Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada-Research Policy and Practice最新文献

Introduction: The objective of this article is to examine the association between outdoor physical activity (OPA) and mental health, life satisfaction, happiness and life stress among Canadian adolescents aged 12 to 17 years.

Methods: This cross-sectional and nationally representative study used self-reported data from the 2019 Canadian Health Survey on Children and Youth (n = 10 413). The survey categorized OPA into six groups (from 0 to ≥ 14 hours/week). Logistic regression analyses examined the associations between OPA levels and outcomes, with adjustments for relevant covariates.

Results: In adjusted models, OPA was not significantly associated with anxiety or depressive symptoms. Compared to adolescents with no OPA, those who engaged in ≥ 14 hours/week had higher odds of positive mental health (odds ratio [OR] = 1.64; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13-2.38), high life satisfaction (OR = 1.75; 95% CI: 1.24-2.46) and high happiness (OR = 2.36; 95% CI: 1.59-3.50), independent of covariates including indoor physical activity. A positive dose-response relationship was observed between higher levels of OPA and life satisfaction and happiness.

Conclusion: Independent of indoor physical activity and other covariates, OPA was associated with positive mental health, high life satisfaction and high happiness, with levels of OPA of ≥ 14 hours/week (highest category) showing the strongest associations. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms linking OPA with higher life satisfaction and happiness.

Introduction: Firearm-related injuries (FRI) are an important public health issue in Canada. This study aims to determine the incidence of FRI in British Columbia (BC) and examine the distribution according to demographics, intent, urban-rural residence and neighbourhood deprivation.

Methods: De-identified data on deaths and hospitalizations (2010-2019) were retrieved from the BC Vital Statistics and the Discharge Abstract Database obtained from the BC Ministry of Health. We implemented the Canadian Index of Multiple Deprivation for the dissemination area-level marginalization.

Results: A total of 1868 fatal and nonfatal FRI were included in our study, of which 46.4% were due to self-harm. The annual injury rate was 3.93 per 100 000, with the highest rates among men aged 15 to 34 years. Rates were highest in rural and remote areas, in neighbourhoods with the least diverse ethno-cultural composition, and the greatest level of situational vulnerability and economic dependency. We did not observe significantly different rates across residential instability quintiles. The marginalization pattern for intentional self-harm was similar to the aggregated deprivation profile. While assaults were more common in neighbourhoods with higher levels of situational vulnerability and more diverse populations, unintentional injuries were more prevalent in neighbourhoods with higher levels of situational vulnerability.

Conclusion: This study revealed that the burden of FRI was not evenly distributed across demographic determinants, neighbourhood deprivation or urban-rural areas of residence throughout BC. We also observed different deprivation profiles across the various intents of injury and death. Findings highlight the need for addressing FRI at its root causes, by implementing system-level interventions focussed on suicide prevention, poverty reduction, and promoting employment and education.

Introduction: The prevalence of cannabis use continues to increase among certain populations in Canada. This study focussed on the increase in cannabis-attributable hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) visits from 2007 to 2020.

Methods: To estimate the counts of hospitalizations and ED visits attributable to cannabis use, we acquired record-level hospital discharge data with ICD-10 diagnostic information for all fiscal years 2006/07 to 2020/21. Diagnostic information was used to associate each record to a health condition category for eight substances, including cannabis. The prevalence of cannabis use was estimated for each province or territory, calendar year, sex and age using national survey information. These estimates were used to adjust relative risk estimates derived from cannabis literature to calculate cannabisattributable fractions, which were in turn used to estimate the proportion of hospitalizations and ED visits that were attributable to cannabis use.

Results: Between 2007 and 2020, the overall rate of cannabis-attributable inpatient hospitalizations increased by 120%, from 6.4 in 2007 to 14.0 per 100 000 in 2020. Cannabis-attributable ED visits increased by 113%, from 52.1 per 100 000 in 2007 to 111.0 per 100 000 in 2019, and then decreased by 12% in 2020. This study found that the increases in hospitalizations and ED visits were partly attributed to neuropsychiatric conditions, particularly hospitalizations due to psychotic disorders and ED visits due to acute intoxication among children and youth.

Conclusion: Ongoing monitoring of cannabis-attributable harms is necessary to understand the harms related to use and the factors that influence the ways in which people use cannabis and seek care. Further research may distinguish the early effects of legalization trends from the early pandemic period data.

Eating disorders (EDs) and disordered eating present a significant health burden given their prevalence and associated health risks; however, there are notable gaps in population-level surveillance of EDs and disordered eating in Canada. These data gaps limit our understanding of the scope of the problem and present challenges to monitoring trends in EDs and disordered eating in response to changing health and policy contexts, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. We screened Canadian federal health surveillance surveys to identify measures of ED diagnosis, engagement in disordered eating behaviours (e.g. binge eating, self-induced vomiting) and related constructs (e.g. weight perception, body satisfaction). Among adults, there was a 10-year gap in ED measurement, and there has been no assessment of engagement in any type of disordered eating behaviours. Among children and adolescents, there have been recent improvements in the measurement of disordered eating behaviours, but there are no surveys that include measures of binge eating, the most common disordered eating behaviour. National surveillance data assessing EDs and disordered eating are necessary to quantify their burden, assess trends in relation to evolving health and policy contexts and identify individuals who face barriers to seeking treatment services. We conclude by providing recommendations for constructs that should be measured, as well as guidelines for measurement development in conjunction with community members and clinical and research experts.

Introduction: Positive mental health (PMH) is an essential component of mental health and well-being. While population-level data show a decrease in youth PMH during the COVID-19 pandemic, there are sex differences that have not been examined.

Methods: Data from the 2017, 2019 and 2021 Canadian Community Health Survey were used to examine youth (12-17 years) PMH before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sex-specific prevalence of high self-rated mental health (SRMH) and average life satisfaction (LS) for each year were calculated and disaggregated by sociodemographic characteristics. Differences between years were quantified, and statistical significance was determined using t tests (p value < 0.004 after Bonferroni correction).

Results: From 2019 to 2021, there were significant decreases in the prevalence of high SRMH (from 66.4% to 52.3%) and average LS (8.7 to 8.2) among female youth, at the overall level and across the majority of sociodemographic groups. As for males, no significant decreases were seen at the overall level. After disaggregation, a significant decrease in prevalence of high SRMH was observed from 2019 to 2021 among male youth living in Quebec and nonimmigrant male youth. There were no significant changes in the prevalence of high SRMH or average LS from 2017 to 2019. The sex-specific differences in PMH varied across sociodemographic characteristics.

Conclusion: The PMH of female youth appears to have been affected during the COVID-19 pandemic more than that of male youth. There were sex-specific differences in PMH across sociodemographic groups, suggesting that not all youth were equally affected. Ongoing surveillance with an intersectional lens is needed to better inform public health strategies.

This corrigendum is being published to correct a number of errors and imprecisions, on pages 113, 120-125 and 138, of the following article: Taher MK, Salzman T, Banal A, Morissette K, Domingo FR, Cheung AM, Cooper CL, Boland L, Zuckermann AM, Mullah MA, Laprise C, Colonna R, Hashi A, Rahman P, Collins E, Corrin T, Waddell LA, Pagaduan JE, Ahmad R, Jaramillo Garcia AP. Global prevalence of post-COVID-19 condition: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective evidence. Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can. 2025;45(3):112-38. https://doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.45.3.02 The authors would like to clarify a few points specifically related to the referencing of results from the 2023 Canadian COVID-19 Antibody and Health Survey (CCAHS).Footnote1 These clarifications reflect refinements in how the source data are interpreted and attributed, and do not affect the core findings or conclusions of the review. Bold has been used to identify the changes and updated text.

Introduction: Comorbid chronic conditions contribute to increased health service use and poor outcomes for people with dementia, but there is little information about the prevalence of these conditions in this population.

Methods: We used linked administrative data from British Columbia (BC), Ontario (ON), Quebec (QC) and Prince Edward Island (PE) to identify a cohort of 287 453 individuals aged 65 years and older with prevalent dementia in April 2015, and followed this population until March 2020. We determined the prevalence of comorbid chronic conditions and ascertainment dates using Canadian Chronic Disease Surveillance System definitions, and used descriptive statistics to compare patterns across provinces.

Results: Sociodemographic characteristics were similar across provinces (mean age: 83.0 [PE]-84.3 [BC] years; female sex: 61.8% [BC]-66.2% [QC]; and long-term care facility residence: 39.5% [QC]-41.6% [BC]). People with dementia commonly experienced five or more comorbid conditions (38.8% [PE]-53.5% [ON]); the most prevalent were hypertension (76.4% [PE]-81.4% [ON]), mental illness and alcohol- or druginduced disorders (44.4% [QC]-91.2% [BC]) and osteoarthritis (43.8% [PE]-60.4% [ON]). Hypertension, diabetes and stroke were frequently apparent before dementia ascertainment, whereas heart failure and traumatic brain injury were apparent almost as frequently after dementia ascertainment as before.

Conclusion: Patterns of comorbid chronic conditions were similar across provinces, with most present prior to dementia ascertainment. Health service planning strategies should be developed and shared across provinces to address the complex health care needs of people with dementia.

We explored the contribution of active (nonmotorized) transportation, including walking and cycling, to physical activity (PA) levels and its association with PA recommendations adherence (youth: ≥ 60 min/day; adults: ≥ 150 min/week) using self-reported domain-specific and accelerometer-measured PA from Cycles 4 to 6 (2014-2019) of the Canadian Health Measures Survey (N = 8620). Recreation and household or occupational PA were similar for users and non-users, but accelerometer-measured PA was significantly higher among active transportation users (12-17 years: 56.6 vs. 47.7 min/ day; 18-64 years: 33.4 vs. 22.8 min/day, 65-79 years: 21.5 vs. 13.7 min/day). Active transportation was not associated with meeting the PA recommendation for youth after adjusting for confounders (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.39; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.91-2.11), but it was for adults (18-64 years: aOR = 2.71, 95% CI: 2.18-3.37; 65-79 years: aOR = 2.26, 95% CI: 1.39-3.69). Given its contribution to population PA levels, supporting active transportation should be considered an important tool for health promotion.

Introduction: Coping is a protective factor for positive mental health (PMH) and an asset for population health. While there is evidence demonstrating a strong association between coping and PMH, less is known about how coping patterns differ across age groups. Given that age can impact coping ability, addressing this knowledge gap is warranted.

Methods: We analyzed data from the 2019 Canadian Community Health Survey on the self-rated ability of adults and youth (N = 60 643; 12+ years) to cope with unexpected or difficult problems and day-to-day demands along with three PMH outcomes: selfrated mental health (SRMH), happiness and life satisfaction. All estimates were disaggregated by sociodemographic variables (sex, gender, household income quintile, immigration status, ethnocultural background, place of residence), stratified by five age groups, and age-specific regression analyses were conducted.

Results: Prevalence of high coping varied by sex, gender, income, place of residence, immigration status and ethnocultural background. High coping was significantly associated with the three PMH outcomes across all age groups. Those with high coping were 4 to 6 times more likely to report high SRMH and high levels of happiness than those with lower coping. Individuals with high coping had a life satisfaction score between 0.84 and 1.32 units greater than individuals with lower coping.

Conclusion: The consistent, positive relationship between high coping and PMH across all age groups provides valuable information for developing public health messaging and promotion efforts for adaptive coping to enhance population mental health.