Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada-Research Policy and Practice最新文献

Using data from the 2018 General Social Survey - Caregiving and Care Receiving, we examined the characteristics of caregivers of people with developmental disabilities or disorders (DD) and the impacts of caregiving on these caregivers. The proportion of DD caregivers with optimal general and mental health was smaller than the proportion of non-caregivers. About two-thirds of DD caregivers reported feeling worried or anxious, or tired and almost half reported unmet support needs. However, compared with caregivers of individuals with other conditions, a significantly higher proportion of DD caregivers described their caregiving experiences as rewarding.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the deficiencies in healthcare systems both within and outside of Canada, affecting racialized populations, particularly Black communities, who face an increased risk of infection and mortality from the disease. Although Black populations in Quebec make up more than 25% of the Black population in Canada, detailed data on the impact of COVID-19 on these communities are only available at the national level. This scoping review documents the methods and issues related to the collection, analysis and dissemination of data on the health of Black populations in Quebec, and its social determinants.

Methods: We conducted a review of studies published in English and French from January 2010 to June 2024 by consulting six databases. This review exclusively comprised studies involving data collection from racialized populations, including Black populations in Quebec, and excluded Canada-wide studies involving only a subsample of Black populations in Quebec. The main keywords used were: "data on race", "ethnic data collection", "race data collection", "culturally appropriate", "health", "survey", "questionnaire", "racial groups", "racialized groups", "Black and minority ethnic people", "people of colour", "migrants", "Quebec", "collecte de données", "minorité", "noir" and "ethnicité".

Results: We selected 43 studies covering four sectors: health, social services, education and employment. We identified the main issues, methods and strategies used to recruit members of Black communities and to collect and analyze data according to ethnoracial categories while minimizing bias to better understand the sociocultural and socioeconomic context of the target populations.

Conclusion: Our review highlights the importance of collecting data on racialized groups, particularly Black communities in Quebec, to support public policies aimed at promoting health equity.

Introduction: Anti-Black racism is deeply entrenched in Canadian institutions and has deleterious impacts on Black populations. Black populations have resided in the Atlantic region since the late 17th century. Despite longstanding histories, Atlantic Black populations face significant inequities, including the highest rates of child poverty among Black children across Canada. Community consultations in Atlantic Canada have highlighted a desire to bring attention to these health inequities. The purpose of this review was to identify existing literature pertaining to Black health research in Atlantic Canada and highlight culturally appropriate practices.

Methods: The search strategy was developed with a librarian and focussed on health research pertaining to Black populations in the Atlantic provinces of Canada, covering eight databases. All articles were imported into Covidence for screening, with independent reviewers assessing titles, abstracts and full texts.

Results: Forty-seven studies met the inclusion criteria. Findings demonstrated the pervasiveness and impact of racism, the importance of community engagement as a key cultural consideration and the adoption of participatory action research frameworks as culturally appropriate.

Conclusion: This review revealed opportunities for improving Black health research in Canada's Atlantic provinces. Future research warrants attention to this region and the use of culturally and structurally appropriate research approaches and methods. Recommendations include improved education on Black history and a training module within existing ethical guidelines for culturally and structurally competent research with Black communities.

Introduction: Racial health inequities are explained by inequities in access to medicaladvice and treatment, and the physiological effects of inequities in material conditions and everyday life; however, Canadian evidence on racial health inequities is limited. This review describes promising practices in population survey methods and approaches that can strengthen sampling, measurement and monitoring of racial health inequities and determinants of health for population subgroups within Canada-particularly Black Canadians.

Methods: We employed three steps to identify promising practices in Canada's peer countries and their applicability to the Canadian context. First, we conducted a scan of websites based on prior knowledge of population-level health surveys and datasets. Second, we conducted a review of publications from 2010 to 2020 to identify any missed surveys and datasets. Third, we conducted a targeted review of Canadian population-level health surveys and data sources to identify challenges to and opportunities for implementing these promising practices.

Results: We identified 20 relevant surveys and data sources from the US, the UK, Australia and New Zealand. In several of Canada's peer countries, information on arealevel racial or ethnic concentration of residents is used to conduct targeted sampling strategies, increasing the non-White sample. Our search of the available Canadian datasets found that Canadian health surveys and administrative sources do not routinely incorporate these strategies.

Conclusion: Canada could improve the measurement and monitoring of racial health inequities by applying enhanced sampling practices to collect racial data in surveys and improving procedures for administrative and other routinely collected data sources. There are also novel predictive methods being used to improve sampling of non-White groups, though further investigation of these methods is required.

The aim of this study was to provide an illustrative example of how researchers can effectively engage Black youth using a culturally responsive, participatory action research (PAR) approach. We aimed to examine the mental health needs of Black youth and identify culturally relevant strategies to increase access to and uptake of mental health services. The study took a PAR approach to foster maximum inclusion of youth in the research process. We collected data in two phases: (1) individual interviews with 30 youths; and (2) monthly conversation cafés over a four-month period with 99 youth participants. We recruited youth participants through the Africa Centre Youth Empowerment Group in Alberta, at a soccer tournament hosted by Africa Centre and through affiliated social networks, and established a youth advisory group that met quarterly and assisted with data collection, data analysis and dissemination. We shared our findings at a community engagement session for stakeholders. The study provided space for youth to share their experiences and to imagine solutions to their mental health difficulties; it also allowed us to conduct research that carefully integrated the perspectives of those most affected by the study's policy and practice recommendations. This project is an important case example that demonstrates promising practices and accessible methods across the data collection cycle, as well as the key ingredients and mechanisms that support culturally responsive practice.

Introduction: In 2018, in an effort to address the mental health inequities experienced by Black Canadians, the Government of Canada announced a CAD 10 million investment to establish the Public Health Agency of Canada's Promoting Health Equity: Mental Health of Black Canadians Fund (MHBC). The aim of this study was to examine and document the lessons learned from the MHBC, including successes and challenges.

Methods: Researchers conducted document analysis of 15 participating projects from 14 organizations' annual and final reports. Researchers then conducted interviews with representatives from nine of these organizations. An embedded case study design was used in the data collection and data analysis that included content analysis of annual and final reports, as well as thematic analysis of individual interviews.

Results: Analysis of the data from annual and final reports and interviews illuminated three main themes: facilitators of successes; challenges; and lessons learned and recommendations for funders. Facilitators included honorariums and incentives, participatory action research design and Black leadership. Challenges included delays (for obtaining ethics approval and program implementation); impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic; and difficulties maintaining partnerships. Finally, the lessons learned and recommendations that emerged for funders were that there is a need for longer term and more flexible funding, more Black representation and leadership within funding organizations and greater support of antiracist practices among mainstream service providers.

Conclusion: The findings of this study present the challenges and opportunities in supporting work aimed at improving the mental health and well-being of Black people in Canada.

Introduction: Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada (the HPCDP Journal) is uniquely positioned to serve diverse audiences by presenting valuable contributions to the field of public health from scientists within and outside of government. The HPCDP Journal marking its 10th anniversary under the current name is an opportune time to reflect on how far the journal, the editorial team and the community of contributors have come.

Introduction: We investigated the prevalence of new or persistent manifestations experienced by COVID-19 survivors at 3 or more months after their initial infection, collectively known as post-COVID-19 condition (PCC).

Methods: We searched four electronic databases and major grey literature resources for prospective studies, systematic reviews, authoritative reports and population surveys. A random-effects meta-analysis pooled the prevalence data of 22 symptoms and outcomes. The GRADE approach was used to assess the certainty of evidence. PROSPERO CRD42021231476.

Results: Of 20 731 identified references, 194 met our inclusion criteria. These studies followed 483 531 individuals with confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis over periods of up to 2 years. Most focused on adults, nearly two-thirds were conducted in Europe and 63% were of high or moderate quality. The supplementary search identified 17 systematic reviews, five authoritative reports and four population surveys that reported on PCC prevalence. Our analysis revealed that more than half of COVID-19 survivors experienced one or more symptoms more than a year after their initial infection. The most common symptoms were fatiguedyspneamemory, sleep or concentration disturbances; depressionand pain. Limitation in returning to work was the most common outcome. Prevalence tended to be higher among females, individuals hospitalized during their initial infection and those who experienced severe COVID-19 illness.

Conclusion: PCC presents a significant health burden, affecting some groups more than others. This information will help inform health care system policies and services for people living with PCC and those caring for them.

Introduction: Traditional approaches to supporting older adults in adopting and maintaining an active lifestyle have largely failed. The previously proposed "Staircase Approach" offers a new foundation for developing interventions and public health strategies; this approach includes Step 1 (changing sedentary behaviour) and Steps 2 to 4 (incorporating more physical activity of increasing levels of intensity). In this systematic search and review, we aimed to inform the co-creation of a novel Staircase Approach intervention for community-dwelling, inactive older adults, primarily focussed on Step 1.

Methods: A systematic search was performed across six databases (MEDLINE, PsycInfo, CINAHL, Cochrane CENTRAL, SPORTDiscus and Scopus).

Results: After duplicates were removed, 3427 titles and abstracts were screened. Fourteen articles (including 17 intervention groups) were included after full-text review. Five were randomized controlled trials, three compared two interventions and six were single-arm studies. Sample sizes ranged from 9 to 176 participants, and included 617 older adults at baseline. Mean age of samples ranged from 64.3 (standard deviation [SD] 3.8) to 85.1 (SD 6.2) years, while the intervention length ranged from less than one day to 6 months. Sedentary time interventions are well accepted; most studies had completion rates above 80%. Based on findings from within-group comparisons, half of the studies showed a reduction in sedentary time (6/12 groups) and half showed an increase in physical activity (6/12 groups). Based on findings from between-group comparisons, 2 out of 5 intervention groups showed improvements in sitting time and physical activity outcomes compared to controls. Satisfaction and adherence to interventions were generally high.

Conclusion: Sedentary time interventions for older adults show promise and point to several components that may be included in an intervention focussed on Step 1 of the Staircase Approach.