Interpretation-A Journal of Subsurface Characterization最新文献_第5页

Regional Stratigraphically Discordant Dolomite Mapping Based on Dolomitization Mechanism on the Arabian Carbonate Shelf 基于阿拉伯碳酸盐岩陆架白云岩化机制的区域地层不协调白云岩制图

IF 1.2 4区地球科学 Q3 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS

Interpretation-A Journal of Subsurface Characterization

Pub Date : 2023-06-08 DOI: 10.1190/int-2022-0116.1

Sihai Zhang

Dolomite mapping as a first step towards a carbonate diagenetic modelling, is critical for understanding the dolomitization mechanism, and reservoir quality prediction. Stratigraphically discordant dolomite bodies within the Upper Jurassic intervals have long been studied on the Arabian Shelf. The proposed dolomitization mechanisms show that fluid movement is a key factor in dolomitization processes, and fracture as conduits of fluid movement controlling dolomite geometry. Therefore, faults/fractures served as migration conduits, determine dolomitization distribution by controlling fluid movement. Dolomite delineation in the study area is driven by the diagenetic mechanisms and comprehensive characterization of fracture systems in multiple scales. The complex fracture in the subsurface are categorized into macroscale, mesoscale, and microscale fractures according to the fracture size and seismic wavelength. Macroscale fractures, i.e. faults, are much greater than seismic wavelength and can be easily picked on seismic sections due to obvious seismic response. Mesoscale fractures are slightly greater or equal to seismic wavelength and can be recognized using seismic attributes. Microscale fractures are far smaller than seismic wavelength and can be observed mainly on core samples and thin-sections. The dolomite mapping workflow includes three steps: 1) calibrate seismic attribute characteristics with borehole image logs and core interpretations; 2) implement multiscale fracture characterization using multiple seismic attributes; and 3) interpret dolomite bodies based on fracture characterization and geological modelling. The mapping results show that massive dolomite bodies are heterogeneously developed and distributed mainly in the northeastern part of the study area, with a southward decrease in dolomite content, which is validated by well-based geological model. The results clearly demonstrate that multiscale fracture systems play critical roles in the massive dolomitization, which provides new insights on the dolomitization mechanism and subsurface reservoir and seal.

白云石绘图作为碳酸盐岩成岩建模的第一步，对于理解白云石化机制和储层质量预测至关重要。长期以来，人们一直在阿拉伯大陆架上研究上侏罗纪层段内的地层不整合白云岩。所提出的白云石化机制表明，流体运动是白云石化过程中的一个关键因素，而裂缝是控制白云石几何形状的流体运动管道。因此，断层/裂缝作为运移通道，通过控制流体运动来确定白云石化分布。研究区白云岩的圈定是由成岩机制和多尺度断裂系统的综合表征驱动的。根据裂缝的大小和地震波长，将地下复杂裂缝分为宏观裂缝、中尺度裂缝和微尺度裂缝。宏观裂缝，即断层，比地震波长大得多，由于明显的地震反应，可以很容易地在地震剖面上发现。中尺度裂缝略大于或等于地震波长，可以使用地震属性进行识别。微尺度裂缝远小于地震波长，主要可在岩芯样品和薄片上观察到。白云石成图工作流程包括三个步骤：1）利用钻孔图像测井和岩心解释校准地震属性特征；2）使用多个地震属性实现多尺度裂缝表征；以及3）基于裂缝特征和地质建模来解释白云石体。绘图结果表明，块状白云岩不均匀发育，主要分布在研究区的东北部，白云岩含量向南下降，这一点得到了井基地质模型的验证。研究结果清楚地表明，多尺度断裂系统在块状白云石化中起着关键作用，这为白云石化机制以及地下储层和封盖提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

STRATEGIC DEEP AQUIFER VALLEY CHARACTERIZATION USING AN INTEGRATED GEOPHYSICAL APPROACH (CENTRAL TUNISIA, SOUTHERN MEDITERRANEAN ARID PROVINCE) 采用综合地球物理方法的战略深层含水层谷特征描述(突尼斯中部，地中海南部干旱省)

IF 1.2 4区地球科学 Q3 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS

Interpretation-A Journal of Subsurface Characterization

Pub Date : 2023-06-08 DOI: 10.1190/int-2022-0101.1

Chrifa Meftahi, H. Gabtni

The joint interpretation of geophysical data provides an increasingly important integration of information able of characterizing our subsurface planetary resources. This paper is a demonstration of a case study, situated in an extremely limited water resources region, allowing to develop hydrogeological provinces. An integrated geophysical approach was implemented to clarify the structuring, the extension and geometry of the Miocene aquifer system located to the Sbetla basin (Central Tunisia, southern Mediterranean arid province).#xD;This significant hydrogeological basin is connected to the Tunisian North Water Transmission System for achieve sustainable drinking water supply of Sfax region with at least 1 million residents. The seismic, gravity and electrical methods were used together using advanced analysis (Residual-regional gravity separation, Electrical Resistivity Tomography generation form 1D Vertical Electrical Sounding, etc.). This specific methodology allowed us to reveal a NE-SW strategic deep Miocene aquifer valley segmented by NW-SE faulting corridors. This valley can record the maximum thickness of sandstone Miocene aquifer levels named respectively from deep to shallow levels G1, G2 and G3 separated by two aquitards called from deep to shallow levels A1 and A2. It can be considered as a preferential target zone to carry out new deep exploration drilling.

地球物理数据的联合解释提供了越来越重要的信息整合，能够表征我们的地下行星资源。本文是一个案例研究的示范，该研究位于水资源极其有限的地区，允许开发水文地质省份。实施了综合地球物理方法，以澄清位于斯贝拉盆地（突尼斯中部，地中海南部干旱省）的中新世含水层系统的结构、延伸和几何形状#xD；该重要的水文地质盆地与突尼斯北部输水系统相连，以实现Sfax地区至少100万居民的可持续饮用水供应。地震、重力和电学方法结合使用高级分析（残余区域重力分离、电阻率层析成像生成1D垂直电测深等）。这种特定的方法使我们能够揭示由NW-SE断层走廊分割的NE-SW战略性深中新世含水层山谷。该山谷可以记录砂岩中新世含水层的最大厚度，分别命名为从深到浅G1、G2和G3，由两个弱透水层分隔，称为从深至浅A1和A2。它可以被认为是进行新一轮深部勘探钻井的优先目标区。

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引用次数: 0

Social classification and the changing boundaries of learning. A neopragmatic perspective on social sorting in digital education. 社会分类和不断变化的学习界限。数字教育中社会分类的新实用主义视角

IF 6.9 4区地球科学 Q3 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS

Interpretation-A Journal of Subsurface Characterization

Pub Date : 2023-06-05 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/17439884.2023.2219900

Kenneth Horvath, Mario Steinberg

Allowing learners to move across learning contexts in novel ways, digital tools play an increasingly central role for the formation of learning trajectories and identities. They thus presumably also affect dynamics of social sorting in education. Against this background, this article introduces a conceptual framework for unravelling dynamics of social sorting in digital learning environments. Inspired by French pragmatic sociology, we propose classification as analytical anchor point for disentangling the intricate interplays between educational technologies, learning situations, and wider moral and social orders. We present a 'speculative inquiry' into current AIED to demonstrate the added value this analytical perspective. We identify a hiatus between 'inspired' and 'industrial' logics of classification in current digital learning tools and environments that are likely to yield unwanted social sorting effects. A classification lens helps foreground social dynamics underlying such patterns, thus furthering our understanding of persistent patterns of disadvantaging in (digital) education.

数字工具允许学习者以新颖的方式在学习环境中移动，在学习轨迹和身份的形成中发挥着越来越重要的作用。因此，它们也可能影响教育中社会分类的动态。在此背景下，本文介绍了一个概念框架，用于揭示数字学习环境中社会分类的动态。受法国实用主义社会学的启发，我们提出分类作为分析的锚点，以解开教育技术、学习情境和更广泛的道德和社会秩序之间错综复杂的相互作用。我们提出了对当前AIED的“投机性调查”，以证明这一分析视角的附加价值。我们发现，在当前的数字学习工具和环境中，“灵感”和“工业”分类逻辑之间存在空白，这可能会产生不必要的社会分类效应。分类视角有助于揭示这些模式背后的社会动态，从而进一步加深我们对(数字)教育中持续存在的劣势模式的理解。

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引用次数: 2

Stray gas source determination using forensic geochemical data 利用法医地球化学数据确定杂散气体来源

IF 1.2 4区地球科学 Q3 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS

Interpretation-A Journal of Subsurface Characterization

Pub Date : 2023-05-22 DOI: 10.1190/int-2023-0005.1

M. McCaffrey, A. Kornacki, C. Laughrey, B. Patterson

There is a standard method for rigorously using geochemical data to identify the source of stray gas. “Stray gas” is defined as gaseous material of undetermined origin found in an area where the gas has impacted the shallow-subsurface, potable water supplies, or has the potential to present a threat to public health and safety. Stray gas is composed of hydrocarbons or other gases, such as CO2. Previous studies have used geochemical data, including molecular and isotopic gas compositions, to empirically constrain the source of stray gas present in samples collected from specific locations (sometimes called “receptors”). On a more granular level than presented previously, we have discussed the interpretive workflow that should be followed to interpret geochemical data in the context of a stray gas investigation. A key concept is that geochemical data should be used impartially to evaluate all potential sources of the stray gas and, where possible, identify the most likely source. Focusing on only a subset of potential gas sources can lead to erroneous conclusions regarding gas sources. Furthermore, to accurately identify the gas source, geochemical data must be interpreted in the context of the site-specific geology, including evidence of previous gas migration events in the area. We illustrate these points using examples from Parker County, Texas, and from Lycoming County, Pennsylvania.

有一种标准的方法可以严格使用地球化学数据来识别杂散气体的来源。“杂散气体”是指在影响浅层地下饮用水供应或有可能对公众健康和安全构成威胁的地区发现的来源不明的气体物质。杂散气体由碳氢化合物或其他气体组成，如二氧化碳。先前的研究使用了地球化学数据，包括分子和同位素气体成分，来根据经验限制从特定位置收集的样本中存在的杂散气体的来源（有时称为“受体”）。在比之前更细粒度的层面上，我们讨论了在杂散气体调查的背景下解释地球化学数据时应遵循的解释工作流程。一个关键概念是，应公正地使用地球化学数据来评估杂散气体的所有潜在来源，并在可能的情况下确定最可能的来源。只关注潜在气源的一个子集可能会导致关于气源的错误结论。此外，为了准确识别气源，必须在特定地点的地质背景下解释地球化学数据，包括该地区以前发生过气体运移事件的证据。我们使用德克萨斯州帕克县和宾夕法尼亚州利康明县的例子来说明这些观点。

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引用次数: 0

Log-Constrained Inversion Based on CGPSO Algorithm 基于CG-PSO算法的对数约束反演

IF 1.2 4区地球科学 Q3 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS

Interpretation-A Journal of Subsurface Characterization

Pub Date : 2023-05-22 DOI: 10.1190/int-2022-0109.1

Guangui Zou, Yanhai Liu, De-Lin Teng, Fei Gong, Jiasheng She, Ke Ren, Chengyang Han

Well-logging-constrained impedance inversion is an effective process for predicting the thickness and bifurcation of coal seams. Wavelet changes in a complex region achieve the best match between the inverse and source wavelets, affecting the accuracy of the inversion solution and the ability to obtain accurate inverted acoustic impedance (AI) data. We have conducted the joint inversion of wavelet and AI data using iterative methods, which combined the conjugate gradient (CG) method and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. The Marmousi AI model was used to prove the reliability of the method. The CG-PSO algorithm achieved excellent results compared with the statistical wavelet pickup method. The wavelet obtained by the CG-PSO algorithm is preferred for inversion operations. We applied a new method to invert field data and predict the thickness and bifurcation of coal seams in the karst region. The results find that the wavelet spectrum obtained by the CG-PSO matches the spectrum map of the coal seam in the Yuwang colliery. We determined the distribution of the thickness and bifurcation of the 101 panel, Yuwang Colliery, Yunnan Province. The average error of the predicted coal thickness is 0.17 m (14.4%), which verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of the method. The method provides insights into the AI inversion of constrained waves in complex regions.

测井约束阻抗反演是预测煤层厚度和分岔的有效方法。复杂区域的小波变化实现了逆波和源波的最佳匹配，影响了反演解的精度和获得准确的逆声阻抗(AI)数据的能力。我们结合共轭梯度(CG)法和粒子群优化(PSO)算法，采用迭代方法对小波和人工智能数据进行联合反演。通过Marmousi AI模型验证了该方法的可靠性。与统计小波提取方法相比，CG-PSO算法取得了很好的效果。CG-PSO算法得到的小波是首选的反演操作。应用一种新的反演野外资料的方法，对岩溶区煤层厚度和分岔进行了预测。结果表明，利用CG-PSO得到的小波谱与禹王煤矿煤层的谱图吻合较好。我们确定了云南玉王煤矿101面板的厚度和分岔分布。预测煤厚的平均误差为0.17 m(14.4%)，验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。该方法为复杂区域约束波的人工智能反演提供了见解。

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引用次数: 0

Thermal evolution and hydrocarbon generation history of the Weibei uplift in the Ordos Basin 鄂尔多斯盆地渭北隆起热演化与生烃史

IF 1.2 4区地球科学 Q3 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS

Interpretation-A Journal of Subsurface Characterization

Pub Date : 2023-05-15 DOI: 10.1190/int-2022-0073.1

Junping Cui, Z. Ren, Hua Tao, Kai Qi, Hao Liu, Kezhang Chen, Jingjing Liu

The Weibei uplift in the Ordos Basin has a distinctive tectonic setting and intricate evolutionary history. Along these lines, we have used the stratum temperature, apatite fission track, and vitrinite reflectance data to restore the thermal and hydrocarbon generation histories of the Weibei uplift. The average value of the present geothermal gradient of the Weibei uplift was 27.9°C/km, and the heat flow was 64.9 mW/m2. The Weibei uplift exhibited a moderate geothermal field. Three uplift cooling events occurred in the Weibei uplift during the Mesozoic era: the late Jurassic-early Cretaceous (162–125 Ma), the late Cretaceous (105–65 Ma), and the Eocene-Oligocene (40–27 Ma). The uplift history indicates an early uplift in the south region and a late uplift in the later stage. The thermal evolution history simulation demonstrates that the lower Palaeozoic Ordovician source rocks began to enter the hydrocarbon generation threshold in the middle Permian-late Permian (270 Ma) era and joined the hydrocarbon generation peak in the early-middle Jurassic event (180 Ma). The upper Palaeozoic Carboniferous-Permian source rocks began to enter the hydrocarbon generation threshold in the later period of the middle Permian period (235 Ma). They joined the hydrocarbon generation peak in the late Jurassic-early Cretaceous period (150 Ma). In addition, Triassic source rocks entered the hydrocarbon generation threshold in the early Cretaceous era (135 Ma) and did not enter the hydrocarbon generation peak until now. The low geothermal gradient of the Weibei uplift in the Palaeozoic-early Mesozoic reached the maximum paleotemperature in the early Mesozoic era (100 Ma) because of tectonic thermal events. The highest geothermal gradient of the early Cretaceous reached 51.5°C/km. The peak period of the hydrocarbon generation of source rocks of the different horizons in the Weibei uplift was regulated by the geothermal field of the early Cretaceous event. Since the late Cretaceous period, the stratum has been uplifted and cooled rapidly, and the hydrocarbon generation process of the source rocks has ceased.

鄂尔多斯盆地渭北隆起具有独特的构造背景和复杂的演化历史。据此，我们利用地层温度、磷灰石裂变轨迹和镜质组反射率数据，恢复了渭北隆起的热生烃历史。渭北隆起目前的地热梯度平均值为27.9°C/km，热流为64.9mW/m2。渭北隆起为中等地热场。魏北隆起在中生代发生了三次隆升冷却事件：晚侏罗世-早白垩世（162–125 Ma）、晚白垩纪（105–65 Ma）和始新世-渐新世（40–27 Ma）。隆起历史表明，南部地区有早期隆起，后期有晚期隆起。热演化史模拟表明，下古生代奥陶系烃源岩在中石炭-二叠系（270Ma）开始进入生烃门限，早中侏罗世（180Ma）进入生烃高峰。上古生界石炭-二叠系烃源岩在二叠纪中期后期（235Ma）开始进入生烃门限。它们在晚侏罗世-早白垩世（150 Ma）加入了生烃高峰期。此外，三叠纪烃源岩在白垩纪早期（135Ma）进入生烃门限，直到现在才进入生烃高峰期。由于构造热事件的影响，卫北隆起在古生代中生代早期的低地热梯度在中生代早期达到了最高古温度（100Ma）。早白垩世最高地热梯度达到51.5°C/km，渭北隆起不同层位烃源岩的生烃高峰期受早白垩世事件地热场的调控。晚白垩世以来，地层迅速抬升和冷却，烃源岩的生烃过程停止。

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引用次数: 0

Understanding multiple factors which impact unconventional production: Guidelines to evaluate liquid rich unconventional resource plays 了解影响非常规油气生产的多种因素:评估富含液体非常规资源油气藏的指南

IF 1.2 4区地球科学 Q3 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS

Interpretation-A Journal of Subsurface Characterization

Pub Date : 2023-05-15 DOI: 10.1190/int-2022-0120.1

M. Abrams

As the petroleum industry builds long-term production histories in major liquid-rich unconventional resource (UCR) plays, development geologists and engineers have come to realize the production GOR, petroleum type, and ultimate recoveries do not always match the predictive petroleum system models. Early studies suggested the UCR petroleum systems neither require traditional petroleum traps nor major migration systems, but simply an organic-rich source within the optimal maturity window. Possible explanations for these production discrepancies that were not fully characterized in the initial models include uncertainties in source rock characteristics, primary migration fractionation, fractionation related to storage, and production fractionation. Long term empirical observations suggest off-structure migration contribution, trapping mechanisms, and reservoir phase (single versus two) play an important role in the liquid rich UCR production. If the liquid-rich UCR petroleum system is a well-behaved predominantly local charge system, then the generation product can be estimated with an understanding of the local organic matter type and in-situ level of maturity, but if the UCR play is hybrid with significant migrated down-dip charge contribution, then a more complicated work program will be required to estimate well rates and volumes. The liquid rich unconventional resource play evaluation should reflect these additional factors which can greatly impact surface production rate and liquid recovery.

随着石油行业在主要富液非常规资源区块建立长期生产历史，开发地质学家和工程师已经意识到，生产GOR、石油类型和最终采收率并不总是与预测石油系统模型相匹配。早期研究表明，UCR石油系统既不需要传统的石油圈闭，也不需要主要的运移系统，而只是在最佳成熟度窗口内的一个富含有机物的来源。对这些在初始模型中没有完全表征的生产差异的可能解释包括源岩特征、初次运移分馏、与储存有关的分馏和生产分馏的不确定性。长期经验观察表明，构造外运移贡献、圈闭机制和储层相（单相与双相）在富液UCR生产中发挥着重要作用。如果富液UCR石油系统是一个表现良好的主要局部电荷系统，那么可以通过了解局部有机物类型和原位成熟度水平来估计生成产物，但如果UCR区块是混合的，具有显著的向下倾斜电荷迁移贡献，则将需要更复杂的工作程序来估计井率和体积。富液非常规资源配置评价应反映这些额外因素，这些因素会对地表生产率和液体采收率产生重大影响。

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引用次数: 0

Decomposing and recovering airborne radiometric data through principal component analysis applied on flight-line data: An alternative to reduce noise 利用主成分分析对航线数据进行分解和恢复:一种降低噪声的替代方法

IF 1.2 4区地球科学 Q3 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS

Interpretation-A Journal of Subsurface Characterization

Pub Date : 2023-05-11 DOI: 10.1190/int-2022-0110.1

Adolfo Barbosa da Silva, Rafael Pires de Lima, Karelia La Marca

Airborne gamma-ray spectrometry (AGRS) data provide valuable information about the distribution of radiometric elements on Earths surface. However, the presence of noise can hinder the interpretation or the identification of subtle variations of radioelement concentrations that can be economically attractive. Previous research demonstrated that techniques based on matrix factorization, such as Noise Adjusted Singular Value Decomposition (NASDV) and Minima Noise Fraction (MNF), can reduce noise when applied to AGRS raw spectra. Nevertheless, the raw spectra are often unavailable for end-users, limiting the widespread adoption of such techniques. In this context, we propose using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with the flight-line data before interpolating the data onto a regular grid as a means to reduce noise when the raw spectra are no longer available. We used our approach on two AGRS datasets located in Brazil and one in the United States of America (U.S.A). For Brazils AGRS data, results show that noise can be attenuated through eigendecomposition projection and recovery of the radiometric variables. Furthermore, the technique we propose can highlight some geological features dependent on the number of eigenvectors used to reconstruct the database. For the U.S.A's AGRS dataset previously filtered with NASDV, the proposed methodology seems to produce only marginal improvement. Therefore, our methodology might be particularly successful for AGRS data whose acquisitions were conducted before NASDV and MNF were proposed as radiometric data processing techniques.#xD;

航空伽马射线光谱（AGRS）数据提供了关于地球表面辐射元素分布的有价值的信息。然而，噪声的存在可能会阻碍解释或识别具有经济吸引力的放射性元素浓度的细微变化。先前的研究表明，基于矩阵分解的技术，如噪声调整奇异值分解（NASDV）和最小噪声分数（MNF），在应用于AGRS原始频谱时可以降低噪声。然而，最终用户往往无法获得原始光谱，这限制了此类技术的广泛采用。在这种情况下，我们建议在将数据插值到规则网格上之前，对飞行线数据使用主成分分析（PCA），作为在原始频谱不再可用时减少噪声的一种手段。我们在位于巴西和美国的两个AGRS数据集上使用了我们的方法。对于巴西的AGRS数据，结果表明，可以通过本征分解投影和辐射变量的恢复来衰减噪声。此外，我们提出的技术可以突出一些地质特征，这取决于用于重建数据库的特征向量的数量。对于之前用NASDV过滤的美国AGRS数据集，所提出的方法似乎只产生了微不足道的改进。因此，对于在NASDV和MNF被提议作为辐射数据处理技术之前进行采集的AGRS数据，我们的方法可能特别成功#xD；

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引用次数: 0

A new species of Nidirana Dubois, 1992 (Anura, Ranidae) from Chongqing Municipality, China. 中国重庆市的 Nidirana Dubois, 1992（无尾目，鲼科）新种。

IF 1.3 4区地球科学 Q3 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS

Interpretation-A Journal of Subsurface Characterization

Pub Date : 2023-05-10 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3897/BDJ.11.e101986

Qi Ma, Zhijian Wang

Background: The Nidirana Dubois, 1992 exhibit a ubiquitous presence in East and Southeast Asia, spanning from Japan west to southern China and from northern Thailand to northern Vietnam and Laos in the south. The taxonomic categorisations pertaining to this genus continue to be a subject of debate, particularly with regard to those species that possess broad geographical distributions. In China, 18 species of Nidirana are currently recognised.

New information: We describe a new species of this genus from south-western China. Mitochondrial 16S and COⅠ gene phylogenetic analyses support the new species as an independent clade nested within the Nidirana. The new species is phylogenetically close to N.yaoica, with a genetic distance of 2.5% from its sister taxon. Morphologically, the new species can be distinguished from congeners by a combination of the following characteristics: males relatively small (SVL 41.8-43.3 mm); lateroventral grooves present on both fingers and toes; relative finger length Ⅱ < Ⅰ < Ⅳ < Ⅲ; tibio-tarsal articulation reaching to the level of the eye or nostril; a pair of external subgular vocal sacs in males; one single nuptial pad on the dorsal surface of the base of the first finger in males during the breeding season; webbing formula I 1/2 - 1 II 1/2 - 2 III 1 - 2½ IV 2 - 1V.

背景：Nidirana Dubois（1992 年）在东亚和东南亚无处不在，西起日本，南至中国南部，北起泰国北部，南至越南北部和老挝。与该属有关的分类法仍是一个争论的话题，尤其是那些地理分布广泛的物种。在中国，目前已确认有 18 种 Nidirana：我们描述了产自中国西南部的一个新种。线粒体 16S 和 COⅠ 基因系统进化分析表明，该新种是嵌套在 Nidirana 属中的一个独立支系。在系统发育上，新种与姚古（N.yaoica）接近，与其姊妹类群的遗传距离为 2.5%。从形态上看，该新种可通过以下特征与同属种区分开来：雄性相对较小（SVL 41.8-43.3 mm）；手指和脚趾上都有腹侧沟纹；相对指长 Ⅱ < Ⅰ < Ⅳ < Ⅲ；胫跗关节达到眼睛或鼻孔的水平；雄性有一对外部的腹下声囊；在繁殖季节，雄性在第一指基部的背面有一个单一的吻垫；蹼的计算公式为 I 1/2 - 1 II 1/2 - 2 III 1 - 2½ IV 2 - 1V。

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引用次数: 0

La Luna Formation, Venezuela. A Prospective Unconventional Reservoir La Luna Formation，委内瑞拉。非常规油气藏前景看好

IF 1.2 4区地球科学 Q3 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS

Interpretation-A Journal of Subsurface Characterization

Pub Date : 2023-05-09 DOI: 10.1190/int-2023-0010.1

A. Liborius-Parada, R. Philp, R. Slatt

Since the early 2000s, the exploitation of unconventional reservoirs has become very important to the oil and gas industry because of their high potential source of energy and economic value. Venezuela possesses a world-class hydrocarbon source rock in one of the most prolific hydrocarbon basins in the world, namely the Cretaceous La Luna Formation in the Maracaibo Basin. Outcrop and core samples collected from the northwestern Maracaibo Basin provided the database for this study. A comprehensive multiscale characterization of the samples was undertaken to unravel the stratigraphic properties of the petroleum system. In addition, a geochemical approach was taken to evaluate the prospectivity of the La Luna Formation as an unconventional resource in the Maracaibo Basin. Rock-Eval pyrolysis and biomarker data indicate that the La Luna Formation is dominated by type II kerogen, indicating an oil-prone marine organic matter origin. Total organic carbon values ranged between 3.85 wt% and 9.10 wt%. Distributions of isoprenoids, steranes, and terpanes including gammacerane and monoaromatic steroid hydrocarbons indicated a hypersaline, marine carbonate anoxic depositional environment. Thermal maturity parameters indicate that most of the cores are currently in the oil window. This combined stratigraphic geochemical study indicates that the La Luna Formation has excellent potential as an unconventional reservoir for oil and gas in the study area.

自21世纪初以来，非常规储层的开发对石油和天然气行业来说变得非常重要，因为它们具有很高的潜在能源和经济价值。委内瑞拉在世界上最多产的油气盆地之一，即马拉开波盆地的白垩纪La Luna组，拥有世界级的烃源岩。从马拉开波盆地西北部采集的露头和岩心样本为本研究提供了数据库。对样品进行了全面的多尺度表征，以揭示石油系统的地层特征。此外，还采用地球化学方法评估了La Luna组作为马拉开波盆地非常规资源的远景。岩石蒸发热解和生物标志物数据表明，La Luna组以II型干酪根为主，表明其来源于易出油的海洋有机质。总有机碳值在3.85wt%和9.10wt%之间。类异戊二烯、甾烷和萜烷的分布，包括甘组分和单芳香族甾体烃，表明存在高盐、海相碳酸盐缺氧沉积环境。热成熟度参数表明，大多数岩心目前处于石油窗口期。本次地层地球化学联合研究表明，La Luna组作为研究区非常规油气藏具有良好的潜力。

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引用次数: 0