The present study proposes the acoustic parameter of fundamental frequency (F0) as an alternative method for gauging interpreters’ cognitive load and fatigue during simultaneous interpreting (SI). The data collected from an English-Chinese SI experiment reported in Shao and Chai (2021) were re-analysed for the purposes of this study. Cognitive load was measured as the number of undelivered information chunks within the ear-voice span (EVS), whereas fatigue was assumed to increase with time. F0 variables were correlated with cognitive load within the EVS of selected sentences and with fatigue in one-minute segments distributed over the entire interpreting performance. The results show that cognitive constructs are associated in various ways with F0-related variables. Higher F0 peaks and a wider F0 range appear to be associated with higher cognitive load in a majority of interpreters. A higher mean F0 and, to a lesser extent, higher F0 peaks are associated with fatigue. The findings suggest that F0 could be used as a promising indicator of cognitive load and fatigue in SI.
{"title":"Fundamental frequency as an acoustic mirror of interpreters’ cognitive states","authors":"Zhangminzi Shao, Bart Defrancq","doi":"10.1075/intp.00107.sha","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/intp.00107.sha","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The present study proposes the acoustic parameter of fundamental frequency (F0) as an alternative method for gauging interpreters’ cognitive load and fatigue during simultaneous interpreting (SI). The data collected from an English-Chinese SI experiment reported in Shao and Chai (2021) were re-analysed for the purposes of this study. Cognitive load was measured as the number of undelivered information chunks within the ear-voice span (EVS), whereas fatigue was assumed to increase with time. F0 variables were correlated with cognitive load within the EVS of selected sentences and with fatigue in one-minute segments distributed over the entire interpreting performance. The results show that cognitive constructs are associated in various ways with F0-related variables. Higher F0 peaks and a wider F0 range appear to be associated with higher cognitive load in a majority of interpreters. A higher mean F0 and, to a lesser extent, higher F0 peaks are associated with fatigue. The findings suggest that F0 could be used as a promising indicator of cognitive load and fatigue in SI.","PeriodicalId":512697,"journal":{"name":"Interpreting. International Journal of Research and Practice in Interpreting","volume":"10 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141927672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of Corpas Pastor & Defrancq (2023): Interpreting technologies – current and future trends","authors":"Óscar Jiménez Serrano","doi":"10.1075/intp.00106.jim","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/intp.00106.jim","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":512697,"journal":{"name":"Interpreting. International Journal of Research and Practice in Interpreting","volume":"35 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141803217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The trend towards remote interpreting has caused a radical change for interpreters worldwide, one that has shifted their workplace from well-known physical spaces to new digital spaces. Research to date has documented specific settings, language combinations and/or interpreting modes, and it has usually focused on certain forms of remote interpreting (e.g., video remote interpreting, video relay service). The combinations of different characteristics and factors in remote interpreting are almost infinite, however, and single terms fail to depict and cover all possible variations. This article proposes an analytical framework that uses conceptualisations of space, body and presence to analyse interpreting assignments in digital spaces, regardless of language combination, setting and mode. Two examples are used to illustrate the application of this framework: a hybrid conference and a meeting in virtual reality (VR), both of them involving sign language interpreting. The use of VR has undergone a substantial increase in the past few years, having developed rapidly. It is therefore possible that future interpreting assignments might take place in this new digital space. The application of these two scenarios shows that the analytical framework can be used both to reflect on past and to anticipate future assignments.
{"title":"Space, body and presence","authors":"Tiana Jerkovic","doi":"10.1075/intp.00105.jer","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/intp.00105.jer","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The trend towards remote interpreting has caused a radical change for interpreters worldwide, one that has shifted\u0000 their workplace from well-known physical spaces to new digital spaces. Research to date has documented specific settings, language\u0000 combinations and/or interpreting modes, and it has usually focused on certain forms of remote interpreting (e.g., video remote\u0000 interpreting, video relay service). The combinations of different characteristics and factors in remote interpreting are almost\u0000 infinite, however, and single terms fail to depict and cover all possible variations. This article proposes an analytical\u0000 framework that uses conceptualisations of space, body and presence to analyse interpreting assignments in digital spaces,\u0000 regardless of language combination, setting and mode. Two examples are used to illustrate the application of this framework: a\u0000 hybrid conference and a meeting in virtual reality (VR), both of them involving sign language interpreting. The use of VR has\u0000 undergone a substantial increase in the past few years, having developed rapidly. It is therefore possible that future\u0000 interpreting assignments might take place in this new digital space. The application of these two scenarios shows that the\u0000 analytical framework can be used both to reflect on past and to anticipate future assignments.","PeriodicalId":512697,"journal":{"name":"Interpreting. International Journal of Research and Practice in Interpreting","volume":"103 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141667198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigates the visual processing patterns during computer-assisted consecutive interpreting (CACI). In phase I of the proposed CACI workflow, the interpreter listens to the source speech and respeaks it into speech recognition (SR) software. In phase II, the interpreter produces target speech supported by the SR text and its machine translation (MT) output. A group of students performed CACI with their eye movements tracked. In phase I, the participants devoted the majority of their attention to listening and respeaking, with very limited attention distributed to the SR text. However, a positive correlation was found between the percentage of dwell time on the SR text and the quality of respeaking, which suggests that active monitoring could be important. In phase II, the participants devoted more visual attention to the MT text than to the SR text and engaged in deeper and more effortful processing when reading the MT text. We identified a positive correlation between the percentage of dwell time on the MT text and interpreting quality in the L2–L1 direction but not in the L1–L2 direction. These results contribute to our understanding of computer-assisted interpreting and can provide insights for future research and training in this area.
本研究调查了计算机辅助交替传译（CACI）过程中的视觉处理模式。在拟议的 CACI 工作流程的第一阶段，口译员聆听源语音并将其重述到语音识别 (SR) 软件中。在第二阶段，口译员在 SR 文本及其机器翻译 (MT) 输出的支持下生成目标语音。一组学生在眼动跟踪下进行 CACI。在第一阶段，学员们将大部分注意力放在听和重说上，对 SR 文本的注意力非常有限。不过，在 SR 文本上停留的时间百分比与复述质量之间存在正相关，这表明主动监测可能很重要。在第二阶段，与 SR 文本相比，学员对 MT 文本投入了更多的视觉注意力，并且在阅读 MT 文本时进行了更深入、更努力的加工。我们发现在 MT 文本上的停留时间百分比与 L2-L1 方向上的口译质量之间存在正相关，但在 L1-L2 方向上则没有。这些结果有助于我们理解计算机辅助口译，并为该领域未来的研究和培训提供启示。
{"title":"Visual processing during computer-assisted consecutive interpreting","authors":"Sijia Chen, Jan-Louis Kruger","doi":"10.1075/intp.00104.che","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/intp.00104.che","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study investigates the visual processing patterns during computer-assisted consecutive interpreting (CACI).\u0000 In phase I of the proposed CACI workflow, the interpreter listens to the source speech and respeaks it into speech recognition\u0000 (SR) software. In phase II, the interpreter produces target speech supported by the SR text and its machine translation (MT)\u0000 output. A group of students performed CACI with their eye movements tracked. In phase I, the participants devoted the majority of\u0000 their attention to listening and respeaking, with very limited attention distributed to the SR text. However, a positive\u0000 correlation was found between the percentage of dwell time on the SR text and the quality of respeaking, which suggests that\u0000 active monitoring could be important. In phase II, the participants devoted more visual attention to the MT text than to the SR\u0000 text and engaged in deeper and more effortful processing when reading the MT text. We identified a positive correlation between\u0000 the percentage of dwell time on the MT text and interpreting quality in the L2–L1 direction but not in the L1–L2 direction. These\u0000 results contribute to our understanding of computer-assisted interpreting and can provide insights for future research and\u0000 training in this area.","PeriodicalId":512697,"journal":{"name":"Interpreting. International Journal of Research and Practice in Interpreting","volume":" 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141675961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article highlights some ethical questions in activist interpreting in the context of transnational patient mobility, with a specific focus on abortion travel from Poland to Austria. It presents a case study of Ciocia Wienia, a Vienna-based activist collective which facilitates access to abortion mainly for Poles and provides support and interpreting services in abortion clinics. Drawing primarily on the literature on activist interpreting and feminist interpreting and a corpus of 13 in-depth qualitative interviews with members and associates of the collective, this study explores ethical dilemmas experienced by the activist interpreters. We investigate the ways in which their translation choices are interwoven with the feminist and pro-choice agenda that the collective embraces. Our data show that Ciocia Wienia has developed a feminist approach to interpreting, one strongly informed by its political agenda. The activists adopt interventionist and sometimes highly visible strategies of interpreting, including direct confrontation or negotiation with clinic staff, and have much leeway to use an array of strategies of divergent rendition. While the priority of activist interpreters is to support and protect the women they assist, they also risk impairing patient autonomy and service-providers’ control over interactions.
{"title":"“The heart will stop beating”","authors":"Magdalena Bartłomiejczyk, Sonja Pöllabauer, Viktoria Straczek-Helios","doi":"10.1075/intp.00103.bar","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/intp.00103.bar","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article highlights some ethical questions in activist interpreting in the context of transnational patient\u0000 mobility, with a specific focus on abortion travel from Poland to Austria. It presents a case study of Ciocia Wienia, a\u0000 Vienna-based activist collective which facilitates access to abortion mainly for Poles and provides support and interpreting\u0000 services in abortion clinics. Drawing primarily on the literature on activist interpreting and feminist interpreting and a corpus\u0000 of 13 in-depth qualitative interviews with members and associates of the collective, this study explores ethical dilemmas\u0000 experienced by the activist interpreters. We investigate the ways in which their translation choices are interwoven with the\u0000 feminist and pro-choice agenda that the collective embraces. Our data show that Ciocia Wienia has developed a feminist approach to\u0000 interpreting, one strongly informed by its political agenda. The activists adopt interventionist and sometimes highly visible\u0000 strategies of interpreting, including direct confrontation or negotiation with clinic staff, and have much leeway to use an array\u0000 of strategies of divergent rendition. While the priority of activist interpreters is to support and protect the women they assist,\u0000 they also risk impairing patient autonomy and service-providers’ control over interactions.","PeriodicalId":512697,"journal":{"name":"Interpreting. International Journal of Research and Practice in Interpreting","volume":"112 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140381635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article analyses public service interpreters’ self-perceptions of the role played by their gender in their professional practice, a matter unexplored until now in interpreting studies. Through a thematic analysis of 95 responses to a qualitative online survey in Finland, the United Kingdom and Spain, this study identified (1) whether interpreters perceive their gender as significant in interpreter-mediated encounters; (2) in which situations interpreters believe their gender to be relevant; (3) the reasons why gender becomes significant in interpreter-mediated encounters, and (4) whether the interpreter’s gender has an impact on their credibility and trust-building. The results suggest that the interpreter’s gender plays a significant role in their interactions, having an impact on both the interpreter’s and the client’s experience. The participants highlight the significance of the interpreter’s gender, especially in healthcare situations, and discuss it in connection with the client’s level of comfort and preference; relatability based on shared experiences, gender biases and expectations; sexism; intersectionality, and the interpreter’s visibility. These results are examined with respect to the literature on gender in interpreting studies and paths for future research are suggested.
{"title":"“You are a woman, so you understand what I mean”","authors":"Carmen Acosta Vicente","doi":"10.1075/intp.00101.aco","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/intp.00101.aco","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article analyses public service interpreters’ self-perceptions of the role played by their gender in their\u0000 professional practice, a matter unexplored until now in interpreting studies. Through a thematic analysis of 95 responses to a\u0000 qualitative online survey in Finland, the United Kingdom and Spain, this study identified (1) whether interpreters perceive their\u0000 gender as significant in interpreter-mediated encounters; (2) in which situations interpreters believe their gender to be\u0000 relevant; (3) the reasons why gender becomes significant in interpreter-mediated encounters, and (4) whether the interpreter’s\u0000 gender has an impact on their credibility and trust-building. The results suggest that the interpreter’s gender plays a\u0000 significant role in their interactions, having an impact on both the interpreter’s and the client’s experience. The participants\u0000 highlight the significance of the interpreter’s gender, especially in healthcare situations, and discuss it in connection with the\u0000 client’s level of comfort and preference; relatability based on shared experiences, gender biases and expectations; sexism;\u0000 intersectionality, and the interpreter’s visibility. These results are examined with respect to the literature on gender in\u0000 interpreting studies and paths for future research are suggested.","PeriodicalId":512697,"journal":{"name":"Interpreting. International Journal of Research and Practice in Interpreting","volume":"96 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139605968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of Fitzmaurice (2021): The role of the educational interpreter: Perceptions of administrators and teachers & Winston & Fitzmaurice (2021): Advances in educational interpreting","authors":"Graham H. Turner","doi":"10.1075/intp.00102.tur","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/intp.00102.tur","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":512697,"journal":{"name":"Interpreting. International Journal of Research and Practice in Interpreting","volume":"57 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139606588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study introduces a groundbreaking automated methodology for measuring ear–voice span (EVS) in simultaneous interpreting (SI). Traditionally, assessing EVS – a critical temporal metric in SI – has been hampered by labour-intensive and time-consuming manual methods that are prone to inconsistency. To overcome these challenges, our research harnesses state-of-the-art natural language processing (NLP) technologies, including automatic speech recognition (ASR), sentence boundary detection (SBD) and cross-lingual alignment, to automate EVS measurement. We deployed a comprehensive array of NLP models and evaluated the automated pipelines on a 20-hour English-to-Portuguese SI corpus which featured 57 varied audio pairings. The findings are encouraging: the most effective model combination achieved a median EVS error of less than 0.1 seconds across the corpus. Moreover, the automated pipelines exhibited a high level of accuracy, strong correlation and substantial agreement with manual measurements when assessing median EVS for individual audio pairs. Despite these satisfactory results, certain challenges persist with some NLP models, indicating clear avenues for future research. This study not only introduces a groundbreaking approach to large-scale EVS measurement but also propels the automation of process analysis in Interpreting Studies.
{"title":"From manual to machine","authors":"Meng Guo, Lili Han","doi":"10.1075/intp.00100.guo","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/intp.00100.guo","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study introduces a groundbreaking automated methodology for measuring ear–voice span (EVS) in simultaneous\u0000 interpreting (SI). Traditionally, assessing EVS – a critical temporal metric in SI – has been hampered by labour-intensive and\u0000 time-consuming manual methods that are prone to inconsistency. To overcome these challenges, our research harnesses\u0000 state-of-the-art natural language processing (NLP) technologies, including automatic speech recognition (ASR), sentence boundary\u0000 detection (SBD) and cross-lingual alignment, to automate EVS measurement. We deployed a comprehensive array of NLP models and\u0000 evaluated the automated pipelines on a 20-hour English-to-Portuguese SI corpus which featured 57 varied audio pairings. The\u0000 findings are encouraging: the most effective model combination achieved a median EVS error of less than 0.1 seconds across the\u0000 corpus. Moreover, the automated pipelines exhibited a high level of accuracy, strong correlation and substantial agreement with\u0000 manual measurements when assessing median EVS for individual audio pairs. Despite these satisfactory results, certain challenges\u0000 persist with some NLP models, indicating clear avenues for future research. This study not only introduces a groundbreaking\u0000 approach to large-scale EVS measurement but also propels the automation of process analysis in Interpreting Studies.","PeriodicalId":512697,"journal":{"name":"Interpreting. International Journal of Research and Practice in Interpreting","volume":"207 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139622730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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