Pub Date : 2024-04-11DOI: 10.17269/s41997-024-00876-8
Daniel Fuller, Sanja Stanojevic, Gaynor Watson-Creed, Laura Anderson, Natalya Mason, Jennifer Walker
There is an obligation among those teaching epidemiology to incorporate principles of equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) into the curriculum. While there is a well-established literature related to teaching epidemiology, this literature rarely addresses critical aspects of EDI. To our knowledge, there is no working group or central point of discussion and learning for incorporating EDI into epidemiology teaching in Canada. To address this gap, we convened a workshop entitled "Incorporating EDI into the epidemiology and biostatistics curriculum and classroom." The workshop discussed nine strategies to incorporate EDI in the epidemiology curriculum: positionality (or reflexivity) statements; opportunities for feedback; land acknowledgements; clarifying the purpose of collecting data on race and ethnicity, sex and gender, Indigeneity; acknowledging that race/ethnicity is a social construct, not a biological variable; describing incidence and prevalence of disease; demonstrating explicit bias using directed acyclic graphs (DAGs); critical appraisal of study population diversity; and admission criteria and considerations. Key take-aways from the workshop were the need to be more intentional when determining the validity of evidence, particularly with respect to historical context and the need to recognize that there is no single solution that will address EDI.
流行病学教学人员有义务将公平、多样性和包容性(EDI)原则纳入课程。虽然已有大量与流行病学教学相关的文献,但这些文献很少涉及 EDI 的关键方面。据我们所知,加拿大还没有一个工作组或讨论和学习中心点来将 EDI 纳入流行病学教学。为了填补这一空白,我们召开了题为 "将 EDI 纳入流行病学和生物统计学课程与课堂 "的研讨会。研讨会讨论了将 EDI 纳入流行病学课程的九项策略:立场(或反思性)声明;反馈机会;土地确认;明确收集种族和民族、性别和土著数据的目的;承认种族/民族是一种社会建构,而非生物变量;描述疾病的发病率和流行率;使用有向无环图 (DAG) 展示明确的偏见;对研究人群多样性进行批判性评估;以及录取标准和注意事项。研讨会的主要收获是:在确定证据的有效性时,尤其是在历史背景方面,需要更加用心;需要认识到没有单一的解决方案可以解决电子数据交换问题。
{"title":"Incorporating equity, diversity, and inclusion into the epidemiology and biostatistics curriculum: A workshop report and implementation strategies recommendations.","authors":"Daniel Fuller, Sanja Stanojevic, Gaynor Watson-Creed, Laura Anderson, Natalya Mason, Jennifer Walker","doi":"10.17269/s41997-024-00876-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-024-00876-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is an obligation among those teaching epidemiology to incorporate principles of equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) into the curriculum. While there is a well-established literature related to teaching epidemiology, this literature rarely addresses critical aspects of EDI. To our knowledge, there is no working group or central point of discussion and learning for incorporating EDI into epidemiology teaching in Canada. To address this gap, we convened a workshop entitled \"Incorporating EDI into the epidemiology and biostatistics curriculum and classroom.\" The workshop discussed nine strategies to incorporate EDI in the epidemiology curriculum: positionality (or reflexivity) statements; opportunities for feedback; land acknowledgements; clarifying the purpose of collecting data on race and ethnicity, sex and gender, Indigeneity; acknowledging that race/ethnicity is a social construct, not a biological variable; describing incidence and prevalence of disease; demonstrating explicit bias using directed acyclic graphs (DAGs); critical appraisal of study population diversity; and admission criteria and considerations. Key take-aways from the workshop were the need to be more intentional when determining the validity of evidence, particularly with respect to historical context and the need to recognize that there is no single solution that will address EDI.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140864182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01Epub Date: 2024-02-22DOI: 10.17269/s41997-024-00856-y
Maureen Owino, OmiSoore Dryden, David Este, Josephine Etowa, Winston Husbands, LaRon Nelson, Emmanuela Ojukwu, Eric Peters, Wangari Tharao
Black communities bear a hugely disproportionate share of Canada's HIV epidemic. Black persons annually represent up to one quarter of new diagnoses, while in contrast, diagnoses have been falling among white Canadians for the past two decades. There has been a notable lack of urgency and serious debate about why the trend persists and what to do about it. For too long, public institutions have reproduced hegemonic white supremacy and profoundly mischaracterized Black life. Consequently, Black communities suffer policies and programs that buttress systemic anti-Black racism, socio-economically disenfranchise Black communities, and in the process marginalize knowledgeable, experienced, and creative Black stakeholders. The Interim Committee on HIV among Black Canadian Communities (ICHBCC) is a group of Black researchers, service providers, and community advocates who came together in early 2022 to interject urgency to the HIV crisis facing Black communities. Specifically, the ICHBCC advocates for self-determined community leadership of research, policies, and programs, backed by access to appropriate resources, to change the trajectory of HIV among Black Canadian communities. In this article, we introduce the wider community to the Black HIV Manifesto that we developed in 2022.
{"title":"A Manifesto for transformative action on HIV among Black communities in Canada.","authors":"Maureen Owino, OmiSoore Dryden, David Este, Josephine Etowa, Winston Husbands, LaRon Nelson, Emmanuela Ojukwu, Eric Peters, Wangari Tharao","doi":"10.17269/s41997-024-00856-y","DOIUrl":"10.17269/s41997-024-00856-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Black communities bear a hugely disproportionate share of Canada's HIV epidemic. Black persons annually represent up to one quarter of new diagnoses, while in contrast, diagnoses have been falling among white Canadians for the past two decades. There has been a notable lack of urgency and serious debate about why the trend persists and what to do about it. For too long, public institutions have reproduced hegemonic white supremacy and profoundly mischaracterized Black life. Consequently, Black communities suffer policies and programs that buttress systemic anti-Black racism, socio-economically disenfranchise Black communities, and in the process marginalize knowledgeable, experienced, and creative Black stakeholders. The Interim Committee on HIV among Black Canadian Communities (ICHBCC) is a group of Black researchers, service providers, and community advocates who came together in early 2022 to interject urgency to the HIV crisis facing Black communities. Specifically, the ICHBCC advocates for self-determined community leadership of research, policies, and programs, backed by access to appropriate resources, to change the trajectory of HIV among Black Canadian communities. In this article, we introduce the wider community to the Black HIV Manifesto that we developed in 2022.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11027760/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139934111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01Epub Date: 2024-02-22DOI: 10.17269/s41997-024-00858-w
Elnaz Yazdanbakhsh, Babak Bohlouli, Steven Patterson, Maryam Amin
Objective: This study examined the rate of caries-related dental treatments under general anesthesia (GA) in fluoridated and non-fluoridated communities in Alberta, Canada, between 2010 and 2019.
Methods: This retrospective, population-based study included all children ( 12 years of age) living in Calgary (non-fluoridated) and Edmonton (fluoridated) who underwent caries-related dental treatments under GA at publicly funded facilities. Demographics and dental data were extracted from health administrative databases for three time periods of 2010/11 (pre-cessation), 2014/15, and 2018/19 (post-cessation).
Results: Among 2659 children receiving caries-related treatments under GA, the mean (SD) and median (IQR) age were 4.8 (2.3) and 4 (3-6) years, respectively, and 65% resided in the non-fluoridated area. The analysis revealed that the cessation of water fluoridation was significantly associated with an increased rate of caries-related GA events per 10,000 children in both age groups (0-5 and 6-11 years), with a more pronounced effect in 0-5-year-olds in non-fluoridated areas. The risk of dental treatments under GA was also positively associated with post-cessation time.
Conclusion: Discontinuing water fluoridation appears to negatively affect young children's oral health, potentially leading to a significant increase in caries-related dental treatments under GA and oral health disparities in this pediatric population.
{"title":"Community water fluoride cessation and rate of caries-related pediatric dental treatments under general anesthesia in Alberta, Canada.","authors":"Elnaz Yazdanbakhsh, Babak Bohlouli, Steven Patterson, Maryam Amin","doi":"10.17269/s41997-024-00858-w","DOIUrl":"10.17269/s41997-024-00858-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study examined the rate of caries-related dental treatments under general anesthesia (GA) in fluoridated and non-fluoridated communities in Alberta, Canada, between 2010 and 2019.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective, population-based study included all children ( <math><mo><</mo></math> 12 years of age) living in Calgary (non-fluoridated) and Edmonton (fluoridated) who underwent caries-related dental treatments under GA at publicly funded facilities. Demographics and dental data were extracted from health administrative databases for three time periods of 2010/11 (pre-cessation), 2014/15, and 2018/19 (post-cessation).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 2659 children receiving caries-related treatments under GA, the mean (SD) and median (IQR) age were 4.8 (2.3) and 4 (3-6) years, respectively, and 65% resided in the non-fluoridated area. The analysis revealed that the cessation of water fluoridation was significantly associated with an increased rate of caries-related GA events per 10,000 children in both age groups (0-5 and 6-11 years), with a more pronounced effect in 0-5-year-olds in non-fluoridated areas. The risk of dental treatments under GA was also positively associated with post-cessation time.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Discontinuing water fluoridation appears to negatively affect young children's oral health, potentially leading to a significant increase in caries-related dental treatments under GA and oral health disparities in this pediatric population.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11027763/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139934112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01Epub Date: 2024-03-01DOI: 10.17269/s41997-024-00870-0
Joseph De Koninck, Ashley Nixon, Roger Godbout
Daylight Saving Time (DST) is the practice of setting the clocks one hour forward from Standard Time (ST) in the spring and back again to ST in the fall. This commentary discusses the impact of bi-annual time changes on sleep and circadian rhythms and suggests avenues to minimize negative outcomes on the well-being of Canadian citizens. Ideally, ST should be close to solar time, meaning that daylight is equally distributed before and after noon time, i.e., when the sun is at its highest point in the sky. In Canada, some provinces are proposing to opt out of DST to either return to constant ST throughout the year or to implement permanent DST. National and international associations of clinicians and researchers on sleep and biological rhythms and in health sciences have positioned themselves in favour of permanent ST. In Canada, the Canadian Sleep Society and the Canadian Society for Chronobiology have also issued such a position. This commentary focuses on the implications of previous research findings for sleep and health in Canada given its northern geographical location. It concludes with a research agenda focusing on the Canadian context.
{"title":"The practice of Daylight Saving Time in Canada: Its suitability with respect to sleep and circadian rhythms.","authors":"Joseph De Koninck, Ashley Nixon, Roger Godbout","doi":"10.17269/s41997-024-00870-0","DOIUrl":"10.17269/s41997-024-00870-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Daylight Saving Time (DST) is the practice of setting the clocks one hour forward from Standard Time (ST) in the spring and back again to ST in the fall. This commentary discusses the impact of bi-annual time changes on sleep and circadian rhythms and suggests avenues to minimize negative outcomes on the well-being of Canadian citizens. Ideally, ST should be close to solar time, meaning that daylight is equally distributed before and after noon time, i.e., when the sun is at its highest point in the sky. In Canada, some provinces are proposing to opt out of DST to either return to constant ST throughout the year or to implement permanent DST. National and international associations of clinicians and researchers on sleep and biological rhythms and in health sciences have positioned themselves in favour of permanent ST. In Canada, the Canadian Sleep Society and the Canadian Society for Chronobiology have also issued such a position. This commentary focuses on the implications of previous research findings for sleep and health in Canada given its northern geographical location. It concludes with a research agenda focusing on the Canadian context.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11006628/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139998200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01Epub Date: 2024-02-05DOI: 10.17269/s41997-023-00844-8
Rebecca L Hansford, Hélène Ouellette-Kuntz, Rebecca Griffiths, Julie Hallet, Kathleen Decker, David E Dawe, Mark Kristjanson, Virginie Cobigo, Shahin Shooshtari, Morgan Stirling, Christine Kelly, Marni Brownell, Donna Turner, Alyson Mahar
Objectives: Cancer is a leading cause of death among people living with intellectual or developmental disabilities (IDD). There is little empirical evidence documenting survival or comparing outcomes to those without IDD. This study investigated the association between IDD and cancer survival among adults with breast (female), colorectal, or lung cancer.
Methods: A population-based retrospective cohort study was conducted in Ontario, Canada, with routinely collected data. Patients with breast, colorectal, or lung cancer were included (2007‒2019). IDD status before cancer was determined using an established administrative data algorithm. The outcomes of interest included death from any cause and death from cancer. Cox proportional hazards models and competing events analyses using multivariable cause-specific hazards regression were completed. Analyses were stratified by cancer type. Interactions with age, sex, and stage at diagnosis, as well as sensitivity analyses, were completed.
Results: The final cohorts included 123,695 breast, 98,809 colorectal, and 116,232 lung cancer patients. Individuals with IDD experienced significantly worse survival than those without IDD. The adjusted hazard ratios of all-cause death were 2.74 (95% CI 2.41‒3.12), 2.42 (95% CI 2.18‒2.68), and 1.49 (95% CI 1.34‒1.66) times higher for breast, colorectal, and lung cancer patients with IDD relative to those without. These findings were consistent for cancer-specific deaths. With few exceptions, worse survival for people with IDD persisted regardless of stage at diagnosis.
Conclusion: People with IDD experienced worse cancer survival than those without IDD. Identifying and intervening on the factors and structures responsible for survival disparities is imperative.
目标:癌症是智力或发育障碍(IDD)患者的主要死因。目前几乎没有实证证据可以证明其存活率或与非 IDD 患者的结果进行比较。本研究调查了患有乳腺癌(女性)、结肠直肠癌或肺癌的成年人中 IDD 与癌症存活率之间的关系:方法:在加拿大安大略省进行了一项基于人群的回顾性队列研究,研究使用了常规收集的数据。研究纳入了乳腺癌、结肠直肠癌或肺癌患者(2007-2019 年)。癌症前的 IDD 状态是通过既定的行政数据算法确定的。相关结果包括任何原因导致的死亡和癌症导致的死亡。利用多变量病因特异性危险回归完成了 Cox 比例危险模型和竞争事件分析。分析按癌症类型进行分层。还完成了与年龄、性别和诊断分期的交互作用以及敏感性分析:最终的队列包括 123,695 名乳腺癌患者、98,809 名结直肠癌患者和 116,232 名肺癌患者。IDD患者的生存率明显低于非IDD患者。患有 IDD 的乳腺癌、结直肠癌和肺癌患者的全因死亡调整危险比分别为 2.74(95% CI 2.41-3.12)、2.42(95% CI 2.18-2.68)和 1.49(95% CI 1.34-1.66)倍。这些发现与癌症特异性死亡的情况一致。除少数例外情况外,无论诊断时处于哪个阶段,IDD患者的生存率都较低:结论:IDD患者的癌症生存率低于非IDD患者。当务之急是找出并干预造成生存率差异的因素和结构。
{"title":"Breast (female), colorectal, and lung cancer survival in people with intellectual or developmental disabilities: A population-based retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Rebecca L Hansford, Hélène Ouellette-Kuntz, Rebecca Griffiths, Julie Hallet, Kathleen Decker, David E Dawe, Mark Kristjanson, Virginie Cobigo, Shahin Shooshtari, Morgan Stirling, Christine Kelly, Marni Brownell, Donna Turner, Alyson Mahar","doi":"10.17269/s41997-023-00844-8","DOIUrl":"10.17269/s41997-023-00844-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Cancer is a leading cause of death among people living with intellectual or developmental disabilities (IDD). There is little empirical evidence documenting survival or comparing outcomes to those without IDD. This study investigated the association between IDD and cancer survival among adults with breast (female), colorectal, or lung cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A population-based retrospective cohort study was conducted in Ontario, Canada, with routinely collected data. Patients with breast, colorectal, or lung cancer were included (2007‒2019). IDD status before cancer was determined using an established administrative data algorithm. The outcomes of interest included death from any cause and death from cancer. Cox proportional hazards models and competing events analyses using multivariable cause-specific hazards regression were completed. Analyses were stratified by cancer type. Interactions with age, sex, and stage at diagnosis, as well as sensitivity analyses, were completed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The final cohorts included 123,695 breast, 98,809 colorectal, and 116,232 lung cancer patients. Individuals with IDD experienced significantly worse survival than those without IDD. The adjusted hazard ratios of all-cause death were 2.74 (95% CI 2.41‒3.12), 2.42 (95% CI 2.18‒2.68), and 1.49 (95% CI 1.34‒1.66) times higher for breast, colorectal, and lung cancer patients with IDD relative to those without. These findings were consistent for cancer-specific deaths. With few exceptions, worse survival for people with IDD persisted regardless of stage at diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>People with IDD experienced worse cancer survival than those without IDD. Identifying and intervening on the factors and structures responsible for survival disparities is imperative.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11027730/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139693531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01Epub Date: 2024-03-13DOI: 10.17269/s41997-024-00872-y
Evelyne de Leeuw, Ilona Kickbusch, Simon R Rüegg
The One Health concept has acquired increasing attention due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We argue for a health promotion perspective that frames One Health in terms of positive health for people, animals, and ecosystems and includes a spiritual-cosmological dimension. This would enhance policy, research, and practice across disciplines and sectors for a more resilient and harmonious planet.
{"title":"A health promotion perspective on One Health.","authors":"Evelyne de Leeuw, Ilona Kickbusch, Simon R Rüegg","doi":"10.17269/s41997-024-00872-y","DOIUrl":"10.17269/s41997-024-00872-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The One Health concept has acquired increasing attention due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We argue for a health promotion perspective that frames One Health in terms of positive health for people, animals, and ecosystems and includes a spiritual-cosmological dimension. This would enhance policy, research, and practice across disciplines and sectors for a more resilient and harmonious planet.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11006651/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140121362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01Epub Date: 2024-01-26DOI: 10.17269/s41997-023-00835-9
Stephanie A Prince, Justin J Lang, Marisol Betancourt, Stephanie Toigo, Karen C Roberts
Objectives: High levels of sedentary time (ST) are associated with poor physical and mental health. Given that Canadians spend a large portion of their days at school and work, they may be important targets for reducing ST. Our objectives are to estimate the daily amount of school and work ST among Canadians, examine differences by subgroups, and determine associations with health.
Methods: Using the 2020 Canadian Community Health Survey Healthy Living Rapid Response module (N = 5242), the amount of time spent sitting while at school and work was estimated among youth (12-17 years) and adults (18-34 and 35-64 years). Differences by sociodemographics and 24-Hour Movement Guideline adherence were assessed with independent t-tests. Associations between school and work ST and health indicators were assessed using adjusted logistic regression.
Results: Canadian youth aged 12-17 years and adults aged 18-34 years reported an average of 4.5 and 5.2 h/day of school ST, respectively. Adults 18-34 years and 35-64 years reported an average of 3.9 and 4.0 h/day of work ST, respectively. School and work ST differed within several subgroups. Among adults 18-34 years, higher school ST was associated with a reduced odds of 'excellent/very good' mental health, whereas higher work ST was associated with a greater likelihood of reporting 'excellent/very good' general health.
Conclusion: Canadian youth and working-age adults report an average of 4-5 h/day sedentary at school or work. This is the first study estimating school and work ST in a representative sample of Canadians and will aid in increasing awareness of setting-specific behaviours to better inform targeted interventions including addressing inequalities in ST.
目的:久坐不动(ST)与身心健康状况不佳有关。鉴于加拿大人每天大部分时间都在学校和工作,他们可能是减少久坐时间的重要目标。我们的目标是估算加拿大人每天在学校和工作场所的静止时间,研究不同亚群体的差异,并确定与健康的关系:方法:利用 2020 年加拿大社区健康调查健康生活快速反应模块(N = 5242),估算了青少年(12-17 岁)和成年人(18-34 岁和 35-64 岁)上学和上班时的坐姿时间。通过独立 t 检验评估了社会人口统计学和《24 小时运动指南》遵守情况的差异。使用调整后的逻辑回归评估了学校和工作时间与健康指标之间的关联:结果:12-17 岁的加拿大青少年和 18-34 岁的成年人平均每天在校运动时间分别为 4.5 小时和 5.2 小时。18-34 岁和 35-64 岁的成年人平均每天工作时间分别为 3.9 小时和 4.0 小时。在几个亚群中,学校和工作 ST 有所不同。在 18-34 岁的成年人中,学校 ST 越高,心理健康 "优秀/非常好 "的几率就越低,而工作 ST 越高,报告总体健康 "优秀/非常好 "的可能性就越大:结论:加拿大青少年和工作年龄的成年人平均每天有 4-5 小时在学校或工作场所久坐不动。这是首次对具有代表性的加拿大人样本中的学校和工作久坐时间进行估算的研究,将有助于提高人们对特定环境行为的认识,从而更好地采取有针对性的干预措施,包括解决久坐时间不平等的问题。
{"title":"Sedentary time at school and work in Canada.","authors":"Stephanie A Prince, Justin J Lang, Marisol Betancourt, Stephanie Toigo, Karen C Roberts","doi":"10.17269/s41997-023-00835-9","DOIUrl":"10.17269/s41997-023-00835-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>High levels of sedentary time (ST) are associated with poor physical and mental health. Given that Canadians spend a large portion of their days at school and work, they may be important targets for reducing ST. Our objectives are to estimate the daily amount of school and work ST among Canadians, examine differences by subgroups, and determine associations with health.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using the 2020 Canadian Community Health Survey Healthy Living Rapid Response module (N = 5242), the amount of time spent sitting while at school and work was estimated among youth (12-17 years) and adults (18-34 and 35-64 years). Differences by sociodemographics and 24-Hour Movement Guideline adherence were assessed with independent t-tests. Associations between school and work ST and health indicators were assessed using adjusted logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Canadian youth aged 12-17 years and adults aged 18-34 years reported an average of 4.5 and 5.2 h/day of school ST, respectively. Adults 18-34 years and 35-64 years reported an average of 3.9 and 4.0 h/day of work ST, respectively. School and work ST differed within several subgroups. Among adults 18-34 years, higher school ST was associated with a reduced odds of 'excellent/very good' mental health, whereas higher work ST was associated with a greater likelihood of reporting 'excellent/very good' general health.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Canadian youth and working-age adults report an average of 4-5 h/day sedentary at school or work. This is the first study estimating school and work ST in a representative sample of Canadians and will aid in increasing awareness of setting-specific behaviours to better inform targeted interventions including addressing inequalities in ST.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11006642/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139565195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01Epub Date: 2024-01-08DOI: 10.17269/s41997-023-00836-8
Noel Tsui, Sarah A Edwards, Abigail J Simms, Keith D King, Graham Mecredy
Objective: The study objective is to measure the influence of psychological antecedents of vaccination on COVID-19 vaccine intention among citizens of the Métis Nation of Ontario (MNO).
Methods: A population-based online survey was implemented by the MNO when COVID-19 vaccines were approved in Canada. Questions included vaccine intention, the short version of the "5C" psychological antecedents of vaccination scale (confidence, complacency, constraint, calculation, collective responsibility), and socio-demographics. Census sampling via the MNO Registry was used achieving a 39% response rate. Descriptive statistics, bivariate analyses, and multinomial logistic regression models (adjusted for sociodemographic variables) were used to analyze the survey data.
Results: The majority of MNO citizens (70.2%) planned to be vaccinated. As compared with vaccine-hesitant individuals, respondents with vaccine intention were more confident in the safety of COVID-19 vaccines, believed that COVID-19 is severe, were willing to protect others from getting COVID-19, and would research the vaccines (Confident OR = 19.4, 95% CI 15.5-24.2; Complacency OR = 6.21, 95% CI 5.38-7.18; Collective responsibility OR = 9.83, 95% CI 8.24-11.72; Calculation OR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.28-1.59). Finally, respondents with vaccine intention were less likely to let everyday stress prevent them from getting COVID-19 vaccines (OR = 0.47, 95% CI 0.42-0.53) compared to vaccine-hesitant individuals.
Conclusion: This research contributes to the knowledge base for Métis health and supported the MNO's information sharing and educational activities during the COVID-19 vaccines rollout. Future research will examine the relationship between the 5Cs and actual uptake of COVID-19 vaccines among MNO citizens.
研究目的研究目的是测量安大略省梅蒂斯民族(MNO)公民接种疫苗的心理先决条件对 COVID-19 疫苗接种意向的影响:方法:当 COVID-19 疫苗在加拿大获得批准时,安大略省梅蒂斯部落 (MNO) 实施了一项基于人群的在线调查。调查问题包括疫苗接种意向、"5C "疫苗接种心理诱因量表简版(信心、自满、约束、计算、集体责任)以及社会人口统计。通过 MNO 登记处进行的普查抽样取得了 39% 的回复率。调查数据采用了描述性统计、二元分析和多项式逻辑回归模型(根据社会人口变量进行调整)进行分析:结果:大多数移动网络用户(70.2%)计划接种疫苗。与不愿意接种疫苗的人相比,有疫苗接种意向的受访者对 COVID-19 疫苗的安全性更有信心,认为 COVID-19 疫苗是严重的,愿意保护他人免受 COVID-19 感染,并会对疫苗进行研究(信心 OR = 19.4,95% CI 15.5-24.2;自满 OR = 6.21,95% CI 5.38-7.18;集体责任 OR = 9.83,95% CI 8.24-11.72;计算 OR = 1.43,95% CI 1.28-1.59)。最后,与不愿意接种疫苗的人相比,有接种疫苗意向的受访者不太可能因为日常压力而不接种 COVID-19 疫苗(OR = 0.47,95% CI 0.42-0.53):这项研究为梅蒂斯人的健康知识库做出了贡献,并支持了梅蒂斯人网络在 COVID-19 疫苗推广期间的信息共享和教育活动。未来的研究将探讨 5C 与梅蒂斯人社区网络公民实际接种 COVID-19 疫苗之间的关系。
{"title":"COVID-19 vaccination intention and vaccine hesitancy among citizens of the Métis Nation of Ontario.","authors":"Noel Tsui, Sarah A Edwards, Abigail J Simms, Keith D King, Graham Mecredy","doi":"10.17269/s41997-023-00836-8","DOIUrl":"10.17269/s41997-023-00836-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study objective is to measure the influence of psychological antecedents of vaccination on COVID-19 vaccine intention among citizens of the Métis Nation of Ontario (MNO).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A population-based online survey was implemented by the MNO when COVID-19 vaccines were approved in Canada. Questions included vaccine intention, the short version of the \"5C\" psychological antecedents of vaccination scale (confidence, complacency, constraint, calculation, collective responsibility), and socio-demographics. Census sampling via the MNO Registry was used achieving a 39% response rate. Descriptive statistics, bivariate analyses, and multinomial logistic regression models (adjusted for sociodemographic variables) were used to analyze the survey data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The majority of MNO citizens (70.2%) planned to be vaccinated. As compared with vaccine-hesitant individuals, respondents with vaccine intention were more confident in the safety of COVID-19 vaccines, believed that COVID-19 is severe, were willing to protect others from getting COVID-19, and would research the vaccines (Confident OR = 19.4, 95% CI 15.5-24.2; Complacency OR = 6.21, 95% CI 5.38-7.18; Collective responsibility OR = 9.83, 95% CI 8.24-11.72; Calculation OR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.28-1.59). Finally, respondents with vaccine intention were less likely to let everyday stress prevent them from getting COVID-19 vaccines (OR = 0.47, 95% CI 0.42-0.53) compared to vaccine-hesitant individuals.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This research contributes to the knowledge base for Métis health and supported the MNO's information sharing and educational activities during the COVID-19 vaccines rollout. Future research will examine the relationship between the 5Cs and actual uptake of COVID-19 vaccines among MNO citizens.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11006635/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139378795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01Epub Date: 2023-12-29DOI: 10.17269/s41997-023-00842-w
Etran Bouchouar, Marissa J Levine, Samuel Ileka-Priouzeau, Sailly Dave, Allan Fu, Jason L Salemi
Objectives: This study aimed to apply a systems thinking approach to explore factors influencing the detection of emerging drug trends in Canada's provinces and territories to better understand how the local context can influence the design and performance of a pan-Canadian (i.e., national) substance use early warning system (EWS). This study also presents a set of actionable recommendations arising from the results. METHODOLOGY AND METHODS: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 purposively recruited Medical Officers of Health and epidemiologists from across Canada working in the field of substance use. Thematic and social network analysis guided by the socio-technical systems framework were subsequently employed.
Results: Barriers and facilitators for detecting emerging drug trends in provinces and territories are a product of the collective linkages and interactions between social (objectives, people, culture), technical (tools, practices, infrastructure), and external environmental (financial, regulatory frameworks, stakeholders) factors. Shortcomings in several of these areas shaped the system's behaviour and together contributed to fragmented operations that lacked strategic focus, poorly designed cross-sector partnerships, and unactionable information outputs. Participants' experiences shaped perceptions of a national substance use EWS, with some voicing potential opportunities and others expressing doubts about its effectiveness.
Conclusion: This study highlights interconnected social, technical, and external environmental considerations for the design and implementation of a national substance use EWS in Canada. It also demonstrates the value of using the socio-technical systems framework to understand a complex public health surveillance issue and how it can be used to inform a path forward.
{"title":"Exploring challenges and opportunities in detecting emerging drug trends: A socio-technical analysis of the Canadian context.","authors":"Etran Bouchouar, Marissa J Levine, Samuel Ileka-Priouzeau, Sailly Dave, Allan Fu, Jason L Salemi","doi":"10.17269/s41997-023-00842-w","DOIUrl":"10.17269/s41997-023-00842-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to apply a systems thinking approach to explore factors influencing the detection of emerging drug trends in Canada's provinces and territories to better understand how the local context can influence the design and performance of a pan-Canadian (i.e., national) substance use early warning system (EWS). This study also presents a set of actionable recommendations arising from the results. METHODOLOGY AND METHODS: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 purposively recruited Medical Officers of Health and epidemiologists from across Canada working in the field of substance use. Thematic and social network analysis guided by the socio-technical systems framework were subsequently employed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Barriers and facilitators for detecting emerging drug trends in provinces and territories are a product of the collective linkages and interactions between social (objectives, people, culture), technical (tools, practices, infrastructure), and external environmental (financial, regulatory frameworks, stakeholders) factors. Shortcomings in several of these areas shaped the system's behaviour and together contributed to fragmented operations that lacked strategic focus, poorly designed cross-sector partnerships, and unactionable information outputs. Participants' experiences shaped perceptions of a national substance use EWS, with some voicing potential opportunities and others expressing doubts about its effectiveness.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights interconnected social, technical, and external environmental considerations for the design and implementation of a national substance use EWS in Canada. It also demonstrates the value of using the socio-technical systems framework to understand a complex public health surveillance issue and how it can be used to inform a path forward.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11006646/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139075767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01Epub Date: 2024-02-23DOI: 10.17269/s41997-024-00862-0
Léa J Séguin, Emmanuelle Gareau, Morag Bosom
Objectives: Young adults are disproportionately affected by sexually transmitted and blood-borne infections (STBBIs), and rates of STBBI screening in this population are persistently low. The present study examined the effectiveness of Club Sexu's social marketing campaign, DépistaFest, in increasing STBBI screening, screening intentions, and general STBBI and STBBI screening knowledge among young adults in Quebec, Canada. Grounded in the health belief model, the campaign provided practical and scientifically accurate information on STBBIs and screening using an inclusive, positive, and playful approach.
Methods: A sample of 686 participants (M = 28.0 years old) was recruited through Club Sexu's social media to complete an online survey assessing campaign exposure, recent STBBI screening, screening intentions, and general STBBI and screening knowledge. Logistic regressions and ANCOVAs were performed to examine group differences on outcome variables.
Results: Compared to nonexposed participants, those who were exposed to the campaign were 2.11 times more likely to report having been tested in the past 6 months, and 2.07 times more likely to report planning to get tested in the next 6 months. Exposed participants were also more likely to correctly answer general STBBI knowledge questions and reported higher levels of self-perceived STBBI screening knowledge than nonexposed participants.
Conclusion: The findings support the effectiveness of an STBBI prevention campaign grounded in the health belief model. Future STBBI prevention campaigns aimed at young adults would benefit from destigmatizing STBBIs and normalizing STBBI screening using an inclusive, positive, and playful approach.
{"title":"DépistaFest: The evaluation of an inclusive, positive, and playful STBBI screening campaign's effectiveness.","authors":"Léa J Séguin, Emmanuelle Gareau, Morag Bosom","doi":"10.17269/s41997-024-00862-0","DOIUrl":"10.17269/s41997-024-00862-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Young adults are disproportionately affected by sexually transmitted and blood-borne infections (STBBIs), and rates of STBBI screening in this population are persistently low. The present study examined the effectiveness of Club Sexu's social marketing campaign, DépistaFest, in increasing STBBI screening, screening intentions, and general STBBI and STBBI screening knowledge among young adults in Quebec, Canada. Grounded in the health belief model, the campaign provided practical and scientifically accurate information on STBBIs and screening using an inclusive, positive, and playful approach.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A sample of 686 participants (M = 28.0 years old) was recruited through Club Sexu's social media to complete an online survey assessing campaign exposure, recent STBBI screening, screening intentions, and general STBBI and screening knowledge. Logistic regressions and ANCOVAs were performed to examine group differences on outcome variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to nonexposed participants, those who were exposed to the campaign were 2.11 times more likely to report having been tested in the past 6 months, and 2.07 times more likely to report planning to get tested in the next 6 months. Exposed participants were also more likely to correctly answer general STBBI knowledge questions and reported higher levels of self-perceived STBBI screening knowledge than nonexposed participants.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings support the effectiveness of an STBBI prevention campaign grounded in the health belief model. Future STBBI prevention campaigns aimed at young adults would benefit from destigmatizing STBBIs and normalizing STBBI screening using an inclusive, positive, and playful approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11027723/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139934113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}