Pub Date : 2024-04-10Epub Date: 2024-02-28DOI: 10.24095/hpcdp.44.4.06
This corrigendum is being published to remove two bullets from a definition in the following article: Heber A, Testa V, Groll D, Ritchie K, Tam-Seto L, Mulligan A, Sullo E, Schick A, Bose E, Jabbari Y, Lopes J, Carleton RN. Glossary of terms: A shared understanding of the common terms used to describe psychological trauma, version 3.0. Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can. 2023;43(10/11). https://doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.43.10/11.09.
发布本更正是为了删除以下文章定义中的两个小点:Heber A, Testa V, Groll D, Ritchie K, Tam-Seto L, Mulligan A, Sullo E, Schick A, Bose E, Jabbari Y, Lopes J, Carleton RN.术语表:对描述心理创伤的常用术语的共同理解,3.0 版。Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can.2023;43(10/11). https://doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.43.10/11.09.
{"title":"Corrigendum - Glossary of terms: A shared understanding of the common terms used to describe psychological trauma, version 3.0.","authors":"","doi":"10.24095/hpcdp.44.4.06","DOIUrl":"10.24095/hpcdp.44.4.06","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This corrigendum is being published to remove two bullets from a definition in the following article: Heber A, Testa V, Groll D, Ritchie K, Tam-Seto L, Mulligan A, Sullo E, Schick A, Bose E, Jabbari Y, Lopes J, Carleton RN. Glossary of terms: A shared understanding of the common terms used to describe psychological trauma, version 3.0. Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can. 2023;43(10/11). https://doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.43.10/11.09.</p>","PeriodicalId":51316,"journal":{"name":"Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada-Research Policy and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11097746/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140159554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-10Epub Date: 2023-02-14DOI: 10.24095/hpcdp.44.4.02
Nathaniel J Pollock, Alexandra M Ouédraogo, Nico Trocmé, Wendy Hovdestad, Amy Miskie, Lindsay Crompton, Aimée Campeau, Masako Tanaka, Cindy Zhang, Claudie Laprise, Lil Tonmyr
Introduction: As a part of the public health approach to child welfare, data about children placed in out-of-home care are needed to assess population trends, understand drivers of social and health inequities, and examine outcomes for children and families. We analyzed administrative data from Canada to describe the population of children in out-of-home care, and estimate and compare rates of out-of-home care by province/territory, year, sex/gender, age group and placement type.
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of point-in-time data from all provinces and territories for the period 2013/2014 to 2021/2022. We used frequencies and percentages to describe the population of children (and youth up to age 21 years) in out-of-home care and estimated overall and stratified rates and rate ratios.
Results: An estimated 61 104 children in Canada were in out-of-home care on 31 March 2022. The national rate of out-of-home care was 8.24 children per 1000 population. Rate variations by province/territory were substantial and changed over time. Rates were highest among males and children aged 1 to 3 and 16 to 17 years. Foster homes were the most common type of placement, although kinship homes accounted for an increasing share.
Conclusion: This analysis demonstrated that administrative data can be used to generate national indicators about children involved in the child welfare system. These data can be used for tracking progress towards health and social equity for children and youth in Canada.
{"title":"Rates of out-of-home care among children in Canada: an analysis of national administrative child welfare data.","authors":"Nathaniel J Pollock, Alexandra M Ouédraogo, Nico Trocmé, Wendy Hovdestad, Amy Miskie, Lindsay Crompton, Aimée Campeau, Masako Tanaka, Cindy Zhang, Claudie Laprise, Lil Tonmyr","doi":"10.24095/hpcdp.44.4.02","DOIUrl":"10.24095/hpcdp.44.4.02","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>As a part of the public health approach to child welfare, data about children placed in out-of-home care are needed to assess population trends, understand drivers of social and health inequities, and examine outcomes for children and families. We analyzed administrative data from Canada to describe the population of children in out-of-home care, and estimate and compare rates of out-of-home care by province/territory, year, sex/gender, age group and placement type.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of point-in-time data from all provinces and territories for the period 2013/2014 to 2021/2022. We used frequencies and percentages to describe the population of children (and youth up to age 21 years) in out-of-home care and estimated overall and stratified rates and rate ratios.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>An estimated 61 104 children in Canada were in out-of-home care on 31 March 2022. The national rate of out-of-home care was 8.24 children per 1000 population. Rate variations by province/territory were substantial and changed over time. Rates were highest among males and children aged 1 to 3 and 16 to 17 years. Foster homes were the most common type of placement, although kinship homes accounted for an increasing share.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This analysis demonstrated that administrative data can be used to generate national indicators about children involved in the child welfare system. These data can be used for tracking progress towards health and social equity for children and youth in Canada.</p>","PeriodicalId":51316,"journal":{"name":"Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada-Research Policy and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11097748/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139730993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Robert J Wellman, Erin K O'Loughlin, Katerina Maximova, Jodi Kalubi, Teodora Riglea, Jennifer O'Loughlin
Introduction: Long-term availability of health-promoting interventions (HPIs) in school settings can translate into health benefits for children. However, little is known about factors associated with HPI institutionalization in schools. In this study, we identified correlates of the institutionalization of HPIs offered in elementary schools in Quebec, Canada.
Methods: In two-part, structured telephone interviews over three academic years (2016-2019), elementary school principals (or their designees) throughout Quebec identified an index HPI offered at least once in their school during the previous three years, and were asked whether it was institutionalized (i.e. explicitly written in the school's educational project, e.g. in the form of educational objectives and means of achieving them). We examined associations between institutionalization and 10 school-related and 16 HPI-related characteristics in univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses.
Results: School key informants (n = 163) reported on 147 different HPIs that had been available in their schools in the past three years, 56% of which were institutionalized. Three aspects of school culture-parent/community engagement with the school, school/teacher commitment to student health and school physical environment-were positively associated with HPI institutionalization. HPI-related characteristics positively associated with HPI institutionalization included number of competencies addressed by the HPI, number of teaching strategies employed, modifications made to the HPI prior to or during implementation and perceived success of the HPI. Inviting families or community groups to participate in the HPI was inversely associated with institutionalization.
Conclusion: Better understanding of factors associated with HPI institutionalization may inform the development of school-based HPIs that have the potential for sustainability.
{"title":"School- and intervention-related factors associated with institutionalization of health promotion interventions in elementary schools.","authors":"Robert J Wellman, Erin K O'Loughlin, Katerina Maximova, Jodi Kalubi, Teodora Riglea, Jennifer O'Loughlin","doi":"10.24095/hpcdp.44.4.03","DOIUrl":"10.24095/hpcdp.44.4.03","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Long-term availability of health-promoting interventions (HPIs) in school settings can translate into health benefits for children. However, little is known about factors associated with HPI institutionalization in schools. In this study, we identified correlates of the institutionalization of HPIs offered in elementary schools in Quebec, Canada.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In two-part, structured telephone interviews over three academic years (2016-2019), elementary school principals (or their designees) throughout Quebec identified an index HPI offered at least once in their school during the previous three years, and were asked whether it was institutionalized (i.e. explicitly written in the school's educational project, e.g. in the form of educational objectives and means of achieving them). We examined associations between institutionalization and 10 school-related and 16 HPI-related characteristics in univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>School key informants (n = 163) reported on 147 different HPIs that had been available in their schools in the past three years, 56% of which were institutionalized. Three aspects of school culture-parent/community engagement with the school, school/teacher commitment to student health and school physical environment-were positively associated with HPI institutionalization. HPI-related characteristics positively associated with HPI institutionalization included number of competencies addressed by the HPI, number of teaching strategies employed, modifications made to the HPI prior to or during implementation and perceived success of the HPI. Inviting families or community groups to participate in the HPI was inversely associated with institutionalization.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Better understanding of factors associated with HPI institutionalization may inform the development of school-based HPIs that have the potential for sustainability.</p>","PeriodicalId":51316,"journal":{"name":"Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada-Research Policy and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11097743/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140855097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Indigenous people in Canada encounter negative treatment when accessing primary health care (PHC). Despite several qualitative accounts of these experiences, there still has not been a qualitative review conducted on this topic. In this qualitative systematic review, we aimed to explore Indigenous people's experiences in Canada with PHC services, determine urban versus rural or remote differences and identify recommendations for quality improvement.
Methods: This review was guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute's methodology for systematic reviews of qualitative evidence. MEDLINE, CINAHL, PubMed, PsycInfo, Embase and Web of Science as well as grey literature and ancestry sources were used to identify relevant articles. Ancestry sources were obtained through reviewing the reference lists of all included articles and determining the ones that potentially met the eligibility criteria. Two independent reviewers conducted the initial and full text screening, data extraction and quality assessment. Once all data were gathered, they were synthesized following the meta-aggregation approach (PROSPERO CRD42020192353).
Results: The search yielded a total of 2503 articles from the academic databases and 12 articles from the grey literature and ancestry sources. Overall, 22 articles were included in this review. Three major synthesized findings were revealed-satisfactory experiences, discriminatory attitudes and systemic challenges faced by Indigenous patients-along with one synthesized finding on their specific recommendations.
Conclusion: Indigenous people value safe, accessible and respectful care. The discrimination and racism they face negatively affect their overall health and well-being. Hence, it is crucial that changes in health care practice, structures and policy development as well as systemic transformation be implemented immediately.
导言:加拿大的原住民在接受初级医疗保健(PHC)服务时会遇到负面待遇。尽管有一些关于这些经历的定性描述,但仍未对这一主题进行过定性综述。在这一定性系统性综述中,我们旨在探讨加拿大原住民在初级医疗保健服务方面的经历,确定城市与农村或偏远地区的差异,并提出质量改进建议:本综述以乔安娜-布里格斯研究所(Joanna Briggs Institute)的定性证据系统性综述方法为指导。我们使用了 MEDLINE、CINAHL、PubMed、PsycInfo、Embase 和 Web of Science 以及灰色文献和祖先资料来确定相关文章。祖先来源是通过审查所有收录文章的参考文献目录并确定可能符合资格标准的文章而获得的。两名独立审稿人进行了初步和全文筛选、数据提取和质量评估。所有数据收集完毕后,按照元聚合法(PROSPERO CRD42020192353)进行了综合:搜索结果显示,共有 2503 篇文章来自学术数据库,12 篇文章来自灰色文献和祖先资料来源。本综述共收录了 22 篇文章。综合结果显示了三项主要发现--土著患者的满意体验、歧视态度和面临的系统性挑战,以及一项关于其具体建议的综合结果:原住民重视安全、方便和受尊重的医疗服务。他们所面临的歧视和种族主义对其整体健康和福祉造成了负面影响。因此,必须立即改变医疗保健的做法、结构和政策制定,并进行系统性改革。
{"title":"Indigenous people's experiences of primary health care in Canada: a qualitative systematic review.","authors":"Geneveave Barbo, Sharmin Alam","doi":"10.24095/hpcdp.44.4.01","DOIUrl":"10.24095/hpcdp.44.4.01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Indigenous people in Canada encounter negative treatment when accessing primary health care (PHC). Despite several qualitative accounts of these experiences, there still has not been a qualitative review conducted on this topic. In this qualitative systematic review, we aimed to explore Indigenous people's experiences in Canada with PHC services, determine urban versus rural or remote differences and identify recommendations for quality improvement.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This review was guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute's methodology for systematic reviews of qualitative evidence. MEDLINE, CINAHL, PubMed, PsycInfo, Embase and Web of Science as well as grey literature and ancestry sources were used to identify relevant articles. Ancestry sources were obtained through reviewing the reference lists of all included articles and determining the ones that potentially met the eligibility criteria. Two independent reviewers conducted the initial and full text screening, data extraction and quality assessment. Once all data were gathered, they were synthesized following the meta-aggregation approach (PROSPERO CRD42020192353).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The search yielded a total of 2503 articles from the academic databases and 12 articles from the grey literature and ancestry sources. Overall, 22 articles were included in this review. Three major synthesized findings were revealed-satisfactory experiences, discriminatory attitudes and systemic challenges faced by Indigenous patients-along with one synthesized finding on their specific recommendations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Indigenous people value safe, accessible and respectful care. The discrimination and racism they face negatively affect their overall health and well-being. Hence, it is crucial that changes in health care practice, structures and policy development as well as systemic transformation be implemented immediately.</p>","PeriodicalId":51316,"journal":{"name":"Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada-Research Policy and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11097747/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140871208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thepikaa Varatharajan, Karen A Patte, Margaret de Groh, Ying Jiang, Scott T Leatherdale
Introduction: Research characterizing substance use disparities between gender minority youth (GMY) and non-GMY (i.e. girls and boys) is limited. The aim of this study was to examine the differences in substance use behaviours among gender identity (GI) groups and identify associated risk and protective factors.
Methods: Cross-sectional data from Canadian secondary school students (n = 42 107) that participated in Year 8 (2019/20) or Year 9 (2020/21) of the COMPASS study were used. Hierarchal logistic regression models estimated current substance use (cigarettes, e-cigarettes, binge drinking, cannabis and nonmedical prescription opioids [NMPOs]). Predictor variables included sociodemographics, other substances, mental health outcomes, school connectedness, bullying and happy home life. Interaction terms were used to test mental health measures as moderators in the association between GI and substance use.
Results: Compared to non-GMY, GMY reported a higher prevalence for all substance use outcomes. In the adjusted analyses, GMY had higher odds of cigarette, cannabis and NMPO use and lower odds for e-cigarette use relative to non-GMY. The likelihood of using any given substance was higher among individuals who were involved with other substances. School connectedness and happy home life had a protective effect for all substances except binge drinking. Bullying victimization was associated with greater odds of cigarette, e-cigarette use and NMPOs. Significant interactions between GI and all mental health measures were detected.
Conclusion: Findings highlight the importance of collecting a GI measure in youth population surveys and prioritizing GMY in substance use-related prevention, treatment and harm reduction programs. Future studies should investigate the effects of GI status on substance use onset and progression among Canadian adolescents over time.
简介:有关性别少数青少年(GMY)与非性别少数青少年(即女孩和男孩)之间药物使用差异的研究十分有限。本研究旨在探讨不同性别认同(GI)群体在药物使用行为上的差异,并确定相关的风险和保护因素:研究使用了加拿大中学生(n = 42 107)的横截面数据,这些学生参加了 COMPASS 研究的八年级(2019/20)或九年级(2020/21)。分层逻辑回归模型估算了当前的药物使用情况(香烟、电子烟、酗酒、大麻和非医用处方类阿片 [NMPOs])。预测变量包括社会人口统计学、其他物质、心理健康结果、学校联系、欺凌和幸福的家庭生活。我们使用交互项来检验心理健康指标对 GI 与药物使用之间关系的调节作用:结果:与非全球青少年相比,全球青少年报告的所有药物使用结果的发生率都更高。在调整分析中,与非全球青年相比,全球青年使用香烟、大麻和 NMPO 的几率更高,使用电子烟的几率更低。使用任何特定物质的几率在使用其他物质的人群中都更高。除酗酒外,学校联系和幸福的家庭生活对所有物质都有保护作用。遭受欺凌与吸烟、使用电子烟和 NMPOs 的几率增加有关。GI 与所有心理健康指标之间均存在显著的交互作用:研究结果强调了在青少年人口调查中收集 GI 测量值以及在与药物使用相关的预防、治疗和减低伤害计划中优先考虑 GMY 的重要性。未来的研究应调查 GI 状态对加拿大青少年药物使用的开始和发展的影响。
{"title":"Exploring differences in substance use behaviours among gender minority and non-gender minority youth: a cross-sectional analysis of the COMPASS study.","authors":"Thepikaa Varatharajan, Karen A Patte, Margaret de Groh, Ying Jiang, Scott T Leatherdale","doi":"10.24095/hpcdp.44.4.04","DOIUrl":"10.24095/hpcdp.44.4.04","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Research characterizing substance use disparities between gender minority youth (GMY) and non-GMY (i.e. girls and boys) is limited. The aim of this study was to examine the differences in substance use behaviours among gender identity (GI) groups and identify associated risk and protective factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cross-sectional data from Canadian secondary school students (n = 42 107) that participated in Year 8 (2019/20) or Year 9 (2020/21) of the COMPASS study were used. Hierarchal logistic regression models estimated current substance use (cigarettes, e-cigarettes, binge drinking, cannabis and nonmedical prescription opioids [NMPOs]). Predictor variables included sociodemographics, other substances, mental health outcomes, school connectedness, bullying and happy home life. Interaction terms were used to test mental health measures as moderators in the association between GI and substance use.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to non-GMY, GMY reported a higher prevalence for all substance use outcomes. In the adjusted analyses, GMY had higher odds of cigarette, cannabis and NMPO use and lower odds for e-cigarette use relative to non-GMY. The likelihood of using any given substance was higher among individuals who were involved with other substances. School connectedness and happy home life had a protective effect for all substances except binge drinking. Bullying victimization was associated with greater odds of cigarette, e-cigarette use and NMPOs. Significant interactions between GI and all mental health measures were detected.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Findings highlight the importance of collecting a GI measure in youth population surveys and prioritizing GMY in substance use-related prevention, treatment and harm reduction programs. Future studies should investigate the effects of GI status on substance use onset and progression among Canadian adolescents over time.</p>","PeriodicalId":51316,"journal":{"name":"Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada-Research Policy and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11097744/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140872834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jingru Helen Ha, Jacqueline Burt, Shane Randell, Amanda VanSteelandt
Introduction: Limited research exists on substance-related acute toxicity deaths (ATDs) in older adults (≥60 years) in Canada. This study aims to examine and describe the sociodemographic characteristics, health histories and circumstances of death for accidental ATDs among older adults.
Methods: Following a retrospective descriptive analysis of all coroner and medical examiner files on accidental substance-related ATDs in older adults in Canada from 2016 to 2017, proportions and mortality rates for coroner and medical examiner data were compared with general population data on older adults from the 2016 Census. Chisquare tests were conducted for categorical variables where possible.
Results: From 2016 to 2017, there were 705 documented accidental ATDs in older adults. Multiple substances contributed to 61% of these deaths. Fentanyl, cocaine and ethanol (alcohol) were the most common substances contributing to death. Heart disease (33%), chronic pain (27%) and depression (26%) were commonly documented. Approximately 84% of older adults had contact with health care services in the year preceding their death. Only 14% were confirmed as having their deaths witnessed.
Conclusions: Findings provide insight into the demographic, contextual and medical history factors that may influence substance-related ATDs in older adults and suggest key areas for prevention.
{"title":"Accidental substance-related acute toxicity deaths in older adults in 2016 and 2017: a national chart review study.","authors":"Jingru Helen Ha, Jacqueline Burt, Shane Randell, Amanda VanSteelandt","doi":"10.24095/hpcdp.44.3.03","DOIUrl":"10.24095/hpcdp.44.3.03","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Limited research exists on substance-related acute toxicity deaths (ATDs) in older adults (≥60 years) in Canada. This study aims to examine and describe the sociodemographic characteristics, health histories and circumstances of death for accidental ATDs among older adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Following a retrospective descriptive analysis of all coroner and medical examiner files on accidental substance-related ATDs in older adults in Canada from 2016 to 2017, proportions and mortality rates for coroner and medical examiner data were compared with general population data on older adults from the 2016 Census. Chisquare tests were conducted for categorical variables where possible.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 2016 to 2017, there were 705 documented accidental ATDs in older adults. Multiple substances contributed to 61% of these deaths. Fentanyl, cocaine and ethanol (alcohol) were the most common substances contributing to death. Heart disease (33%), chronic pain (27%) and depression (26%) were commonly documented. Approximately 84% of older adults had contact with health care services in the year preceding their death. Only 14% were confirmed as having their deaths witnessed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings provide insight into the demographic, contextual and medical history factors that may influence substance-related ATDs in older adults and suggest key areas for prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":51316,"journal":{"name":"Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada-Research Policy and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11092309/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140159551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adedoyin Olanlesi-Aliu, Janet Kemei, Dominic Alaazi, Modupe Tunde-Byass, Andre Renzaho, Ato Sekyi-Out, Delores V Mullings, Kannin Osei-Tutu, Bukola Salami
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated health inequities worldwide. Research conducted in Canada shows that Black populations were disproportionately exposed to COVID-19 and more likely than other ethnoracial groups to be infected and hospitalized. This scoping review sought to map out the nature and extent of current research on COVID-19 among Black people in Canada.
Methods: Following a five-stage methodological framework for conducting scoping reviews, studies exploring the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on Black people in Canada, published up to May 2023, were retrieved through a systematic search of seven databases. Of 457 identified records, 124 duplicates and 279 additional records were excluded after title and abstract screening. Of the remaining 54 articles, 39 were excluded after full-text screening; 2 articles were manually picked from the reference lists of the included articles. In total, 17 articles were included in this review.
Results: Our review found higher rates of COVID-19 infections and lower rates of COVID-19 screening and vaccine uptake among Black Canadians due to pre-COVID-19 experiences of institutional and structural racism, health inequities and a mistrust of health care professionals that further impeded access to health care. Misinformation about COVID-19 exacerbated mental health issues among Black Canadians.
Conclusions: Our findings suggest the need to address social inequities experienced by Black Canadians, particularly those related to unequal access to employment and health care. Collecting race-based data on COVID-19 could inform policy formulation to address racial discrimination in access to health care, quality housing and employment, resolve inequities and improve the health and well-being of Black people in Canada.
{"title":"COVID-19 among Black people in Canada: a scoping review.","authors":"Adedoyin Olanlesi-Aliu, Janet Kemei, Dominic Alaazi, Modupe Tunde-Byass, Andre Renzaho, Ato Sekyi-Out, Delores V Mullings, Kannin Osei-Tutu, Bukola Salami","doi":"10.24095/hpcdp.44.3.05","DOIUrl":"10.24095/hpcdp.44.3.05","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated health inequities worldwide. Research conducted in Canada shows that Black populations were disproportionately exposed to COVID-19 and more likely than other ethnoracial groups to be infected and hospitalized. This scoping review sought to map out the nature and extent of current research on COVID-19 among Black people in Canada.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Following a five-stage methodological framework for conducting scoping reviews, studies exploring the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on Black people in Canada, published up to May 2023, were retrieved through a systematic search of seven databases. Of 457 identified records, 124 duplicates and 279 additional records were excluded after title and abstract screening. Of the remaining 54 articles, 39 were excluded after full-text screening; 2 articles were manually picked from the reference lists of the included articles. In total, 17 articles were included in this review.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our review found higher rates of COVID-19 infections and lower rates of COVID-19 screening and vaccine uptake among Black Canadians due to pre-COVID-19 experiences of institutional and structural racism, health inequities and a mistrust of health care professionals that further impeded access to health care. Misinformation about COVID-19 exacerbated mental health issues among Black Canadians.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggest the need to address social inequities experienced by Black Canadians, particularly those related to unequal access to employment and health care. Collecting race-based data on COVID-19 could inform policy formulation to address racial discrimination in access to health care, quality housing and employment, resolve inequities and improve the health and well-being of Black people in Canada.</p>","PeriodicalId":51316,"journal":{"name":"Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada-Research Policy and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11092311/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140159552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jessica A Goddard, Valerie F Pagnotta, Markus J Duncan, Matthew Sudiyono, William Pickett, Scott T Leatherdale, Karen A Patte
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic intensified the impact of risk factors for adolescent mental health, including financial worry. Social support has shown to protect from negative mental health during times of stress. We examined the effect of financial worry on changes in anxiety and depression symptoms among Canadian adolescents prior to and during the pandemic, and assessed whether social support from family and friends moderated any changes.
Methods: We analyzed 2-year linked data from the 2018/19 (pre-pandemic) and 2020/21 (during-pandemic) waves of the COMPASS study, with reports from 12 995 Canadian secondary school students. A series of multilevel linear regressions were conducted to examine the main hypotheses under study.
Results: Students scored an average (SD) of 7.2 (5.8) on the anxiety (GAD-7) and 10.0 (6.5) on the depression (CESD-10) scales; 16.1% reported they experienced financial worry during the pandemic. Financial worry was a strong and significant predictor of increased anxiety scores (+1.7 score between those reporting "true/mostly true" versus "false/mostly false") during the pandemic, but not for depression scores. Low family and friend support were associated with anxiety, and low family support was associated with depression. No significant interactions were detected between social support and financial worry.
Conclusions: Pandemic-related financial worry was significantly associated with anxiety in our large sample of Canadian adolescents. Clinical and public health initiatives should be aware of adolescents' financial worry and its associations with anxiety during times of crisis.
{"title":"A prospective study of financial worry, mental health changes and the moderating effect of social support among Canadian adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"Jessica A Goddard, Valerie F Pagnotta, Markus J Duncan, Matthew Sudiyono, William Pickett, Scott T Leatherdale, Karen A Patte","doi":"10.24095/hpcdp.44.3.04","DOIUrl":"10.24095/hpcdp.44.3.04","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic intensified the impact of risk factors for adolescent mental health, including financial worry. Social support has shown to protect from negative mental health during times of stress. We examined the effect of financial worry on changes in anxiety and depression symptoms among Canadian adolescents prior to and during the pandemic, and assessed whether social support from family and friends moderated any changes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed 2-year linked data from the 2018/19 (pre-pandemic) and 2020/21 (during-pandemic) waves of the COMPASS study, with reports from 12 995 Canadian secondary school students. A series of multilevel linear regressions were conducted to examine the main hypotheses under study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Students scored an average (SD) of 7.2 (5.8) on the anxiety (GAD-7) and 10.0 (6.5) on the depression (CESD-10) scales; 16.1% reported they experienced financial worry during the pandemic. Financial worry was a strong and significant predictor of increased anxiety scores (+1.7 score between those reporting \"true/mostly true\" versus \"false/mostly false\") during the pandemic, but not for depression scores. Low family and friend support were associated with anxiety, and low family support was associated with depression. No significant interactions were detected between social support and financial worry.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Pandemic-related financial worry was significantly associated with anxiety in our large sample of Canadian adolescents. Clinical and public health initiatives should be aware of adolescents' financial worry and its associations with anxiety during times of crisis.</p>","PeriodicalId":51316,"journal":{"name":"Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada-Research Policy and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11092308/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140159524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: The collection of articles in this theme series of the journal presents results from a national chart review study of the death investigation files of people who died of acute toxicity in Canada between 2016 and 2017. This study endeavoured to better understand the characteristics of the people who died, the circumstances of their deaths and the substances involved. While information about the study and some of its findings have previously been published, we would like to share more about how the study came to be, the people involved and the value of collaborative efforts between coroners, medical examiners and public health practitioners.
{"title":"Using death investigation data to better understand the overdose crisis.","authors":"Amanda VanSteelandt, Jenny Rotondo","doi":"10.24095/hpcdp.44.3.01","DOIUrl":"10.24095/hpcdp.44.3.01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The collection of articles in this theme series of the journal presents results from a national chart review study of the death investigation files of people who died of acute toxicity in Canada between 2016 and 2017. This study endeavoured to better understand the characteristics of the people who died, the circumstances of their deaths and the substances involved. While information about the study and some of its findings have previously been published, we would like to share more about how the study came to be, the people involved and the value of collaborative efforts between coroners, medical examiners and public health practitioners.</p>","PeriodicalId":51316,"journal":{"name":"Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada-Research Policy and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11092307/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140159553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Substance-related acute toxicity deaths (ATDs) are a public health crisis in Canada. Youth are often at higher risk for substance use due to social, environmental and structural factors. The objectives of this study were to understand the characteristics of youth (aged 12-24 years) dying of accidental acute toxicity in Canada and examine the substances contributing to and circumstances surrounding youth ATDs.
Methods: Data from a national chart review study of coroner and medical examiner data on ATDs that occurred in Canada between 2016 and 2017 were used to conduct descriptive analyses with proportions, mortality rates and proportionate mortality rates. Where possible, youth in the chart review study were compared with youth in the general population and youth who died of all causes, using census data.
Results: Of the 732 youth who died of accidental acute toxicity in 2016-2017, most (94%) were aged 18 to 24 years. Youth aged 20 to 24 who were unemployed, unhoused or living in collective housing were overrepresented among accidental ATDs. Many of the youth aged 12 to 24 who died of accidental acute toxicity had a documented history of substance use. Fentanyl, cocaine and methamphetamine were the most common substances contributing to death, and 38% of the deaths were witnessed or potentially witnessed.
Conclusion: The findings of this study point to the need for early prevention and harm reduction strategies and programs that address mental health, exposure to trauma, unemployment and housing instability to reduce the harms of substance use on Canadian youth.
{"title":"Accidental substance-related acute toxicity deaths among youth in Canada: a descriptive analysis of a national chart review study of coroner and medical examiner data.","authors":"Grace Yi-Shin Chang, Amanda VanSteelandt, Katherine McKenzie, Fiona Kouyoumdjian","doi":"10.24095/hpcdp.44.3.02","DOIUrl":"10.24095/hpcdp.44.3.02","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Substance-related acute toxicity deaths (ATDs) are a public health crisis in Canada. Youth are often at higher risk for substance use due to social, environmental and structural factors. The objectives of this study were to understand the characteristics of youth (aged 12-24 years) dying of accidental acute toxicity in Canada and examine the substances contributing to and circumstances surrounding youth ATDs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from a national chart review study of coroner and medical examiner data on ATDs that occurred in Canada between 2016 and 2017 were used to conduct descriptive analyses with proportions, mortality rates and proportionate mortality rates. Where possible, youth in the chart review study were compared with youth in the general population and youth who died of all causes, using census data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 732 youth who died of accidental acute toxicity in 2016-2017, most (94%) were aged 18 to 24 years. Youth aged 20 to 24 who were unemployed, unhoused or living in collective housing were overrepresented among accidental ATDs. Many of the youth aged 12 to 24 who died of accidental acute toxicity had a documented history of substance use. Fentanyl, cocaine and methamphetamine were the most common substances contributing to death, and 38% of the deaths were witnessed or potentially witnessed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings of this study point to the need for early prevention and harm reduction strategies and programs that address mental health, exposure to trauma, unemployment and housing instability to reduce the harms of substance use on Canadian youth.</p>","PeriodicalId":51316,"journal":{"name":"Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada-Research Policy and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11092314/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140159550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}