V. Tu, N. Furey, Tamás Görföl, A. Hassanin, S. Arai, D. Koyabu, Bounsavane Douangboubpha, G. Csorba
This study integrates analyses of mitochondrial DNA sequences and morphological and acoustic data to re-evaluate the taxonomic status of Rhinolophus rex rex, R. r. paradoxolophus and R. schnitzleri throughout their distribution ranges. Based on a dense geographic sampling of specimens hitherto referred to these taxa and contrary to the current taxonomic view, our results indicate that all examined specimens of these taxa are representatives of a single, widely distributed and morphologically variable species, R. rex. The recognition of its geographic populations as different subspecies (R. r. rex and R. r. paradoxolophus) or distinct species (R. schnitzleri) based on morphological and acoustic data should be regarded as invalid. In the light of this revision, we also reassess the conservation status of R. rex against IUCN Red List criteria as Near Threatened.
本研究结合线粒体DNA序列分析、形态学和声学数据，重新评估了雷克斯犀牛(Rhinolophus rex rex)、悖论犀牛(r.r. paradoxolophus)和尖鼻犀牛(r.r. schnitzleri)在其分布范围内的分类地位。与目前的分类观点相反，我们的研究结果表明，所有这些分类群的标本都是一个分布广泛、形态多变的单一物种——霸王龙的代表。基于形态学和声学资料将其地理种群划分为不同亚种(r.r rex和r.r paradoxolophus)或不同种(r.r schnitzleri)的观点是无效的。根据此次修订，我们还根据IUCN红色名录标准重新评估了霸王龙的保护状况，为近危物种。
{"title":"A taxonomic reassessment of Rhinolophus rex Allen, 1923 and its allies (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae)","authors":"V. Tu, N. Furey, Tamás Görföl, A. Hassanin, S. Arai, D. Koyabu, Bounsavane Douangboubpha, G. Csorba","doi":"10.3897/vz.73.e101487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.73.e101487","url":null,"abstract":"This study integrates analyses of mitochondrial DNA sequences and morphological and acoustic data to re-evaluate the taxonomic status of Rhinolophus rex rex, R. r. paradoxolophus and R. schnitzleri throughout their distribution ranges. Based on a dense geographic sampling of specimens hitherto referred to these taxa and contrary to the current taxonomic view, our results indicate that all examined specimens of these taxa are representatives of a single, widely distributed and morphologically variable species, R. rex. The recognition of its geographic populations as different subspecies (R. r. rex and R. r. paradoxolophus) or distinct species (R. schnitzleri) based on morphological and acoustic data should be regarded as invalid. In the light of this revision, we also reassess the conservation status of R. rex against IUCN Red List criteria as Near Threatened.","PeriodicalId":51290,"journal":{"name":"Vertebrate Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41977006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bitupan Boruah, V. Deepak, N. G. Patel, V. Jithin, Tajum Yomcha, Abhijit Das
Abstract We describe a new species of rhacophorid frog of the genus Gracixalus from northeast India based on molecular, morphological and acoustic evidence. The new species, formally described herein as Gracixalus patkaiensissp. nov., is morphologically distinct from other congeners by a suite of morphological characters such as snout-vent length 23.6–26.5 mm in adult males; green dorsum with irregular brown spots; dorsal skin shagreened with numerous spinules; snout shape nearly acuminate in dorsal and ventral view; a prominent dark streak along the cranial margins; white reticulations along lateral side and ventrum distinct in life. Genetically, the new taxon is found to differ from all the recognized Gracixalus species by 4–14.8% divergence in the 16S mitochondrial gene. The discovery confirms the presence of genus Gracixalus from the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh underlines the importance of biological exploration even in well-known protected areas of India.
{"title":"A new species of green tree frog of the genus Gracixalus (Anura: Rhacophoridae) from the evergreen forest of Northeast India","authors":"Bitupan Boruah, V. Deepak, N. G. Patel, V. Jithin, Tajum Yomcha, Abhijit Das","doi":"10.3897/vz.73.e98444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.73.e98444","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Abstract\u0000 \u0000 We describe a new species of rhacophorid frog of the genus Gracixalus from northeast India based on molecular, morphological and acoustic evidence. The new species, formally described herein as Gracixalus patkaiensissp. nov., is morphologically distinct from other congeners by a suite of morphological characters such as snout-vent length 23.6–26.5 mm in adult males; green dorsum with irregular brown spots; dorsal skin shagreened with numerous spinules; snout shape nearly acuminate in dorsal and ventral view; a prominent dark streak along the cranial margins; white reticulations along lateral side and ventrum distinct in life. Genetically, the new taxon is found to differ from all the recognized Gracixalus species by 4–14.8% divergence in the 16S mitochondrial gene. The discovery confirms the presence of genus Gracixalus from the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh underlines the importance of biological exploration even in well-known protected areas of India.","PeriodicalId":51290,"journal":{"name":"Vertebrate Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47219717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
U. Fritz, C. Kehlmaier, R. Scott, R. Fournier, J. Mccranie, Natalia Gallego-García
Using 3226-bp-long mtDNA sequences and five nuclear loci (Cmos, ODC, R35, Rag1, Rag2, together 3409 bp), we examine genetic differentiation and relationships of Central American slider turtles (Trachemys grayi, T. venusta). Our investigation also included samples from taxa endemic to North America (T. gaigeae, T. scripta), the Antilles (T. decorata, T. decussata, T. stejnegeri, T. terrapen), and South America (T. dorbigni, T. medemi plus the two T. venusta subspecies endemic to northern South America). Our mitochondrial phylogeny retrieves all studied species as distinct, with three well-supported clades in a polytomy: (1) the Central and South American species (T. grayi + T. venusta) + (T. dorbigni + T. medemi), (2) the Antillean species, and (3) T. gaigeae + T. scripta. Our nuclear DNA analyses also suggest three distinct but conflicting clusters: (1) T. scripta plus the Antillean species, (2) T. gaigeae, and (3) the Central and South American species T. dorbigni, T. grayi, T. medemi, and T. venusta. However, in the mitochondrial phylogeny, T. gaigeae is the little divergent sister taxon of T. scripta. This conflicting placement of T. gaigeae suggests a distinct evolutionary trajectory and old hybridization with T. scripta and mitochondrial capture. Despite prominent color pattern differences, genetic divergences within T. grayi and T. venusta are shallow and the taxonomic diversity of each species with several currently recognized subspecies could be overestimated. Finally, we provide for the first time evidence for the occurrence of T. grayi along the Caribbean versant of Costa Rica.
利用3226 bp长的mtDNA序列和5个核位点(cmo、ODC、R35、Rag1、Rag2，共3409 bp)，研究了中美洲滑龟(Trachemys grayi, T. venusta)的遗传分化和亲缘关系。我们的调查还包括来自北美特有的分类群(gaigeae、scripta)、安的列斯群岛(decorata、decussata、stejnegeri、terrapen)和南美洲(dorbigni、medemi和南美洲北部特有的两个venusta亚种)的样本。我们的线粒体系统发育检索了所有被研究的物种，在一个多分类学中有三个得到良好支持的分支:(1)中南美洲物种(T. grayi + T. venusta) + (T. dorbigni + T. medemi)，(2)安的列斯物种，(3)T. gaigeae + T. scripta。我们的核DNA分析还显示了三个不同但相互冲突的类群:(1)scripta加安的列斯物种，(2)gaigeae，以及(3)中美洲和南美洲的T. dorbigni, T. grayi, T. medemi和T. venusta。然而，在线粒体系统发育中，gaigeae是T. scripta的小分化姐妹分类单元。这种相互矛盾的位置表明了不同的进化轨迹和与scripta的古老杂交以及线粒体捕获。尽管灰衣T. gray和黄衣T. venusta在颜色模式上存在显著差异，但遗传差异较浅，并且每个物种的分类多样性与目前已知的几个亚种可能被高估。最后，我们首次提供了沿哥斯达黎加的加勒比海地区的T. grayi发生的证据。
{"title":"Central American Trachemys revisited: New sampling questions current understanding of taxonomy and distribution (Testudines: Emydidae)","authors":"U. Fritz, C. Kehlmaier, R. Scott, R. Fournier, J. Mccranie, Natalia Gallego-García","doi":"10.3897/vz.73.e104438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.73.e104438","url":null,"abstract":"Using 3226-bp-long mtDNA sequences and five nuclear loci (Cmos, ODC, R35, Rag1, Rag2, together 3409 bp), we examine genetic differentiation and relationships of Central American slider turtles (Trachemys grayi, T. venusta). Our investigation also included samples from taxa endemic to North America (T. gaigeae, T. scripta), the Antilles (T. decorata, T. decussata, T. stejnegeri, T. terrapen), and South America (T. dorbigni, T. medemi plus the two T. venusta subspecies endemic to northern South America). Our mitochondrial phylogeny retrieves all studied species as distinct, with three well-supported clades in a polytomy: (1) the Central and South American species (T. grayi + T. venusta) + (T. dorbigni + T. medemi), (2) the Antillean species, and (3) T. gaigeae + T. scripta. Our nuclear DNA analyses also suggest three distinct but conflicting clusters: (1) T. scripta plus the Antillean species, (2) T. gaigeae, and (3) the Central and South American species T. dorbigni, T. grayi, T. medemi, and T. venusta. However, in the mitochondrial phylogeny, T. gaigeae is the little divergent sister taxon of T. scripta. This conflicting placement of T. gaigeae suggests a distinct evolutionary trajectory and old hybridization with T. scripta and mitochondrial capture. Despite prominent color pattern differences, genetic divergences within T. grayi and T. venusta are shallow and the taxonomic diversity of each species with several currently recognized subspecies could be overestimated. Finally, we provide for the first time evidence for the occurrence of T. grayi along the Caribbean versant of Costa Rica.","PeriodicalId":51290,"journal":{"name":"Vertebrate Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47963066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Petr Papežík, P. Mikulíček, M. Benovics, M. Balogová, L. Choleva, Marie Doležálková-Kaštánková, P. Lymberakis, Edvárd Mizsei, Simona Papežíková, N. Poulakakis, E. Saçdanaku, Márton Szabolcs, R. Šanda, M. Uhrin, J. Vukić, D. Jablonski
The genus Pelophylax (water frogs) includes relatively common, widely distributed, and even invasive species, but also endemic taxa with small ranges and limited knowledge concerning their ecology and evolution. Among poorly studied species belong endemics of the southwestern Balkans, namely Pelophylax shqipericus, P. epeiroticus and P. kurtmuelleri. In this study, we focused on the genetic variability of these species aiming to reveal their phylogeographic patterns and Quaternary history. We used 1,088 published and newly obtained sequences of the mitochondrial ND2 gene and a variety of analyses, including molecular phylogenetics and dating, historical demography, and species distribution modeling (SDM). We revelated the existence of two mitochondrial lineages within P. epeiroticus and P. shqipericus that diverged at ~ 0.9 Mya and ~ 0.8 Mya, respectively. Contrarily, no deeply diverged lineages were found in P. kurtmuelleri. Pelophylax kurtmuelleri also shows a close phylogenetic relationship with widely distributed P. ridibundus, suggesting that both represent one evolutionary clade called here P. ridibundus/kurtmuelleri. The estimated split between both lineages in the clade P. ridibundus/kurtmuelleri date back to ~ 0.6 Mya. The divergence between the ridibundus and kurtmuelleri lineages on the ND2 gene is thus lower than the divergence between the two lineages found in P. epeiroticus and P. shqipericus. According to haplotype networks, demographic analyses, and SDM, endemic water frogs survived the last glacial maximum (LGM) in Balkan microrefugia, and their distribution has not changed significantly or even retracted since the LGM. Haplotypes of the kurtmuelleri lineage were also found in northern parts of Europe, where haplotype diversity is however much lower than in the Balkans, suggesting the possible hypothesis of their postglacial expansion to the north.
{"title":"Comparative mitochondrial phylogeography of water frogs (Ranidae: Pelophylax spp.) from the southwestern Balkans","authors":"Petr Papežík, P. Mikulíček, M. Benovics, M. Balogová, L. Choleva, Marie Doležálková-Kaštánková, P. Lymberakis, Edvárd Mizsei, Simona Papežíková, N. Poulakakis, E. Saçdanaku, Márton Szabolcs, R. Šanda, M. Uhrin, J. Vukić, D. Jablonski","doi":"10.3897/vz.73.e95220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.73.e95220","url":null,"abstract":"The genus Pelophylax (water frogs) includes relatively common, widely distributed, and even invasive species, but also endemic taxa with small ranges and limited knowledge concerning their ecology and evolution. Among poorly studied species belong endemics of the southwestern Balkans, namely Pelophylax shqipericus, P. epeiroticus and P. kurtmuelleri. In this study, we focused on the genetic variability of these species aiming to reveal their phylogeographic patterns and Quaternary history. We used 1,088 published and newly obtained sequences of the mitochondrial ND2 gene and a variety of analyses, including molecular phylogenetics and dating, historical demography, and species distribution modeling (SDM). We revelated the existence of two mitochondrial lineages within P. epeiroticus and P. shqipericus that diverged at ~ 0.9 Mya and ~ 0.8 Mya, respectively. Contrarily, no deeply diverged lineages were found in P. kurtmuelleri. Pelophylax kurtmuelleri also shows a close phylogenetic relationship with widely distributed P. ridibundus, suggesting that both represent one evolutionary clade called here P. ridibundus/kurtmuelleri. The estimated split between both lineages in the clade P. ridibundus/kurtmuelleri date back to ~ 0.6 Mya. The divergence between the ridibundus and kurtmuelleri lineages on the ND2 gene is thus lower than the divergence between the two lineages found in P. epeiroticus and P. shqipericus. According to haplotype networks, demographic analyses, and SDM, endemic water frogs survived the last glacial maximum (LGM) in Balkan microrefugia, and their distribution has not changed significantly or even retracted since the LGM. Haplotypes of the kurtmuelleri lineage were also found in northern parts of Europe, where haplotype diversity is however much lower than in the Balkans, suggesting the possible hypothesis of their postglacial expansion to the north.","PeriodicalId":51290,"journal":{"name":"Vertebrate Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46549218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Narayanan, P. Christopher, K. Raman, Nilanjan Mukherjee, Ponmudi Prabhu, Maniezhilan Lenin, Sivangnanaboopathidoss Vimalraj, V. Deepak
A new large-bodied (SVL 101–109 mm) gecko of the genus Hemidactylus is described from the Gingee Hills in the Eastern Ghats of India. The new species is closely related to H. graniticolus and the recently described H. easai, from which it can be distinguished by its lower femoral pores count. The new species described here was previously identified as H. cf. graniticolus based only on the molecular data, pending its formal description. Our findings were consistent with the results from the molecular DNA analyses, showing that this population is morphologically distinct from other closely related species. As a result, we formally describe this lineage as a new species, providing a comprehensive description of its morphological characteristics based on a type series of five specimens and compare it with its congenerics.
{"title":"A new species of rock-dwelling Hemidactylus Goldfuss, 1820 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from the southern Eastern Ghats, India","authors":"S. Narayanan, P. Christopher, K. Raman, Nilanjan Mukherjee, Ponmudi Prabhu, Maniezhilan Lenin, Sivangnanaboopathidoss Vimalraj, V. Deepak","doi":"10.3897/vz.73.e104494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.73.e104494","url":null,"abstract":"A new large-bodied (SVL 101–109 mm) gecko of the genus Hemidactylus is described from the Gingee Hills in the Eastern Ghats of India. The new species is closely related to H. graniticolus and the recently described H. easai, from which it can be distinguished by its lower femoral pores count. The new species described here was previously identified as H. cf. graniticolus based only on the molecular data, pending its formal description. Our findings were consistent with the results from the molecular DNA analyses, showing that this population is morphologically distinct from other closely related species. As a result, we formally describe this lineage as a new species, providing a comprehensive description of its morphological characteristics based on a type series of five specimens and compare it with its congenerics.","PeriodicalId":51290,"journal":{"name":"Vertebrate Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44042911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We describe two new spotted species of ground-dwelling gecko of the genus Cyrtodactylus (Geckoella) from southeastern India in an integrative taxonomic framework. The new species are recovered as sister taxa within the C. collegalensis species complex, with 13.0–16.7% uncorrected mitochondrial sequence divergence from the other eight members of the C. collegalensis complex and 10.4% from one another. The new species are morphologically diagnosed by a spotted dorsal pattern of four pairs of spots (occasionally fused into figure 8-shaped markings) from the banded species C. aravindi, C. speciosus, C. rishivalleyensis and C. yakhuna; and from the spotted species with three or fewer pairs of spots in C. collegalensis and C. srilekhae; and from C. chengodumalaensis by the absence of any enlarged dorsal scales and from C. varadgirii by the absence of a patch of enlarged roughly hexagonal scales on the canthus rostralis and beneath the angle of the lower jaw. The two new species can only be differentiated from each other based on slight differences in body size, relative body width and other statistically significant, size-corrected morphometric characters. These are among the first endemic lizards from Tropical Dry Evergreen habitats along the southeast coast of India.
{"title":"Two new spotted species of the Cyrtodactylus (Geckoella) collegalensis (Beddome, 1870) complex from the south-eastern coast of India (Reptilia: Squamata)","authors":"Ishan Agarwal, T. Thackeray, Akshay Khandekar","doi":"10.3897/vz.73.e102602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.73.e102602","url":null,"abstract":"We describe two new spotted species of ground-dwelling gecko of the genus Cyrtodactylus (Geckoella) from southeastern India in an integrative taxonomic framework. The new species are recovered as sister taxa within the C. collegalensis species complex, with 13.0–16.7% uncorrected mitochondrial sequence divergence from the other eight members of the C. collegalensis complex and 10.4% from one another. The new species are morphologically diagnosed by a spotted dorsal pattern of four pairs of spots (occasionally fused into figure 8-shaped markings) from the banded species C. aravindi, C. speciosus, C. rishivalleyensis and C. yakhuna; and from the spotted species with three or fewer pairs of spots in C. collegalensis and C. srilekhae; and from C. chengodumalaensis by the absence of any enlarged dorsal scales and from C. varadgirii by the absence of a patch of enlarged roughly hexagonal scales on the canthus rostralis and beneath the angle of the lower jaw. The two new species can only be differentiated from each other based on slight differences in body size, relative body width and other statistically significant, size-corrected morphometric characters. These are among the first endemic lizards from Tropical Dry Evergreen habitats along the southeast coast of India.","PeriodicalId":51290,"journal":{"name":"Vertebrate Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44628278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We describe a new species of Hemidactylus based on an integrative taxonomic framework from scrub habitats at the southern tip of India, in Thoothukudi District, Tamil Nadu. The new species has the most densely packed tubercles among Indian Hemidactylus , almost resembling the most tuberculate Indian Cyrtopodion . Hemidactylus quartziticolus sp. nov. is phylogenetically placed within the brookii group of Indian Hemidactylus , where it is sister to the H. gleadowi complex from western-central India. The new species is 14.5–23.7% divergent in ND2 mitochondrial sequence data from other brookii group members, and can be easily diagnosed from regional congeners by its unique dorsal scalation, the number and arrangement of precloacal-femoral pores, the number of dorsal tubercle rows at midbody, number of lamellae under digit I and IV of manus and pes. The new species is currently known only from two isolated, low quartzite hillocks 45 km apart with scrubby, thorn forests and loose, stony soil.
{"title":"A remarkable new species of gecko (Squamata: Gekkonidae: Hemidactylus) from scrublands at the southern tip of India","authors":"Khandekar, Akshay, Thackeray, Tejas, Mariappan, Rameshwaran, Gangalmale, Satpal, Waghe, Vivek, Pawar, Swapnil, Agarwal, Ishan","doi":"10.3897/vz.73.e101871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.73.e101871","url":null,"abstract":"We describe a new species of Hemidactylus based on an integrative taxonomic framework from scrub habitats at the southern tip of India, in Thoothukudi District, Tamil Nadu. The new species has the most densely packed tubercles among Indian Hemidactylus , almost resembling the most tuberculate Indian Cyrtopodion . Hemidactylus quartziticolus sp. nov. is phylogenetically placed within the brookii group of Indian Hemidactylus , where it is sister to the H. gleadowi complex from western-central India. The new species is 14.5–23.7% divergent in ND2 mitochondrial sequence data from other brookii group members, and can be easily diagnosed from regional congeners by its unique dorsal scalation, the number and arrangement of precloacal-femoral pores, the number of dorsal tubercle rows at midbody, number of lamellae under digit I and IV of manus and pes. The new species is currently known only from two isolated, low quartzite hillocks 45 km apart with scrubby, thorn forests and loose, stony soil.","PeriodicalId":51290,"journal":{"name":"Vertebrate Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135525359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thore Koppetsch, M. Pabijan, C. Hutter, J. Köhler, Philip-Sebastian Gehring, Andolalao Rakotoarison, F. Ratsoavina, Mark D. Scherz, D. Vieites, F. Glaw, M. Vences
The small arboreal frog Guibemantis liber (Anura: Mantellidae) has served as an example for the existence of deep conspecific lineages that differ by a substantial amount in mitochondrial DNA but are similar in morphology and bioacoustics and thus are assigned to the same nominal species. During fieldwork in northern Madagascar, we identified additional such lineages and surprisingly, observed close syntopy of two of these at various sites. In-depth study based on DNA sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene from 338 specimens of G. liber sensu lato from across its range, sequences of four nuclear-encoded markers for 154‒257 of these specimens, a phylogenomic dataset obtained by the FrogCap target capture approach, and additional mitochondrial genes for representatives of most mitochondrial lineages, as well as bioacoustic and morphological comparisons, revealed concordant differentiation among several lineages of the G. liber complex. We identify nine lineages differing by 5.3‒15.5% in cytochrome b and 2.4‒10.1% in the 16S rRNA gene, and find that several of these lack or have only limited allele sharing in the nuclear-encoded genes. Based on sympatric or parapatric occurrence without genetic admixture, combined with differences in bioacoustic and morphological characters, we scientifically name three lineages from northern Madagascar as new species: G. razokysp. nov., G. razandrysp. nov., and G. fotsitendasp. nov. Of these new species, G. razokysp. nov. and G. razandrysp. nov. show widespread syntopy across northern Madagascar and differ in body size and advertisement calls. Guibemantis fotsitendasp. nov. is sister to G. razandrysp. nov., but appears to occur at lower elevations, including in close geographic proximity on the Marojejy Massif. We also detected subtle differences in advertisement calls among various other mitochondrial lineages distributed in the Northern Central East and Southern Central East of Madagascar, but the status and nomenclatural identity of these lineages require further morphological and bioacoustic study of reliably genotyped individuals, and assignment of the three available names in the complex: Rhacophorus liber Peracca, 1893, Gephyromantis albogularis Guibé, 1947, and Gephyromantis variabilis Millot and Guibé, 1951. We discuss the identity and type material of these three nomina, designate a lectotype for Gephyromantis variabilis from Itremo, and flag the collection of new material from their type localities, Andrangoloaka and Itremo, as paramount for a comprehensive revision of the G. liber complex.
小型树栖蛙Guibemantis liber(无尾目:Mantellidae)是存在深层同源谱系的一个例子，这些谱系在线粒体DNA上存在大量差异，但在形态和生物声学上相似，因此被分配到相同的名义物种。在马达加斯加北部的田野调查中，我们发现了更多这样的谱系，令人惊讶的是，在不同的地点观察到其中两个谱系的相似特征。深入研究了来自其分布范围内的338个G. liber sensu lato标本的线粒体细胞色素b基因DNA序列，其中154-257个标本的四个核编码标记序列，通过FrogCap靶捕获方法获得的系统基因组数据集，以及大多数线粒体谱系代表的额外线粒体基因，以及生物声学和形态学比较。揭示了G. liber复合体的几个谱系之间的一致分化。我们鉴定了9个细胞色素b和16S rRNA基因差异分别为5.3-15.5%和2.4-10.1%的世系，发现其中一些在核编码基因中缺乏或只有有限的等位基因共享。基于无遗传混杂的同域或异域发生，结合生物声学和形态特征的差异，我们将马达加斯加北部的三个谱系科学命名为新种:G. razokysp。11月，G. razandrysp。和G. fotsitendasp。11 .在这些新种中，11月和G. razandrysp。11 .在马达加斯加北部广泛分布，体型和叫声不同。Guibemantis fotsitendasp。11月是G. razandrysp的妹妹。11月，但似乎发生在较低的海拔，包括在地理上接近Marojejy地块。我们还在分布在马达加斯加中东部北部和中东部南部的各种线粒体谱系中发现了广告呼叫的细微差异，但这些谱系的地位和命名身份需要对可靠的基因分型个体进行进一步的形态学和生物声学研究，并在复体中分配三个可用名称:Peracca, 1893; Gephyromantis albogularis guib， 1947; Gephyromantis variabilis Millot and guib， 1951。我们讨论了这三种候选植物的身份和类型材料，为来自Itremo的Gephyromantis variabilis指定了一种类型，并标记了来自其类型所在地Andrangoloaka和Itremo的新材料的收集，作为G. liber复合物全面修订的重要内容。
{"title":"An initial molecular resolution of the mantellid frogs of the Guibemantis liber complex reveals three new species from northern Madagascar","authors":"Thore Koppetsch, M. Pabijan, C. Hutter, J. Köhler, Philip-Sebastian Gehring, Andolalao Rakotoarison, F. Ratsoavina, Mark D. Scherz, D. Vieites, F. Glaw, M. Vences","doi":"10.3897/vz.73.e94063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.73.e94063","url":null,"abstract":"The small arboreal frog Guibemantis liber (Anura: Mantellidae) has served as an example for the existence of deep conspecific lineages that differ by a substantial amount in mitochondrial DNA but are similar in morphology and bioacoustics and thus are assigned to the same nominal species. During fieldwork in northern Madagascar, we identified additional such lineages and surprisingly, observed close syntopy of two of these at various sites. In-depth study based on DNA sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene from 338 specimens of G. liber sensu lato from across its range, sequences of four nuclear-encoded markers for 154‒257 of these specimens, a phylogenomic dataset obtained by the FrogCap target capture approach, and additional mitochondrial genes for representatives of most mitochondrial lineages, as well as bioacoustic and morphological comparisons, revealed concordant differentiation among several lineages of the G. liber complex. We identify nine lineages differing by 5.3‒15.5% in cytochrome b and 2.4‒10.1% in the 16S rRNA gene, and find that several of these lack or have only limited allele sharing in the nuclear-encoded genes. Based on sympatric or parapatric occurrence without genetic admixture, combined with differences in bioacoustic and morphological characters, we scientifically name three lineages from northern Madagascar as new species: G. razokysp. nov., G. razandrysp. nov., and G. fotsitendasp. nov. Of these new species, G. razokysp. nov. and G. razandrysp. nov. show widespread syntopy across northern Madagascar and differ in body size and advertisement calls. Guibemantis fotsitendasp. nov. is sister to G. razandrysp. nov., but appears to occur at lower elevations, including in close geographic proximity on the Marojejy Massif. We also detected subtle differences in advertisement calls among various other mitochondrial lineages distributed in the Northern Central East and Southern Central East of Madagascar, but the status and nomenclatural identity of these lineages require further morphological and bioacoustic study of reliably genotyped individuals, and assignment of the three available names in the complex: Rhacophorus liber Peracca, 1893, Gephyromantis albogularis Guibé, 1947, and Gephyromantis variabilis Millot and Guibé, 1951. We discuss the identity and type material of these three nomina, designate a lectotype for Gephyromantis variabilis from Itremo, and flag the collection of new material from their type localities, Andrangoloaka and Itremo, as paramount for a comprehensive revision of the G. liber complex.","PeriodicalId":51290,"journal":{"name":"Vertebrate Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45733707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Using georeferenced photographic records of 2944 grass snakes from Germany, Austria, and northern Italy as well as previously published mtDNA sequences (n = 1062) and microsatellite data (n = 952) for grass snakes from the same regions, we examined whether or not coloration and pattern reliably allow to differentiate between Natrix natrix and N. helvetica and if so, whether the distribution patterns revealed by phenotypes and genetics are congruent. Furthermore, we used cline analyses across hybrid zones to test whether the phenotypic transition from one species to the other parallels the steep clines unveiled by genetics. Our results suggest that the two species can be reliably differentiated using coloration and pattern. The most powerful diagnostic traits are the presence/absence of side bars on the body flanks, the number of occipital spots, and the shape of the posterior dark occipital spot. The distributions of morphologically identified N. natrix and N. helvetica match their genetically confirmed ranges. Single conflicting individuals morphologically identified as N. natrix or hybrids within the distribution range of N. helvetica either represent misidentifications or translocated snakes. For the genetic markers and phenotypes, our cline analyses revealed concordant steep clines across hybrid zones. However, the southern part of the hybrid zone in Italy, for which no sufficient genetic data are available, should be studied in more detail because the phenotypic data suggest a smooth cline in this region. The unexpected high percentage of putative hybrids with dorsal stripes in this region also calls for further research. For northwestern Germany, another region for which no genetically verified records are available, iNaturalist data suggest that the contact zone of N. natrix and N. helvetica is near the Ems River and extends from there southeastwards to the region of Höxter, North Rhine-Westphalia.
{"title":"Hybrid zones of Natrix helvetica and N. natrix: Phenotype data from iNaturalist and genetics reveal concordant clines and the value of species-diagnostic morphological traits","authors":"U. Fritz, L. Grismer, M. Asztalos","doi":"10.3897/vz.73.e103319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.73.e103319","url":null,"abstract":"Using georeferenced photographic records of 2944 grass snakes from Germany, Austria, and northern Italy as well as previously published mtDNA sequences (n = 1062) and microsatellite data (n = 952) for grass snakes from the same regions, we examined whether or not coloration and pattern reliably allow to differentiate between Natrix natrix and N. helvetica and if so, whether the distribution patterns revealed by phenotypes and genetics are congruent. Furthermore, we used cline analyses across hybrid zones to test whether the phenotypic transition from one species to the other parallels the steep clines unveiled by genetics. Our results suggest that the two species can be reliably differentiated using coloration and pattern. The most powerful diagnostic traits are the presence/absence of side bars on the body flanks, the number of occipital spots, and the shape of the posterior dark occipital spot. The distributions of morphologically identified N. natrix and N. helvetica match their genetically confirmed ranges. Single conflicting individuals morphologically identified as N. natrix or hybrids within the distribution range of N. helvetica either represent misidentifications or translocated snakes. For the genetic markers and phenotypes, our cline analyses revealed concordant steep clines across hybrid zones. However, the southern part of the hybrid zone in Italy, for which no sufficient genetic data are available, should be studied in more detail because the phenotypic data suggest a smooth cline in this region. The unexpected high percentage of putative hybrids with dorsal stripes in this region also calls for further research. For northwestern Germany, another region for which no genetically verified records are available, iNaturalist data suggest that the contact zone of N. natrix and N. helvetica is near the Ems River and extends from there southeastwards to the region of Höxter, North Rhine-Westphalia.","PeriodicalId":51290,"journal":{"name":"Vertebrate Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41390537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We compare reproductive features, development, and larval morphology in three closely related species of sticky frogs (Kalophrynus Tschudi, 1838) inhabiting the lowland and mountain forests of Vietnam and displaying a variety of reproductive modes. While K. interlineatus breeds in open temporary ponds, K. honbaensis and K. cryptophonus are phytotelm-breeders using tree hollows and bamboo stems for reproduction. Their tadpoles also differ in trophic specialization: larval K. interlineatus are typical suspension-feeders, whereas K. honbaensis and K. cryptophonus are obligatorily oophagous. All three species differ in egg and clutch sizes, duration of embryonal period and hatching stage, and the structure of the larval digestive tract and skeleton. Based on external and internal morphology, we conclude that tadpoles of K. interlineatus and K. cryptophonus represent two “extremes” of the adaptive spectrum of microhylid larvae, while K. honbaensis displays a set of transitory traits. Relying on these new findings in anuran biology, we discuss reproductive, ontogenetic, and morphological rearrangements during the transition from pond breeding to phytotelm breeding and from microphagy to macrophagy as well as the significance of the revealed adaptations to different habitats and larval life modes.
{"title":"Restricting living space: Development and larval morphology in sticky frogs (Microhylidae: Kalophrynus) with different reproductive modes","authors":"A. Vassilieva, Thi Thanh Van Nguyen","doi":"10.3897/vz.73.e98618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.73.e98618","url":null,"abstract":"We compare reproductive features, development, and larval morphology in three closely related species of sticky frogs (Kalophrynus Tschudi, 1838) inhabiting the lowland and mountain forests of Vietnam and displaying a variety of reproductive modes. While K. interlineatus breeds in open temporary ponds, K. honbaensis and K. cryptophonus are phytotelm-breeders using tree hollows and bamboo stems for reproduction. Their tadpoles also differ in trophic specialization: larval K. interlineatus are typical suspension-feeders, whereas K. honbaensis and K. cryptophonus are obligatorily oophagous. All three species differ in egg and clutch sizes, duration of embryonal period and hatching stage, and the structure of the larval digestive tract and skeleton. Based on external and internal morphology, we conclude that tadpoles of K. interlineatus and K. cryptophonus represent two “extremes” of the adaptive spectrum of microhylid larvae, while K. honbaensis displays a set of transitory traits. Relying on these new findings in anuran biology, we discuss reproductive, ontogenetic, and morphological rearrangements during the transition from pond breeding to phytotelm breeding and from microphagy to macrophagy as well as the significance of the revealed adaptations to different habitats and larval life modes.","PeriodicalId":51290,"journal":{"name":"Vertebrate Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47560024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：