Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada-Research Policy and Practice最新文献

This corrigendum is being published to correct a number of errors and imprecisions, on pages 113, 120-125 and 138, of the following article: Taher MK, Salzman T, Banal A, Morissette K, Domingo FR, Cheung AM, Cooper CL, Boland L, Zuckermann AM, Mullah MA, Laprise C, Colonna R, Hashi A, Rahman P, Collins E, Corrin T, Waddell LA, Pagaduan JE, Ahmad R, Jaramillo Garcia AP. Global prevalence of post-COVID-19 condition: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective evidence. Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can. 2025;45(3):112-38. https://doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.45.3.02 The authors would like to clarify a few points specifically related to the referencing of results from the 2023 Canadian COVID-19 Antibody and Health Survey (CCAHS).Footnote1 These clarifications reflect refinements in how the source data are interpreted and attributed, and do not affect the core findings or conclusions of the review. Bold has been used to identify the changes and updated text.

Introduction: Comorbid chronic conditions contribute to increased health service use and poor outcomes for people with dementia, but there is little information about the prevalence of these conditions in this population.

Methods: We used linked administrative data from British Columbia (BC), Ontario (ON), Quebec (QC) and Prince Edward Island (PE) to identify a cohort of 287 453 individuals aged 65 years and older with prevalent dementia in April 2015, and followed this population until March 2020. We determined the prevalence of comorbid chronic conditions and ascertainment dates using Canadian Chronic Disease Surveillance System definitions, and used descriptive statistics to compare patterns across provinces.

Results: Sociodemographic characteristics were similar across provinces (mean age: 83.0 [PE]-84.3 [BC] years; female sex: 61.8% [BC]-66.2% [QC]; and long-term care facility residence: 39.5% [QC]-41.6% [BC]). People with dementia commonly experienced five or more comorbid conditions (38.8% [PE]-53.5% [ON]); the most prevalent were hypertension (76.4% [PE]-81.4% [ON]), mental illness and alcohol- or druginduced disorders (44.4% [QC]-91.2% [BC]) and osteoarthritis (43.8% [PE]-60.4% [ON]). Hypertension, diabetes and stroke were frequently apparent before dementia ascertainment, whereas heart failure and traumatic brain injury were apparent almost as frequently after dementia ascertainment as before.

Conclusion: Patterns of comorbid chronic conditions were similar across provinces, with most present prior to dementia ascertainment. Health service planning strategies should be developed and shared across provinces to address the complex health care needs of people with dementia.

We explored the contribution of active (nonmotorized) transportation, including walking and cycling, to physical activity (PA) levels and its association with PA recommendations adherence (youth: ≥ 60 min/day; adults: ≥ 150 min/week) using self-reported domain-specific and accelerometer-measured PA from Cycles 4 to 6 (2014-2019) of the Canadian Health Measures Survey (N = 8620). Recreation and household or occupational PA were similar for users and non-users, but accelerometer-measured PA was significantly higher among active transportation users (12-17 years: 56.6 vs. 47.7 min/ day; 18-64 years: 33.4 vs. 22.8 min/day, 65-79 years: 21.5 vs. 13.7 min/day). Active transportation was not associated with meeting the PA recommendation for youth after adjusting for confounders (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.39; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.91-2.11), but it was for adults (18-64 years: aOR = 2.71, 95% CI: 2.18-3.37; 65-79 years: aOR = 2.26, 95% CI: 1.39-3.69). Given its contribution to population PA levels, supporting active transportation should be considered an important tool for health promotion.

Introduction: Coping is a protective factor for positive mental health (PMH) and an asset for population health. While there is evidence demonstrating a strong association between coping and PMH, less is known about how coping patterns differ across age groups. Given that age can impact coping ability, addressing this knowledge gap is warranted.

Methods: We analyzed data from the 2019 Canadian Community Health Survey on the self-rated ability of adults and youth (N = 60 643; 12+ years) to cope with unexpected or difficult problems and day-to-day demands along with three PMH outcomes: selfrated mental health (SRMH), happiness and life satisfaction. All estimates were disaggregated by sociodemographic variables (sex, gender, household income quintile, immigration status, ethnocultural background, place of residence), stratified by five age groups, and age-specific regression analyses were conducted.

Results: Prevalence of high coping varied by sex, gender, income, place of residence, immigration status and ethnocultural background. High coping was significantly associated with the three PMH outcomes across all age groups. Those with high coping were 4 to 6 times more likely to report high SRMH and high levels of happiness than those with lower coping. Individuals with high coping had a life satisfaction score between 0.84 and 1.32 units greater than individuals with lower coping.

Conclusion: The consistent, positive relationship between high coping and PMH across all age groups provides valuable information for developing public health messaging and promotion efforts for adaptive coping to enhance population mental health.

Using data from the 2018 General Social Survey - Caregiving and Care Receiving, we examined the characteristics of caregivers of people with developmental disabilities or disorders (DD) and the impacts of caregiving on these caregivers. The proportion of DD caregivers with optimal general and mental health was smaller than the proportion of non-caregivers. About two-thirds of DD caregivers reported feeling worried or anxious, or tired and almost half reported unmet support needs. However, compared with caregivers of individuals with other conditions, a significantly higher proportion of DD caregivers described their caregiving experiences as rewarding.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the deficiencies in healthcare systems both within and outside of Canada, affecting racialized populations, particularly Black communities, who face an increased risk of infection and mortality from the disease. Although Black populations in Quebec make up more than 25% of the Black population in Canada, detailed data on the impact of COVID-19 on these communities are only available at the national level. This scoping review documents the methods and issues related to the collection, analysis and dissemination of data on the health of Black populations in Quebec, and its social determinants.

Methods: We conducted a review of studies published in English and French from January 2010 to June 2024 by consulting six databases. This review exclusively comprised studies involving data collection from racialized populations, including Black populations in Quebec, and excluded Canada-wide studies involving only a subsample of Black populations in Quebec. The main keywords used were: "data on race", "ethnic data collection", "race data collection", "culturally appropriate", "health", "survey", "questionnaire", "racial groups", "racialized groups", "Black and minority ethnic people", "people of colour", "migrants", "Quebec", "collecte de données", "minorité", "noir" and "ethnicité".

Results: We selected 43 studies covering four sectors: health, social services, education and employment. We identified the main issues, methods and strategies used to recruit members of Black communities and to collect and analyze data according to ethnoracial categories while minimizing bias to better understand the sociocultural and socioeconomic context of the target populations.

Conclusion: Our review highlights the importance of collecting data on racialized groups, particularly Black communities in Quebec, to support public policies aimed at promoting health equity.

Introduction: Anti-Black racism is deeply entrenched in Canadian institutions and has deleterious impacts on Black populations. Black populations have resided in the Atlantic region since the late 17th century. Despite longstanding histories, Atlantic Black populations face significant inequities, including the highest rates of child poverty among Black children across Canada. Community consultations in Atlantic Canada have highlighted a desire to bring attention to these health inequities. The purpose of this review was to identify existing literature pertaining to Black health research in Atlantic Canada and highlight culturally appropriate practices.

Methods: The search strategy was developed with a librarian and focussed on health research pertaining to Black populations in the Atlantic provinces of Canada, covering eight databases. All articles were imported into Covidence for screening, with independent reviewers assessing titles, abstracts and full texts.

Results: Forty-seven studies met the inclusion criteria. Findings demonstrated the pervasiveness and impact of racism, the importance of community engagement as a key cultural consideration and the adoption of participatory action research frameworks as culturally appropriate.

Conclusion: This review revealed opportunities for improving Black health research in Canada's Atlantic provinces. Future research warrants attention to this region and the use of culturally and structurally appropriate research approaches and methods. Recommendations include improved education on Black history and a training module within existing ethical guidelines for culturally and structurally competent research with Black communities.

Introduction: Racial health inequities are explained by inequities in access to medicaladvice and treatment, and the physiological effects of inequities in material conditions and everyday life; however, Canadian evidence on racial health inequities is limited. This review describes promising practices in population survey methods and approaches that can strengthen sampling, measurement and monitoring of racial health inequities and determinants of health for population subgroups within Canada-particularly Black Canadians.

Methods: We employed three steps to identify promising practices in Canada's peer countries and their applicability to the Canadian context. First, we conducted a scan of websites based on prior knowledge of population-level health surveys and datasets. Second, we conducted a review of publications from 2010 to 2020 to identify any missed surveys and datasets. Third, we conducted a targeted review of Canadian population-level health surveys and data sources to identify challenges to and opportunities for implementing these promising practices.

Results: We identified 20 relevant surveys and data sources from the US, the UK, Australia and New Zealand. In several of Canada's peer countries, information on arealevel racial or ethnic concentration of residents is used to conduct targeted sampling strategies, increasing the non-White sample. Our search of the available Canadian datasets found that Canadian health surveys and administrative sources do not routinely incorporate these strategies.

Conclusion: Canada could improve the measurement and monitoring of racial health inequities by applying enhanced sampling practices to collect racial data in surveys and improving procedures for administrative and other routinely collected data sources. There are also novel predictive methods being used to improve sampling of non-White groups, though further investigation of these methods is required.