 16 (12%) developed electrocardiographic abnormalities during or after treatment, which was statistically lower than the historical incidence of 17.7% (31 of 175 dogs). Only seven dogs (5.3%) developed abnormalities during the course of therapy. Three (2%) developed congestive heart failure.

A hand-held bioelectric impedance device was used to obtain body fat percentages from obese and lean healthy client-owned dogs. Bioelectric impedance values were compared with body condition scores assigned on a 9-point scale during physical examination to evaluate the correlation of these two methods for assessing body composition. A good correlation was revealed between body fat percentage as measured by the bioelectric impedance device and body condition score. The results of this study suggest that bioelectric impedance measurements of body fat percentage could be used by veterinary practitioners as an objective measure of adiposity when diagnosing and managing obese dogs.

An oral calcium bolus (Bovikalc, Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica) supplying calcium to dairy cows in the form of calcium chloride and calcium sulfate was evaluated to determine the effect on calcium homeostasis immediately after calving. Cows in the treatment group received one bolus immediately after calving and a second bolus 12 hours later. Control cows received no calcium supplementation. Blood was analyzed for ionized calcium, and urine was collected for urinary pH determination. Postpartum supplementation with the Bovikalc bolus significantly increased serum ionized calcium levels and decreased urine pH values.

Injection pain has been associated with veterinary use of the antiemetic maropitant (Cerenia, Pfizer Animal Health). Cerenia is formulated using sulphobutylether-beta-cyclodextrin to bind maropitant and mitigate injection pain. The objective of this study was to determine whether the temperature of Cerenia alters binding between maropitant and sulphobutylether-beta-cyclodextrin and affects injection pain. Binding decreased as temperature increased, and Cerenia-elicited injection pain increased at warmer drug temperatures. These data suggest that the amount of free unbound maropitant increases with temperature and that injection pain increases with temperature in a similar fashion. Clinically, these studies suggest that injection of refrigerated Cerenia may significantly reduce or eliminate pain associated with SC injection of Cerenia.