Pub Date : 2016-04-15DOI: 10.7551/mitpress/9970.003.0006
Hao Cao
It is hard to miss the striking resemblance between Mancur Olson’s (1965) The Logic of Collective Action and Bennett and Segerberg’s The Logic of Connective Action. Just like the first book that heralded social movement studies into the resource mobilization paradigm, the latter is likely to inaugurate a new paradigm of contentious action research in the digital age. Both books deal with the role of organization in social movements. In contrast to the collective action organizational logic in the first book, Bennett and Segerberg’s book offers a new organizational logic—connective action— to explain how contentious action networks evolve in the digital era. This review follows the structure of the book and discusses its main theoretical contributions, the empirical studies supporting the new theory, and a few gaps that can be filled by further investigations.
{"title":"W. Lance Bennett & Alexandra Segerberg, The Logic of Connective Action: Digital Media and the Personalization of Contentious Politics","authors":"Hao Cao","doi":"10.7551/mitpress/9970.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9970.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"It is hard to miss the striking resemblance between Mancur Olson’s (1965) The Logic of Collective Action and Bennett and Segerberg’s The Logic of Connective Action. Just like the first book that heralded social movement studies into the resource mobilization paradigm, the latter is likely to inaugurate a new paradigm of contentious action research in the digital age. Both books deal with the role of organization in social movements. In contrast to the collective action organizational logic in the first book, Bennett and Segerberg’s book offers a new organizational logic—connective action— to explain how contentious action networks evolve in the digital era. This review follows the structure of the book and discusses its main theoretical contributions, the empirical studies supporting the new theory, and a few gaps that can be filled by further investigations.","PeriodicalId":51388,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Communication","volume":"15 1","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2016-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87626230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The day I sat down to start writing this review, New Jersey Governor Chris Christie held a strange press conference. Two days prior, Christie had introduced Republican presidential hopeful Donald Trump and then stood behind the candidate he’d endorsed wearing what looked like the facial expression of a man slowly realizing he’d made an enormous mistake. People had some fun with this on the Internet, by (among other things) scoring video of Christie’s hilarious expression with the comedic theme song from the TV show Curb Your Enthusiasm.
{"title":"Victoria A. Farrar-Myers & Justin S. Vaughn (Eds.), Controlling the Message: New Media in American Political Campaigns","authors":"Doron Taussig","doi":"10.5860/choice.192192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.192192","url":null,"abstract":"The day I sat down to start writing this review, New Jersey Governor Chris Christie held a strange press conference. Two days prior, Christie had introduced Republican presidential hopeful Donald Trump and then stood behind the candidate he’d endorsed wearing what looked like the facial expression of a man slowly realizing he’d made an enormous mistake. People had some fun with this on the Internet, by (among other things) scoring video of Christie’s hilarious expression with the comedic theme song from the TV show Curb Your Enthusiasm.","PeriodicalId":51388,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Communication","volume":"119 1","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2016-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88068799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-02-13DOI: 10.7551/mitpress/11674.003.0003
Daniel Greene
This article uses archival materials from the Clinton administration to explore how the “digital divide” frame was initially built. By connecting features of this frame for stratified Internet access with concurrent poverty policy discourses, I reveal the digital divide frame as a crucial piece of the emergent neoliberal consensus, positioning economic transition as a natural disaster only the digitally skilled will survive. The Clinton administration framed the digital divide as a national economic crisis and operationalized it as a deficit of human capital and the tools to bring it to market. The deficit was to be resolved through further competition in telecommunications markets. The result was a hopeful understanding of “access” as the opportunity to compete in the New Economy.
{"title":"Discovering the Divide: Technology and Poverty in the New Economy","authors":"Daniel Greene","doi":"10.7551/mitpress/11674.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/11674.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"This article uses archival materials from the Clinton administration to explore how the “digital divide” frame was initially built. By connecting features of this frame for stratified Internet access with concurrent poverty policy discourses, I reveal the digital divide frame as a crucial piece of the emergent neoliberal consensus, positioning economic transition as a natural disaster only the digitally skilled will survive. The Clinton administration framed the digital divide as a national economic crisis and operationalized it as a deficit of human capital and the tools to bring it to market. The deficit was to be resolved through further competition in telecommunications markets. The result was a hopeful understanding of “access” as the opportunity to compete in the New Economy.","PeriodicalId":51388,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Communication","volume":"21 1","pages":"20"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2016-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73886292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.14355/IJC.2016.05.001
N. Sabna, P. Pillai
{"title":"Channel Estimation in an OFDM System for Undersea Acoustic Links","authors":"N. Sabna, P. Pillai","doi":"10.14355/IJC.2016.05.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14355/IJC.2016.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51388,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Communication","volume":"168 3-4","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72482350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Patricia G. Lange, Kids on YouTube: Technical Identities and Digital Literacies","authors":"Neta Kligler-Vilenchik","doi":"10.5860/choice.185122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.185122","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51388,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Communication","volume":"1 1","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2015-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89771680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gender is an important lens to critique an economic recession because not only are men and women impacted differently by a financial crisis, but gender is also used to illustrate the state of an economy. As such, it plays a significant role in the media because it provides an accessible understanding of the economy for the audience. Despite gender being an important lens, feminist scholars in the communication field have not paid enough attention to financial crises and their aftermaths. Diane Negra and Yvonne Tasker’s edited volume Gendering the Recession: Media and Culture in an Age of Austerity is therefore a valuable contribution to a feminist understanding of an economic downturn. It is likely to be remembered as one of the first books on gender, media, and economic crisis.
{"title":"Diane Negra & Yvonne Tasker (Eds.), Gendering the Recession: Media and Culture in an Age of Austerity","authors":"Micky Lee","doi":"10.5860/choice.52-0358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.52-0358","url":null,"abstract":"Gender is an important lens to critique an economic recession because not only are men and women impacted differently by a financial crisis, but gender is also used to illustrate the state of an economy. As such, it plays a significant role in the media because it provides an accessible understanding of the economy for the audience. Despite gender being an important lens, feminist scholars in the communication field have not paid enough attention to financial crises and their aftermaths. Diane Negra and Yvonne Tasker’s edited volume Gendering the Recession: Media and Culture in an Age of Austerity is therefore a valuable contribution to a feminist understanding of an economic downturn. It is likely to be remembered as one of the first books on gender, media, and economic crisis.","PeriodicalId":51388,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Communication","volume":"24 1","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2015-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84134151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In 2009, Tim Jordan wrote that “the possibilities for power and society in times of digital media and the Internet are still not well understood” (Jordan, 2009, p. 1). In Internet years, that may as well have been a lifetime ago. Six years on, such disparate and bewildering events as WikiLeaks (2010 and onward), the Arab Spring (2011), the Snowden revelations (2013), the hacking of Sony Pictures (2014), and most recently, the theft of unimaginable amounts of information on U.S. federal employees by (allegedly) Chinese hackers (2015) have given us a palpable sense of what is possible in this brave new digital world. Odds are there will be a new case to add to the list before this review is published. Meanwhile, governments, corporations, and civil society continue to spar, both publicly and behind the scenes, over tradeoffs between privacy, free expression, public safety, and national security. Individuals, too, are embroiled in these politics of information, grappling daily with the intrusion of the digital into daily life at home, at work, and at play.
{"title":"Tim Jordan, Information Politics: Liberation and Exploitation in the Digital Society","authors":"N. Marechal","doi":"10.5860/choice.192748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.192748","url":null,"abstract":"In 2009, Tim Jordan wrote that “the possibilities for power and society in times of digital media and the Internet are still not well understood” (Jordan, 2009, p. 1). In Internet years, that may as well have been a lifetime ago. Six years on, such disparate and bewildering events as WikiLeaks (2010 and onward), the Arab Spring (2011), the Snowden revelations (2013), the hacking of Sony Pictures (2014), and most recently, the theft of unimaginable amounts of information on U.S. federal employees by (allegedly) Chinese hackers (2015) have given us a palpable sense of what is possible in this brave new digital world. Odds are there will be a new case to add to the list before this review is published. Meanwhile, governments, corporations, and civil society continue to spar, both publicly and behind the scenes, over tradeoffs between privacy, free expression, public safety, and national security. Individuals, too, are embroiled in these politics of information, grappling daily with the intrusion of the digital into daily life at home, at work, and at play.","PeriodicalId":51388,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Communication","volume":"4 1","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2015-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85340099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Social media platforms and other digital interactive media hold great potential for political communication. This study explores perceptions about this potential and the motivations to adopt participatory tools and assesses both motivations and challenges that local administrations face in the process of technology adoption for political communication. Switzerland is a critical case for local communication, because, on the one hand, media structures, media usage patterns, political culture, and legal regulations make it likely to find high levels of participatory online communication. On the other hand, the formalized participation opportunities of direct democracy may undermine the potential of online participation. Our analysis, based on interviews and document analysis, addresses the implementation of participatory online communication from the theoretical perspectives of rational choice and neoinstitutionalism. We found diffuse rather than specific motivations, role conflicts, frictions between informal online participation and formal decision-making processes, and low demand and resonance from citizens to be important challenges to the implementation of online participation.
{"title":"Qualitative Political Communication| To Implement or Not to Implement? Participatory Online Communication in Swiss Cities","authors":"U. Klinger, Stephan Rösli, Otfried Jarren","doi":"10.5167/UZH-116694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5167/UZH-116694","url":null,"abstract":"Social media platforms and other digital interactive media hold great potential for political communication. This study explores perceptions about this potential and the motivations to adopt participatory tools and assesses both motivations and challenges that local administrations face in the process of technology adoption for political communication. Switzerland is a critical case for local communication, because, on the one hand, media structures, media usage patterns, political culture, and legal regulations make it likely to find high levels of participatory online communication. On the other hand, the formalized participation opportunities of direct democracy may undermine the potential of online participation. Our analysis, based on interviews and document analysis, addresses the implementation of participatory online communication from the theoretical perspectives of rational choice and neoinstitutionalism. We found diffuse rather than specific motivations, role conflicts, frictions between informal online participation and formal decision-making processes, and low demand and resonance from citizens to be important challenges to the implementation of online participation.","PeriodicalId":51388,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Communication","volume":"2 1","pages":"21"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74209276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fabio Giglietto, G. B. Artieri, L. Gemini, Mario Orefice
The practice of watching TV while using a secondary device is becoming a widespread social phenomenon. At the same time, a growing amount of studies, focus on users’ communicative behaviors while consuming specific TV programs or genres. Despite a diffuse scholarly interest on this issue, few studies compare different forms of online audience participation generated around different TV genres. This paper presents a full-season comparative study of live tweeting practices generated around a political talk show and a talent show. We focused on the following research questions: RQ1. What triggers active audience engagement in the two formats? RQ2. Do people tend to delegate or cover up the expression of opinion when the show deals with politics rather than entertainment? To answer these questions, from August 30 2012 to June 30 2013, we collected all tweets containing either the official hashtag of the political talk show Servizio Pubblico or the sixth Italian edition of X-Factor for a total amount of about 1 million tweets. For each episode (37), we identified peaks of Twitter engagement and observed the corresponding TV scene. We found that surprise and suspense play a different role in enacting online audience engagement. Further content analysis on a sample of eight peaks (13,189 coded tweets) confirmed the substantial difference in the way opinions are expressed when commenting on politics and entertainment.
{"title":"Understanding Engagement and Willingness to Speak Up in Social-Television: A Full-Season, Cross-Genre Analysis of TV Audience Participation on Twitter","authors":"Fabio Giglietto, G. B. Artieri, L. Gemini, Mario Orefice","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2611083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2611083","url":null,"abstract":"The practice of watching TV while using a secondary device is becoming a widespread social phenomenon. At the same time, a growing amount of studies, focus on users’ communicative behaviors while consuming specific TV programs or genres. Despite a diffuse scholarly interest on this issue, few studies compare different forms of online audience participation generated around different TV genres. This paper presents a full-season comparative study of live tweeting practices generated around a political talk show and a talent show. We focused on the following research questions: RQ1. What triggers active audience engagement in the two formats? RQ2. Do people tend to delegate or cover up the expression of opinion when the show deals with politics rather than entertainment? To answer these questions, from August 30 2012 to June 30 2013, we collected all tweets containing either the official hashtag of the political talk show Servizio Pubblico or the sixth Italian edition of X-Factor for a total amount of about 1 million tweets. For each episode (37), we identified peaks of Twitter engagement and observed the corresponding TV scene. We found that surprise and suspense play a different role in enacting online audience engagement. Further content analysis on a sample of eight peaks (13,189 coded tweets) confirmed the substantial difference in the way opinions are expressed when commenting on politics and entertainment.","PeriodicalId":51388,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Communication","volume":"12 1","pages":"21"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2015-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81977183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Many books have been written about youth culture, and the ways in which the “troubled teen” has functioned as both a pop cultural trope and a site of medical, juridical, and governmental intervention (e.g., Breggin & Breggin, 1998; Hall & Jefferson, 1976; Kidd, 2004; Prescott, 1998; Rembis, 2011; Savage, 2007). However, few books on this topic have shown how the ongoing normalization of teenagers has been mobilized by cultural producers, policy makers, and medical professionals alike, in discourses of disability that relocate adolescence in a culture of rehabilitation. Julie Passanante Elman’s Chronic Youth: Disability, Sexuality, and U.S. Media Cultures of Rehabilitation offers a provocative new analysis of the rehabilitative cultural narratives that shape knowledge about youth, sexuality, disability, and policies that attempt to regulate teen behavior. Elman argues that rehabilitative discourses targeting young people do more than pathologize them; these discourses recast adolescence as a treatable “condition” which must be carefully diagnosed, prescribed, and (hopefully) cured.
{"title":"Julie Passanante Elman, Chronic Youth: Disability, Sexuality, and U.S. Media Cultures of Rehabilitation","authors":"M. Sherman","doi":"10.1093/jahist/jav595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jahist/jav595","url":null,"abstract":"Many books have been written about youth culture, and the ways in which the “troubled teen” has functioned as both a pop cultural trope and a site of medical, juridical, and governmental intervention (e.g., Breggin & Breggin, 1998; Hall & Jefferson, 1976; Kidd, 2004; Prescott, 1998; Rembis, 2011; Savage, 2007). However, few books on this topic have shown how the ongoing normalization of teenagers has been mobilized by cultural producers, policy makers, and medical professionals alike, in discourses of disability that relocate adolescence in a culture of rehabilitation. Julie Passanante Elman’s Chronic Youth: Disability, Sexuality, and U.S. Media Cultures of Rehabilitation offers a provocative new analysis of the rehabilitative cultural narratives that shape knowledge about youth, sexuality, disability, and policies that attempt to regulate teen behavior. Elman argues that rehabilitative discourses targeting young people do more than pathologize them; these discourses recast adolescence as a treatable “condition” which must be carefully diagnosed, prescribed, and (hopefully) cured.","PeriodicalId":51388,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Communication","volume":"1 1","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2015-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89811057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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