James W. Lance was a clinical neurologist who created the first university-based department of neurology in Australia. He championed academic enquiry and the scientific basis of clinical practice, and his research had two major themes, motor control and headache. After his doctoral studies on the pyramidal tract of the cat, he became a pioneer of the new field of motor control studied in human subjects, making seminal contributions on the control of muscle tone, reflexes and movement in healthy subjects and the pathophysiology of movement disorders in patients. At the same time he developed a clinical research program into the mechanisms and management of headache, in particular migraine. These studies evolved into parallel experiments in human subjects, cats and monkeys, probing the control of the cerebral circulation and the mechanisms underlying craniofacial pain, for which he received international acclaim in both fields. He received international and Australian honours and was the first practising clinician to be elected a fellow of the Australian Academy of Science. He is rightfully credited with leading the development of academic neurology in Australia and overseas.
James W.Lance是一位临床神经学家，他创建了澳大利亚第一个大学神经内科。他倡导学术探究和临床实践的科学基础，他的研究有两个主要主题，运动控制和头痛。在对猫锥体束进行博士研究后，他成为人类受试者运动控制新领域的先驱，在健康受试者的肌肉张力、反射和运动控制以及患者运动障碍的病理生理学方面做出了开创性贡献。与此同时，他开发了一个关于头痛，特别是偏头痛的机制和治疗的临床研究项目。这些研究演变成了在人类受试者、猫和猴子身上进行的平行实验，探索大脑循环的控制和颅面疼痛的潜在机制，为此他在这两个领域都获得了国际赞誉。他获得了国际和澳大利亚的荣誉，是第一位当选为澳大利亚科学院院士的执业临床医生。他领导了澳大利亚和海外学术神经病学的发展，这是理所当然的。
{"title":"James Waldo Lance 1926–2019","authors":"David Burke","doi":"10.1071/HR21001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/HR21001","url":null,"abstract":"James W. Lance was a clinical neurologist who created the first university-based department of neurology in Australia. He championed academic enquiry and the scientific basis of clinical practice, and his research had two major themes, motor control and headache. After his doctoral studies on the pyramidal tract of the cat, he became a pioneer of the new field of motor control studied in human subjects, making seminal contributions on the control of muscle tone, reflexes and movement in healthy subjects and the pathophysiology of movement disorders in patients. At the same time he developed a clinical research program into the mechanisms and management of headache, in particular migraine. These studies evolved into parallel experiments in human subjects, cats and monkeys, probing the control of the cerebral circulation and the mechanisms underlying craniofacial pain, for which he received international acclaim in both fields. He received international and Australian honours and was the first practising clinician to be elected a fellow of the Australian Academy of Science. He is rightfully credited with leading the development of academic neurology in Australia and overseas.","PeriodicalId":51246,"journal":{"name":"Historical Records of Australian Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49312092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article is a historiography, or critical review of the history, of Australian archaeology. It commences with a discussion of the two major regional histories of Australian archaeology, and a survey of the literature on the removal and scientific use of human remains. This is followed by an examination of the two major approaches to the history of Australian archaeology—individual and collective biography, and the use of specific archaeological sites or broader geographical regions—then three complementary but less used historical approaches. Finally, I offer suggestions for further research in the history of Australian archaeology.
{"title":"Aspects of the historiography of Australian archaeology","authors":"H. Howes","doi":"10.1071/HR20017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/HR20017","url":null,"abstract":"This article is a historiography, or critical review of the history, of Australian archaeology. It commences with a discussion of the two major regional histories of Australian archaeology, and a survey of the literature on the removal and scientific use of human remains. This is followed by an examination of the two major approaches to the history of Australian archaeology—individual and collective biography, and the use of specific archaeological sites or broader geographical regions—then three complementary but less used historical approaches. Finally, I offer suggestions for further research in the history of Australian archaeology.","PeriodicalId":51246,"journal":{"name":"Historical Records of Australian Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47188974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The ethnographic recordings of Robert Hamilton Mathews in the late nineteeth and early twentieth centuries have preserved data about Aboriginal language, beliefs, customs, technology and social and family networks. This data has steadily gained increasing respect over more recent decades, and its quality is often attributed to Mathews’ previous career as a property surveyor. Nevertheless, detailed research in the records of the Lands Department of New South Wales held by State Archives of New South Wales reveals a different story—of a man driven to maximise his income using illegal and unethical methods. Official inquiries into Mathews’ conduct by experienced surveyors showed that he often flaunted professional guidelines and practices to such an extent that the influence of Mathew’s surveying career on his ethnographical work should be reconsidered.
罗伯特·汉密尔顿·马修斯(Robert Hamilton Mathews)在19世纪末和20世纪初的民族志记录保存了有关土著语言、信仰、习俗、技术以及社会和家庭网络的数据。近几十年来，这些数据得到了越来越多的重视，其质量通常归因于马修斯之前作为财产测量师的职业。然而，对新南威尔士州国家档案馆保存的新南威尔士州土地部门记录的详细研究揭示了一个不同的故事——一个人被驱使使用非法和不道德的方法来最大化他的收入。经验丰富的测量师对Mathews的行为进行了正式调查，结果表明他经常夸大专业指导方针和实践，以至于应该重新考虑Mathew的测量生涯对他的民族志工作的影响。
{"title":"False testimony: the surveying career of Robert Hamilton Mathews","authors":"T. Kass","doi":"10.1071/HR20016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/HR20016","url":null,"abstract":"The ethnographic recordings of Robert Hamilton Mathews in the late nineteeth and early twentieth centuries have preserved data about Aboriginal language, beliefs, customs, technology and social and family networks. This data has steadily gained increasing respect over more recent decades, and its quality is often attributed to Mathews’ previous career as a property surveyor. Nevertheless, detailed research in the records of the Lands Department of New South Wales held by State Archives of New South Wales reveals a different story—of a man driven to maximise his income using illegal and unethical methods. Official inquiries into Mathews’ conduct by experienced surveyors showed that he often flaunted professional guidelines and practices to such an extent that the influence of Mathew’s surveying career on his ethnographical work should be reconsidered.","PeriodicalId":51246,"journal":{"name":"Historical Records of Australian Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47168225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rediscovered in 1921 after several decades of feared extinction, the resurrection of the Paradise Parrot was brief. Within a few decades more, the parrot was actually extinct, making it the only mainland Australian bird species known to have suffered that fate since colonisation. This article explores the reasons for the paucity and ineffectuality of attempts to preserve the species in the interwar years. By examining the contemporary state of ornithological knowledge on endangered species and the limited repertoire of conservationist strategies then available, the article extends our understanding of early twentieth-century discourses on avian extinction in Australia. It also offers an assessment of the conservationist efforts of Alec Chisholm, an amateur ornithologist who had a major role in the rediscovery of the Paradise Parrot and in subsequently publicising its plight.
{"title":"Alec Chisholm and the extinction of the Paradise Parrot","authors":"Russell McGregor","doi":"10.1071/HR20019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/HR20019","url":null,"abstract":"Rediscovered in 1921 after several decades of feared extinction, the resurrection of the Paradise Parrot was brief. Within a few decades more, the parrot was actually extinct, making it the only mainland Australian bird species known to have suffered that fate since colonisation. This article explores the reasons for the paucity and ineffectuality of attempts to preserve the species in the interwar years. By examining the contemporary state of ornithological knowledge on endangered species and the limited repertoire of conservationist strategies then available, the article extends our understanding of early twentieth-century discourses on avian extinction in Australia. It also offers an assessment of the conservationist efforts of Alec Chisholm, an amateur ornithologist who had a major role in the rediscovery of the Paradise Parrot and in subsequently publicising its plight.","PeriodicalId":51246,"journal":{"name":"Historical Records of Australian Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47222779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sally Smith (1941–2019) was a world leader in the study of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses between plants and soil fungi that allow a wide range of plants to grow in soils low in nutrients, especially phosphate (Fig. 1). Her work has been relevant to both plant ecology and agricultural productivity. Sally obtained a tenurable position at the University of Adelaide after many years’ employment on short-term contracts. She rapidly developed a large and active group that researched at scales ranging from advanced microscopy through molecular biology and physiology to plant ecology. Sally established long-standing international collaborations and was awarded many honours. She was a keen cook and gardener, and became an avid birdwatcher, travelling the world with her husband Andrew in pursuit of their hobby. Fig. 1.Sally on her election to the Australian Academy of Science, 2001. Photographer unknown. Reproduced with the permission of the Australian Academy of Science.
{"title":"Sarah Elizabeth Smith 1941–2019","authors":"F. Smith, T. Cavagnaro, S. Dickson","doi":"10.1071/HR20018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/HR20018","url":null,"abstract":"Sally Smith (1941–2019) was a world leader in the study of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses between plants and soil fungi that allow a wide range of plants to grow in soils low in nutrients, especially phosphate (Fig. 1). Her work has been relevant to both plant ecology and agricultural productivity. Sally obtained a tenurable position at the University of Adelaide after many years’ employment on short-term contracts. She rapidly developed a large and active group that researched at scales ranging from advanced microscopy through molecular biology and physiology to plant ecology. Sally established long-standing international collaborations and was awarded many honours. She was a keen cook and gardener, and became an avid birdwatcher, travelling the world with her husband Andrew in pursuit of their hobby. Fig. 1.Sally on her election to the Australian Academy of Science, 2001. Photographer unknown. Reproduced with the permission of the Australian Academy of Science.","PeriodicalId":51246,"journal":{"name":"Historical Records of Australian Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59255974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This bibliography includes material relating to the history of science and technology in Australia and its near neighbours, including New Zealand, Papua New Guinea and islands of the Pacific Ocean, and Antarctica. Most was published in the twelve months to September 2020. The range of subjects covered includes the natural sciences (physical sciences, biological sciences, earth sciences and mathematics), some applied sciences (including medical sciences, agriculture, engineering and technology), and human sciences. Biographical items on practitioners of these sciences are also included. books subjects covered. State and Library New Zealand Te Papa Ma¯tauranga O Aotearoa.
该参考书目包括与澳大利亚及其邻国(包括新西兰、巴布亚新几内亚和太平洋岛屿以及南极洲)的科学技术史有关的材料。大多数是在截至2020年9月的12个月内发表的。所涵盖的学科范围包括自然科学(物理科学、生物科学、地球科学和数学)、一些应用科学(包括医学、农业、工程和技术)以及人文科学。这些科学的从业人员的传记项目也包括在内。书的主题涵盖。新西兰国家和图书馆:the Papa Ma¯tauranga O Aotearoa。
{"title":"Bibliography of the history of Australian science, no. 41, 2019/20","authors":"Compiled by Helen M. Cohn","doi":"10.1071/HR21901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/HR21901","url":null,"abstract":"This bibliography includes material relating to the history of science and technology in Australia and its near neighbours, including New Zealand, Papua New Guinea and islands of the Pacific Ocean, and Antarctica. Most was published in the twelve months to September 2020. The range of subjects covered includes the natural sciences (physical sciences, biological sciences, earth sciences and mathematics), some applied sciences (including medical sciences, agriculture, engineering and technology), and human sciences. Biographical items on practitioners of these sciences are also included. books subjects covered. State and Library New Zealand Te Papa Ma¯tauranga O Aotearoa.","PeriodicalId":51246,"journal":{"name":"Historical Records of Australian Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59256233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thirty years after the first International Astronomical Union general assembly in Australia, another was held, again in Sydney. Organisation of the 2003 general assembly was complex as the IAU and would-be participants had much greater expectations than at the previous event. Australia had been awarded the 2003 general assembly six years earlier during the assembly at Kyoto, Japan. Full advantage was taken of the intervening time with the setting up of a National Organising Committee that planned the conference together with a professional conference organiser. Formal responsibility for the conference was undertaken by the Astronomical Society of Australia since that role had to be undertaken by a legally constituted body. As the date of the general assembly approached there were fears of insufficient registered participants to cover expenses due to the discouragement of international travel by terrorist incidents, the Iraq war and, especially, the SARS epidemic. In the end, the conference had a good response so that it could go ahead with an opening at the Sydney Opera House and could offer a wide-ranging scientific program. There were numerous related meetings, such as those on women in astronomy, astronomical education and light pollution. As well, an extensive outreach program brought astronomy not only to people in Sydney, but to people around the country.
{"title":"Australia and the International Astronomical Union: the 2003 Sydney General Assembly","authors":"N. Lomb","doi":"10.1071/hr20015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/hr20015","url":null,"abstract":"Thirty years after the first International Astronomical Union general assembly in Australia, another was held, again in Sydney. Organisation of the 2003 general assembly was complex as the IAU and would-be participants had much greater expectations than at the previous event. Australia had been awarded the 2003 general assembly six years earlier during the assembly at Kyoto, Japan. Full advantage was taken of the intervening time with the setting up of a National Organising Committee that planned the conference together with a professional conference organiser. Formal responsibility for the conference was undertaken by the Astronomical Society of Australia since that role had to be undertaken by a legally constituted body. As the date of the general assembly approached there were fears of insufficient registered participants to cover expenses due to the discouragement of international travel by terrorist incidents, the Iraq war and, especially, the SARS epidemic. In the end, the conference had a good response so that it could go ahead with an opening at the Sydney Opera House and could offer a wide-ranging scientific program. There were numerous related meetings, such as those on women in astronomy, astronomical education and light pollution. As well, an extensive outreach program brought astronomy not only to people in Sydney, but to people around the country.","PeriodicalId":51246,"journal":{"name":"Historical Records of Australian Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48848164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During World War 2, Sir Mark Oliphant began to plan for the construction of the world’s first proton synchrotron at the University of Birmingham. In March 1945, he offered a research fellowship to an enthusiastic and highly commended young physicist, John Stanley Gooden. Gooden had graduated from the University of Adelaide in 1941, and been working at the Radiophysics Laboratory, Sydney on radar research. With his wife, he arrived in Birmingham at the end of 1945, and immediately began work on the mathematical theory, design and construction of the proton accelerator. His enthusiasm and work ethic were infectious, and he soon became the project leader. In the latter part of 1947, Oliphant arranged for Gooden and John Fremlin to visit nuclear research facilities in the United States of America (USA) to gain knowledge about American plans for proton accelerators. They spent most of their time at the Radiation Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley and at Brookhaven National Laboratory, New York. The United Kingdom (UK) was exhausted after the war, and despite the best efforts of Gooden and Oliphant’s team, the construction of the synchrotron was slow. In 1947, Oliphant accepted a position as head of the Research School of Physical Sciences at the new Australian National University in Canberra. Gooden was the first staff appointment to the school. Oliphant planned to build a cyclosynchrotron at the university with Gooden as team leader. Tragically, in 1950, Gooden’s chronic nephritis deteriorated, and he died on 9 June 1950. Described by Oliphant as ‘my most brilliant student’, Gooden pioneered the theoretical basis and construction of the proton synchrotron. The Birmingham machine was finally completed in 1953, a year after the Brookhaven Cosmotron.
{"title":"John Gooden and the Birmingham proton synchrotron","authors":"B. Gooden","doi":"10.1071/hr20008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/hr20008","url":null,"abstract":"During World War 2, Sir Mark Oliphant began to plan for the construction of the world’s first proton synchrotron at the University of Birmingham. In March 1945, he offered a research fellowship to an enthusiastic and highly commended young physicist, John Stanley Gooden. Gooden had graduated from the University of Adelaide in 1941, and been working at the Radiophysics Laboratory, Sydney on radar research. With his wife, he arrived in Birmingham at the end of 1945, and immediately began work on the mathematical theory, design and construction of the proton accelerator. His enthusiasm and work ethic were infectious, and he soon became the project leader. In the latter part of 1947, Oliphant arranged for Gooden and John Fremlin to visit nuclear research facilities in the United States of America (USA) to gain knowledge about American plans for proton accelerators. They spent most of their time at the Radiation Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley and at Brookhaven National Laboratory, New York. The United Kingdom (UK) was exhausted after the war, and despite the best efforts of Gooden and Oliphant’s team, the construction of the synchrotron was slow. In 1947, Oliphant accepted a position as head of the Research School of Physical Sciences at the new Australian National University in Canberra. Gooden was the first staff appointment to the school. Oliphant planned to build a cyclosynchrotron at the university with Gooden as team leader. Tragically, in 1950, Gooden’s chronic nephritis deteriorated, and he died on 9 June 1950. Described by Oliphant as ‘my most brilliant student’, Gooden pioneered the theoretical basis and construction of the proton synchrotron. The Birmingham machine was finally completed in 1953, a year after the Brookhaven Cosmotron.","PeriodicalId":51246,"journal":{"name":"Historical Records of Australian Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43921551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
William Hann’s Northern Expedition set off on 26 June 1872 from Mount Surprise, a pastoral station west of Townsville, to determine the mineral and agricultural potential of Cape York Peninsula. The expedition was plagued by disharmony and there was later strong criticism of the leadership and its failure to provide any meaningful analysis of the findings. The authors (a descendent of Norman Taylor, expedition geologist, and a descendent of Jerry, Indigenous guide and translator) use documentary sources and traditional knowledge to establish the role of Jerry in the expedition. They argue that while Hann acknowledged Jerry’s assistance to the expedition, his role has been downplayed by later commentators.
{"title":"A re-examination of William Hann's Northern Expedition of 1872 to Cape York Peninsula, Queensland","authors":"P. Taylor, Nicole Huxley","doi":"10.1071/hr20014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/hr20014","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000William Hann’s Northern Expedition set off on 26 June 1872 from Mount Surprise, a pastoral station west of Townsville, to determine the mineral and agricultural potential of Cape York Peninsula. The expedition was plagued by disharmony and there was later strong criticism of the leadership and its failure to provide any meaningful analysis of the findings. The authors (a descendent of Norman Taylor, expedition geologist, and a descendent of Jerry, Indigenous guide and translator) use documentary sources and traditional knowledge to establish the role of Jerry in the expedition. They argue that while Hann acknowledged Jerry’s assistance to the expedition, his role has been downplayed by later commentators.\u0000","PeriodicalId":51246,"journal":{"name":"Historical Records of Australian Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48477758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The primary function of CSIR, founded in 1926, was to promote primary and secondary industries in Australia. In its first decade, CSIR developed a successful model for delivering research of benefit to the primary sector. The period from the late 1930s was characterised by the expansion of CSIR, notably into secondary-industry research, and its wide-ranging and effective response to the industry and government demands during the Second World War. In the post-war years CSIR placed increasing emphasis on longer term, underlying research, as the way to benefit Australian industry. This shift raised problems for technology transfer to the secondary industry sector; it also shaped the agenda of CSIR’s successor organisation, CSIRO, in the decades after its formation in 1949.
{"title":"CSIR and Australian industry: 1926–49","authors":"Garrett Upstill, T. Spurling, T. Healy","doi":"10.1071/hr20012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/hr20012","url":null,"abstract":"The primary function of CSIR, founded in 1926, was to promote primary and secondary industries in Australia. In its first decade, CSIR developed a successful model for delivering research of benefit to the primary sector. The period from the late 1930s was characterised by the expansion of CSIR, notably into secondary-industry research, and its wide-ranging and effective response to the industry and government demands during the Second World War. In the post-war years CSIR placed increasing emphasis on longer term, underlying research, as the way to benefit Australian industry. This shift raised problems for technology transfer to the secondary industry sector; it also shaped the agenda of CSIR’s successor organisation, CSIRO, in the decades after its formation in 1949.","PeriodicalId":51246,"journal":{"name":"Historical Records of Australian Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46062789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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