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Hans Charles Freeman 1929–2008 汉斯·查尔斯·弗里曼1929–2008
IF 0.3 4区 哲学 Q4 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE Pub Date : 2022-06-07 DOI: 10.1071/hr21011
Trevor W. Hambley, Ian D. Rae

Hans Freeman was born in Germany and arrived in Australia with his parents in 1938. A brilliant student at the University of Sydney, he spent a seminal year at the California Institute of Technology before joining the staff at Sydney and initiating research on bioinorganic chemistry, studying metal ion complexes of compounds of biological significance such as amino acids, peptides and proteins. In his use of X-ray crystallography he was a pioneer in Australia, constructing his first crystallographic apparatus and mastering the necessary computing, at first by hand but soon with electronic computers. The culmination of his work with a series of collaborators was the structure of the blue, copper-containing metalloprotein, plastocyanin. Freeman also employed another advanced technique—X-ray spectroscopy and the study of X-ray absorption fine structure. He was a leading figure in Australia and internationally, and played an important role in gaining access for Australian scientists to international facilities such as synchrotron radiation sources at the dawning of the era of ‘Big Science’.

汉斯·弗里曼出生于德国,1938年随父母来到澳大利亚。他是悉尼大学(University of Sydney)的一名优秀学生,在加入悉尼大学(Sydney)之前,他在加州理工学院(California Institute of Technology)度过了影响深远的一年,并开始了生物无机化学的研究,研究氨基酸、肽和蛋白质等具有生物意义的化合物的金属离子复合物。在使用x射线晶体学方面,他是澳大利亚的先驱,建造了他的第一台晶体学仪器,并掌握了必要的计算,最初是手工计算,但很快就使用了电子计算机。他与一系列合作者的工作的高潮是蓝色,含铜金属蛋白,质体青素的结构。弗里曼还采用了另一种先进技术——x射线光谱学和x射线吸收精细结构的研究。他是澳大利亚和国际上的领军人物,在“大科学”时代的黎明,为澳大利亚科学家获得同步辐射源等国际设施发挥了重要作用。
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引用次数: 0
J. A. Leach’s Australian Bird Book: at the interface of science and recreation J. A.利奇的澳大利亚鸟类书:在科学和娱乐的界面
IF 0.3 4区 哲学 Q4 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE Pub Date : 2022-05-30 DOI: 10.1071/hr21010
Russell McGregor

An Australian Bird Book by J. A. Leach, published in 1911, was the first field guide to Australia’s avifauna. Unlike today’s field guides, it was not tightly focussed on identification, instead devoting more than half its words to an expansive dissertation on the natural history of birds. This article scrutinises and contextualises Leach’s Bird Book to illuminate some of the interconnections between science, birdwatching, recreation and conservation in early twentieth-century Australia. It shows how Leach’s heavy weighting on natural history was integral to his promotion of birdwatching as an edifying recreation that would lead people not merely to be able to name the birds they saw but also, more importantly, to understand, cherish and protect them.

1911年出版的《澳大利亚鸟类书》是第一本关于澳大利亚鸟类的野外指南。与今天的野外指南不同,这本书并没有把重点放在鉴定上,而是把一半以上的文字都用在了一篇关于鸟类自然史的长篇论文上。本文对里奇的《鸟类之书》进行了详细的研究和背景分析,以阐明20世纪初澳大利亚科学、观鸟、娱乐和保护之间的一些相互联系。这本书展示了利奇对自然史的重视是如何与他对观鸟的宣传密不可分的,他把观鸟作为一种有启发性的娱乐活动,不仅能让人们能够给他们看到的鸟类命名,更重要的是,能让人们理解、珍惜和保护它们。
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引用次数: 0
Book Reviews 书评
IF 0.3 4区 哲学 Q4 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE Pub Date : 2022-01-31 DOI: 10.1071/hr22902
Compiled by Martin Bush
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引用次数: 0
Mervyn Silas Paterson 1925–2020 Mervyn Silas Paterson 1925-2020
IF 0.3 4区 哲学 Q4 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1071/hr21002
I. Jackson
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引用次数: 0
Lord Robert May of Oxford 1936–2020* 牛津大学罗伯特·梅勋爵1936-2020年*
IF 0.3 4区 哲学 Q4 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1071/hrv33n1_bm
L. Krebs, M. Hassell, Sir Charles Godfray
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引用次数: 0
Mary Proctor and the Cawthron observatory project: a lost history of the Mount Stromlo Observatory 玛丽·普罗克特和卡瑟伦天文台项目:斯特罗姆罗山天文台遗失的历史
IF 0.3 4区 哲学 Q4 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1071/hr21007
M. Bush
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引用次数: 1
Rumphius and Eucalyptus Rumphius和Eucalyptus
IF 0.3 4区 哲学 Q4 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1071/hr21009
R. Fensham
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引用次数: 0
Ross Henry Day 1927–2018 罗斯·亨利·戴1927-2018
IF 0.3 4区 哲学 Q4 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1071/hr22002
Max Coltheart, N. Wade
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引用次数: 0
James Waldo Lance 1926–2019 詹姆斯·沃尔多·兰斯1926–2019
IF 0.3 4区 哲学 Q4 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-05-04 DOI: 10.1071/HR21001
David Burke
James W. Lance was a clinical neurologist who created the first university-based department of neurology in Australia. He championed academic enquiry and the scientific basis of clinical practice, and his research had two major themes, motor control and headache. After his doctoral studies on the pyramidal tract of the cat, he became a pioneer of the new field of motor control studied in human subjects, making seminal contributions on the control of muscle tone, reflexes and movement in healthy subjects and the pathophysiology of movement disorders in patients. At the same time he developed a clinical research program into the mechanisms and management of headache, in particular migraine. These studies evolved into parallel experiments in human subjects, cats and monkeys, probing the control of the cerebral circulation and the mechanisms underlying craniofacial pain, for which he received international acclaim in both fields. He received international and Australian honours and was the first practising clinician to be elected a fellow of the Australian Academy of Science. He is rightfully credited with leading the development of academic neurology in Australia and overseas.
James W.Lance是一位临床神经学家,他创建了澳大利亚第一个大学神经内科。他倡导学术探究和临床实践的科学基础,他的研究有两个主要主题,运动控制和头痛。在对猫锥体束进行博士研究后,他成为人类受试者运动控制新领域的先驱,在健康受试者的肌肉张力、反射和运动控制以及患者运动障碍的病理生理学方面做出了开创性贡献。与此同时,他开发了一个关于头痛,特别是偏头痛的机制和治疗的临床研究项目。这些研究演变成了在人类受试者、猫和猴子身上进行的平行实验,探索大脑循环的控制和颅面疼痛的潜在机制,为此他在这两个领域都获得了国际赞誉。他获得了国际和澳大利亚的荣誉,是第一位当选为澳大利亚科学院院士的执业临床医生。他领导了澳大利亚和海外学术神经病学的发展,这是理所当然的。
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引用次数: 0
Aspects of the historiography of Australian archaeology 澳大利亚考古学的史学方面
IF 0.3 4区 哲学 Q4 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-05-04 DOI: 10.1071/HR20017
H. Howes
This article is a historiography, or critical review of the history, of Australian archaeology. It commences with a discussion of the two major regional histories of Australian archaeology, and a survey of the literature on the removal and scientific use of human remains. This is followed by an examination of the two major approaches to the history of Australian archaeology—individual and collective biography, and the use of specific archaeological sites or broader geographical regions—then three complementary but less used historical approaches. Finally, I offer suggestions for further research in the history of Australian archaeology.
这篇文章是对澳大利亚考古学的历史或批判性回顾。它首先讨论了澳大利亚考古学的两个主要区域历史,并对人类遗骸的移除和科学使用的文献进行了调查。接下来是对澳大利亚考古学历史的两种主要方法的考察——个人和集体传记,以及对特定考古遗址或更广泛地理区域的使用——然后是三种互补但较少使用的历史方法。最后,我对澳大利亚考古历史的进一步研究提出了建议。
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引用次数: 1
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Historical Records of Australian Science
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