Though it’s less than a half-century old, the field of communication studies on American campuses has an established discourse and orthodoxy in its program. Mathematicians Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver’s (1949) book The Mathematical Theory of Communication offers a highly scientific and structured process of communication that has been “the” accepted model in communication studies for several years. In The Experience of Human Communication: Body, Flesh, and Relationship, author Frank J. Macke offers a very different concept of human communicative experience, one that breaks away from the scientific and intellectual, and explores the philosophical, epistemological, and spiritual.
尽管美国校园传播学的历史还不到半个世纪，但它的课程已经有了既定的话语和正统观念。数学家Claude Shannon和Warren Weaver(1949)的著作《沟通的数学理论》(The Mathematical Theory of Communication)提供了一个高度科学和结构化的沟通过程，多年来一直是沟通研究中“公认的”模型。在《人类交流的经验:身体、肉体和关系》一书中，作者弗兰克·j·马克提出了一个非常不同的人类交流经验的概念，这个概念脱离了科学和智力，探索了哲学、认识论和精神。
{"title":"Frank J. Macke, The Experience of Human Communication: Body, Flesh, and Relationship","authors":"Diana Ritter","doi":"10.5860/choice.190565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.190565","url":null,"abstract":"Though it’s less than a half-century old, the field of communication studies on American campuses has an established discourse and orthodoxy in its program. Mathematicians Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver’s (1949) book The Mathematical Theory of Communication offers a highly scientific and structured process of communication that has been “the” accepted model in communication studies for several years. In The Experience of Human Communication: Body, Flesh, and Relationship, author Frank J. Macke offers a very different concept of human communicative experience, one that breaks away from the scientific and intellectual, and explores the philosophical, epistemological, and spiritual.","PeriodicalId":51388,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Communication","volume":"98 1","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2017-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83593194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Confronted with new technological options, changing usage patterns and rising criticism, public service broadcasters (PSBs) are paying fresh attention to the public as a target for accountability. This article first investigates how PSBs are repositioning themselves through increased responsiveness to and collaboration with the public and assesses the permissibility of such strategies, bearing in mind the traditional ethos and core principles of public service. The second part reacts to the finding that, while there is much talk about the public and the need to reconnect, little is known about the public’s perception regarding the importance of the idea of public service in times of media change. Results of a Swiss representative case study show that people still consider public service highly important in times of the Internet. Unexpectedly, linear regression and structural equation modeling reveal that this assessment is virtually independent of sociodemographics and individual values.
{"title":"A Blind Spot in Public Broadcasters’ Discovery of the Public: How the Public Values Public Service","authors":"Natascha Just, Moritz Büchi, M. Latzer","doi":"10.5167/UZH-136531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5167/UZH-136531","url":null,"abstract":"Confronted with new technological options, changing usage patterns and rising criticism, public service broadcasters (PSBs) are paying fresh attention to the public as a target for accountability. This article first investigates how PSBs are repositioning themselves through increased responsiveness to and collaboration with the public and assesses the permissibility of such strategies, bearing in mind the traditional ethos and core principles of public service. The second part reacts to the finding that, while there is much talk about the public and the need to reconnect, little is known about the public’s perception regarding the importance of the idea of public service in times of media change. Results of a Swiss representative case study show that people still consider public service highly important in times of the Internet. Unexpectedly, linear regression and structural equation modeling reveal that this assessment is virtually independent of sociodemographics and individual values.","PeriodicalId":51388,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Communication","volume":"223 1","pages":"20"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2017-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75688107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recycled Stars: Female Film Stardom in the Age of Television and Video is the culmination of Mary R. Desjardins’s years of study and work on stars, fandom, and the film industry. Desjardins’s book bridges the gap from film to television stardom in two different time periods: from 1948 to 1960 and then through the 1980s and 1990s. This focus through time is to show how these stars are “recycled” or “to expose who is invested in and who profits from the reemergence or sustained popularity of particular stars” (p. 3). Emphasizing female stars in particular is reflective of the fact that women were under particular scrutiny to maintain a certain identity both onand off-screen. A handful of stars—Gloria Swanson, Loretta Young, Mary Astor, Ida Lupino, Lucille Ball, and Maureen O’Hara—are examined more closely because of their experience transitioning to new media while attempting to maintain a certain image. In this way, this book is not just another biographical star study or historical piece. Rather, Desjardins uses a multidisciplinary approach to discuss the recycling of stars. Although film and television studies play a prominent role throughout the piece, there are also significant elements of critical cultural and feminist theories.
《再循环的明星:电视和录像时代的女性电影明星》是Mary R. Desjardins多年来对明星、影迷和电影工业的研究和工作的结晶。Desjardins的书跨越了两个不同的时期，从1948年到1960年，然后是20世纪80年代和90年代，从电影到电视明星。这种通过时间的关注是为了展示这些明星是如何被“循环利用”的，或者“暴露谁被投资了，谁从某些明星的重新出现或持续流行中获利”(第3页)。特别强调女明星反映了这样一个事实，即女性在银幕内外都受到了特别的审查，以保持某种身份。少数几位明星——格洛丽亚·斯旺森、洛丽塔·杨、玛丽·阿斯特、艾达·卢皮诺、露西尔·鲍尔和莫林·奥哈拉——因为她们在试图保持某种形象的同时过渡到新媒体的经历而得到了更密切的研究。这样，这本书就不仅仅是另一本传记明星研究或历史作品了。相反，Desjardins使用多学科方法来讨论恒星的回收。虽然电影和电视研究在整个作品中发挥了突出作用，但也有重要的文化批判和女权主义理论元素。
{"title":"Mary R. Desjardins, Recycled Stars: Female Film Stardom in the Age of Television and Video","authors":"C. Bednarz","doi":"10.5860/choice.191552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.191552","url":null,"abstract":"Recycled Stars: Female Film Stardom in the Age of Television and Video is the culmination of Mary R. Desjardins’s years of study and work on stars, fandom, and the film industry. Desjardins’s book bridges the gap from film to television stardom in two different time periods: from 1948 to 1960 and then through the 1980s and 1990s. This focus through time is to show how these stars are “recycled” or “to expose who is invested in and who profits from the reemergence or sustained popularity of particular stars” (p. 3). Emphasizing female stars in particular is reflective of the fact that women were under particular scrutiny to maintain a certain identity both onand off-screen. A handful of stars—Gloria Swanson, Loretta Young, Mary Astor, Ida Lupino, Lucille Ball, and Maureen O’Hara—are examined more closely because of their experience transitioning to new media while attempting to maintain a certain image. In this way, this book is not just another biographical star study or historical piece. Rather, Desjardins uses a multidisciplinary approach to discuss the recycling of stars. Although film and television studies play a prominent role throughout the piece, there are also significant elements of critical cultural and feminist theories.","PeriodicalId":51388,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Communication","volume":"24 1","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81958201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This reply to “The Curious Absence of Economic Analysis at the Federal Communications Commission” by Faulhaber, Singer, and Urschel makes three claims. First, we document the paper’s undisclosed origins as a white paper commissioned by an advocacy group with deep ties to the telecommunications industry. Second, we describe two of the authors’ active participation, on behalf of clients, in a range of contested issues before the FCC in recent years. Finally, our review of FCC workshops, roundtables, seminars, dockets, and rulings—including during its landmark 2015 Open Internet Order and several blockbuster mergers and acquisitions—provides detailed evidence to refute the paper’s core “curious absence” charge. The stakes could not be higher, we conclude, as the new FCC chair, Ajit Pai, has repeatedly referenced the paper to justify his rollback of FCC regulations—including, crucially, the common carriage/net neutrality rules so vigorously opposed by the paper’s funders.
{"title":"A Curious Tale of Economics and Common Carriage (Net Neutrality) at the FCC: A Reply to Faulhaber, Singer, and Urschel","authors":"D. Winseck, J. Pooley","doi":"10.33767/osf.io/ymkx4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33767/osf.io/ymkx4","url":null,"abstract":"This reply to “The Curious Absence of Economic Analysis at the Federal Communications Commission” by Faulhaber, Singer, and Urschel makes three claims. First, we document the paper’s undisclosed origins as a white paper commissioned by an advocacy group with deep ties to the telecommunications industry. Second, we describe two of the authors’ active participation, on behalf of clients, in a range of contested issues before the FCC in recent years. Finally, our review of FCC workshops, roundtables, seminars, dockets, and rulings—including during its landmark 2015 Open Internet Order and several blockbuster mergers and acquisitions—provides detailed evidence to refute the paper’s core “curious absence” charge. The stakes could not be higher, we conclude, as the new FCC chair, Ajit Pai, has repeatedly referenced the paper to justify his rollback of FCC regulations—including, crucially, the common carriage/net neutrality rules so vigorously opposed by the paper’s funders.","PeriodicalId":51388,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Communication","volume":"12 1","pages":"2702-2733"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85029147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This commentary, after outlining the broader rationale for open access in scholarly publishing, makes three arguments to support the claim that media and communication scholars should be at the forefront of the open access movement: (1) The topics that we write about are inescapably multimedia, so our publishing platforms should be capable— at the very least—of embedding the objects that we study; (2) media studies, owing to their fragmentation and marginality, can sidestep the prestige “penalty” that drags down other disciplines’ open access efforts; and (3) our rich research traditions on popular media dynamics are begging to be applied (and perhaps rethought) in the context of scholarly communication.
{"title":"Open Media Scholarship: The Case for Open Access in Media Studies","authors":"J. Pooley","doi":"10.33767/osf.io/te9as","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33767/osf.io/te9as","url":null,"abstract":"This commentary, after outlining the broader rationale for open access in scholarly publishing, makes three arguments to support the claim that media and communication scholars should be at the forefront of the open access movement: (1) The topics that we write about are inescapably multimedia, so our publishing platforms should be capable— at the very least—of embedding the objects that we study; (2) media studies, owing to their fragmentation and marginality, can sidestep the prestige “penalty” that drags down other disciplines’ open access efforts; and (3) our rich research traditions on popular media dynamics are begging to be applied (and perhaps rethought) in the context of scholarly communication.","PeriodicalId":51388,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Communication","volume":"67 1","pages":"17"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2016-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89192458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Victor Pickard’s book on the formative years directly after the Communications Act is a major contribution to media history research, and should be read by policy historians and media advocacy researchers. In America’s Battle for Media Democracy, pulling from rigorous archive work, Pickard examines the subsequent players and organizational framework of the FCC in the 1940s. Intriguingly, he has found that contrary to our received narrative, the 1940s saw liberally invested commissioners who authorized studies to increase access to public airwaves. Roosevelt’s New Deal technocrats were hired to implement a policy that favored privatization. But the work they actually conducted, Pickard argues, paved the way for alternative media practices to develop, from educational broadcasts to journalism ethics. And according to Pickard, this first U.S. debate, essentially regarding the federal deliberations over if public or private institutions were best prepared to steward the U.S. airwaves, still animates contemporary media studies debates. Is democracy better served by public or commercial broadcasting? What does a successful media advocacy look like in practice, and what impediments do progressive investments face when working to change policy? Pickard’s book shows that activism in the 1940s provides a case study of how progressive goals to encourage public service media materialized into specific administrative legacies. The posterity of these advocacies resulted in a failure to fully instigate a progressive framework for media policy, yet at the same time a tradition that can still be reclaimed by progressive advocates. Both outcomes were the result of this period of strategic interpretation after the Communications Act, and to understand these legacies, a dedicated and close study of these methods is necessary.
{"title":"Victor Pickard, America’s Battle for Media Democracy: The Triumph of Corporate Libertarianism and the Future of Media Reform","authors":"J. Shepperd","doi":"10.1093/jahist/jaw125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jahist/jaw125","url":null,"abstract":"Victor Pickard’s book on the formative years directly after the Communications Act is a major contribution to media history research, and should be read by policy historians and media advocacy researchers. In America’s Battle for Media Democracy, pulling from rigorous archive work, Pickard examines the subsequent players and organizational framework of the FCC in the 1940s. Intriguingly, he has found that contrary to our received narrative, the 1940s saw liberally invested commissioners who authorized studies to increase access to public airwaves. Roosevelt’s New Deal technocrats were hired to implement a policy that favored privatization. But the work they actually conducted, Pickard argues, paved the way for alternative media practices to develop, from educational broadcasts to journalism ethics. And according to Pickard, this first U.S. debate, essentially regarding the federal deliberations over if public or private institutions were best prepared to steward the U.S. airwaves, still animates contemporary media studies debates. Is democracy better served by public or commercial broadcasting? What does a successful media advocacy look like in practice, and what impediments do progressive investments face when working to change policy? Pickard’s book shows that activism in the 1940s provides a case study of how progressive goals to encourage public service media materialized into specific administrative legacies. The posterity of these advocacies resulted in a failure to fully instigate a progressive framework for media policy, yet at the same time a tradition that can still be reclaimed by progressive advocates. Both outcomes were the result of this period of strategic interpretation after the Communications Act, and to understand these legacies, a dedicated and close study of these methods is necessary.","PeriodicalId":51388,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Communication","volume":"6 1","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2016-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78421525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As the prevalence of digital technologies has increased, so too has the prevalence of graphically designed content. In particular, typography has emerged as an increasingly important tool for visual communication. In recent years, political actors have seized upon the expressive potential of typography to communicate their messages, to support their campaign efforts, and to establish viable brand identities. However, researchers have been slow to address the new role typography plays in the processes of political communication. Therefore, this article both synthesizes and proposes key areas for research on typography in political communication. Drawing on extant literature across the fields of design, communication, and political science, this article identifies the ways in which typography contributes to the communicative and organizational aims of political actors, demonstrates these contributions with examples from recent political campaigns, and concludes by pointing toward unanswered questions for future studies to address.
{"title":"Fonts of Potential: Areas for Typographic Research in Political Communication","authors":"Thomas J. Billard","doi":"10.31235/osf.io/g7j4u","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/g7j4u","url":null,"abstract":"As the prevalence of digital technologies has increased, so too has the prevalence of graphically designed content. In particular, typography has emerged as an increasingly important tool for visual communication. In recent years, political actors have seized upon the expressive potential of typography to communicate their messages, to support their campaign efforts, and to establish viable brand identities. However, researchers have been slow to address the new role typography plays in the processes of political communication. Therefore, this article both synthesizes and proposes key areas for research on typography in political communication. Drawing on extant literature across the fields of design, communication, and political science, this article identifies the ways in which typography contributes to the communicative and organizational aims of political actors, demonstrates these contributions with examples from recent political campaigns, and concludes by pointing toward unanswered questions for future studies to address.","PeriodicalId":51388,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Communication","volume":"32 1","pages":"23"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2016-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88055356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examines representations of transgender individuals and identity in mainstream American newspapers in an effort to understand the extent to which the transgender community is legitimized or delegitimized by news media. To do so, 200 articles from 13 of the 25 most circulated daily newspapers in the United States were coded for the presence or absence of Legitimacy Indicators. The study finds that mainstream newspaper coverage of the transgender community is extremely limited. What coverage existed, however, contains a significant amount of delegitimizing language, which it is argued will detrimentally impact both the projected legitimacy of transgender claims in the political arena and public perceptions of the transgender community.
{"title":"Writing in the Margins: Mainstream News Media Representations of Transgenderism","authors":"Thomas J. Billard","doi":"10.31235/osf.io/4q8f3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/4q8f3","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines representations of transgender individuals and identity in mainstream American newspapers in an effort to understand the extent to which the transgender community is legitimized or delegitimized by news media. To do so, 200 articles from 13 of the 25 most circulated daily newspapers in the United States were coded for the presence or absence of Legitimacy Indicators. The study finds that mainstream newspaper coverage of the transgender community is extremely limited. What coverage existed, however, contains a significant amount of delegitimizing language, which it is argued will detrimentally impact both the projected legitimacy of transgender claims in the political arena and public perceptions of the transgender community.","PeriodicalId":51388,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Communication","volume":"32 1","pages":"26"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2016-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72902583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article studies how multiple news media’s different partisan political interests and professional journalistic norms intersect and alter the media system’s ability to represent diversity. Through a case study of the news coverage of anti-industrialization protests in the East Indian city of Kolkata and by drawing on political economic critiques and theories of political communication, this article argues that “hybrid” forms of professional journalism remain central to a media system’s ability to represent differences or “external pluralism.” This article proposes the conceptual framework of “hybrid partisan system” to account for the changes in a media system due to the intersection of multiple news media outlets’ partisan alliances and professional interests.
{"title":"Free market media, democracy and partisanship : a case study of Kolkata’s newspapers’ coverage of anti-industrialisation protests","authors":"Suruchi Mazumdar","doi":"10.32657/10356/69003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32657/10356/69003","url":null,"abstract":"This article studies how multiple news media’s different partisan political interests and professional journalistic norms intersect and alter the media system’s ability to represent diversity. Through a case study of the news coverage of anti-industrialization protests in the East Indian city of Kolkata and by drawing on political economic critiques and theories of political communication, this article argues that “hybrid” forms of professional journalism remain central to a media system’s ability to represent differences or “external pluralism.” This article proposes the conceptual framework of “hybrid partisan system” to account for the changes in a media system due to the intersection of multiple news media outlets’ partisan alliances and professional interests.","PeriodicalId":51388,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Communication","volume":"92 1","pages":"22"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2016-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73457336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Based on focus group interviews, we considered how young adults’ attitudes about privacy can be reconciled with their online behavior. The “privacy paradox” suggests that young people claim to care about privacy while simultaneously providing a great deal of personal information through social media. Our interviews revealed that young adults do understand and care about the potential risks associated with disclosing information online and engage in at least some privacy-protective behaviors on social media. However, they feel that once information is shared, it is ultimately out of their control. They attribute this to the opaque practices of institutions, the technological affordances of social media, and the concept of networked privacy, which acknowledges that individuals exist in social contexts where others can and do violate their privacy.
{"title":"“What Can I Really Do?” Explaining the Privacy Paradox with Online Apathy","authors":"E. Hargittai, Alice E. Marwick","doi":"10.5167/UZH-148157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5167/UZH-148157","url":null,"abstract":"Based on focus group interviews, we considered how young adults’ attitudes about privacy can be reconciled with their online behavior. The “privacy paradox” suggests that young people claim to care about privacy while simultaneously providing a great deal of personal information through social media. Our interviews revealed that young adults do understand and care about the potential risks associated with disclosing information online and engage in at least some privacy-protective behaviors on social media. However, they feel that once information is shared, it is ultimately out of their control. They attribute this to the opaque practices of institutions, the technological affordances of social media, and the concept of networked privacy, which acknowledges that individuals exist in social contexts where others can and do violate their privacy.","PeriodicalId":51388,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Communication","volume":"10 1","pages":"21"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2016-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82072115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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