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Community-academic partnerships catalyze and sustain impact in research activities: A commentary. 社区-学术伙伴关系促进并维持研究活动的影响力:评论。
IF 2.9 4区 医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-19 DOI: 10.17269/s41997-024-00894-6
Sujane Kandasamy, Taylor Rowe, Matthew Y W Kwan

This commentary explores the position that community-academic partnerships (CAPs) can guide collaborative, equitable, and innovative research activities, enhancing knowledge mobilization and overall research impact. We use an example within behavioural sciences (with the broader goal of improving physical literacy development and physical activity for newcomer children and youth) to apply key practices that build bidirectional and trustworthy relationships between researchers, practitioners, and policy-makers, ultimately leading to equity-centered outputs. We report on our experiences both narratively and in video format by interweaving the perspectives of diverse and multi-sectoral team members and describing efforts to continue to engage and drive the momentum of research network activities.

本评论探讨了社区-学术合作伙伴关系(CAPs)可以指导合作、公平和创新的研究活动,加强知识动员和整体研究影响的立场。我们通过行为科学领域的一个例子(其更广泛的目标是改善新移民儿童和青少年的体育素养发展和体育活动)来应用关键实践,在研究人员、从业人员和政策制定者之间建立双向和值得信赖的关系,最终实现以公平为中心的产出。我们以叙述和视频的形式报告了我们的经验,交织了不同和多部门团队成员的观点,并介绍了为继续参与和推动研究网络活动势头所做的努力。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring the cross-sectional association between the strength of school vaping policies and student vaping behaviours using data from the 2021-2022 COMPASS Study. 利用 2021-2022 年 COMPASS 研究的数据,探索学校吸烟政策的力度与学生吸烟行为之间的横向联系。
IF 2.9 4区 医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-07-29 DOI: 10.17269/s41997-024-00919-0
Erin Kostuch, Richard Bélanger, Scott T Leatherdale, Adam G Cole

Objectives: Youth vaping is a concern in Canada. While school-level policies influence student behaviours, few studies have investigated the association between school vaping policies and student vaping. This study reviewed and scored the comprehensiveness of school vaping policies and investigated the association between school vaping policy scores and student vaping.

Methods: Online policy documents from n = 39 schools in Ontario, Alberta, and British Columbia, Canada, participating in the 2021-2022 wave of the COMPASS study were collected, reviewed, and scored for comprehensiveness (/39) using the School Tobacco Policy Index (STPI) rating form. The mean and range of scores for each domain of the STPI were calculated. School policy scores were linked to student vaping data from the COMPASS study. Multilevel logistic regression analyses identified the association between school vaping policy score and student lifetime and current (past 30-day) vaping.

Results: The mean total policy score was 10.2/39 (range 0‒24), and 28% of schools scored 0/39. The majority of school policies did not identify enforcement approaches or available preventive or cessation resources. Increasing STPI score was not associated with the odds of student lifetime or current vaping in multilevel logistic regression analyses.

Conclusion: The STPI quickly identified components of school vaping policies that were missing. The overall score of most school vaping policies in our sample was low and most school vaping policies lacked many important components. Future studies should explore factors associated with adolescent vaping and identify effective prevention measures.

目标:在加拿大,青少年吸烟是一个令人担忧的问题。虽然学校层面的政策会影响学生的行为,但很少有研究调查学校的吸烟政策与学生吸烟之间的关联。本研究对学校的吸食大麻政策的全面性进行了审查和评分,并调查了学校吸食大麻政策评分与学生吸食大麻之间的关联:收集、审查了加拿大安大略省、阿尔伯塔省和不列颠哥伦比亚省参与 2021-2022 年 COMPASS 研究的 n = 39 所学校的在线政策文件,并使用学校烟草政策指数(STPI)评分表对其全面性(/39)进行了评分。计算出 STPI 各领域的平均分和得分范围。学校政策评分与 COMPASS 研究中的学生吸烟数据相关联。多层次逻辑回归分析确定了学校吸烟政策得分与学生终生吸烟和当前(过去30天)吸烟之间的关联:政策总分的平均值为 10.2/39(范围为 0-24),28% 的学校得分为 0/39。大多数学校的政策没有确定执行方法或可用的预防或戒烟资源。在多层次逻辑回归分析中,STPI得分的增加与学生终生或当前吸烟的几率无关:STPI很快就发现了学校吸烟政策中缺失的部分。在我们的样本中,大多数学校吸烟政策的总体得分较低,而且大多数学校吸烟政策缺乏许多重要的组成部分。未来的研究应探索与青少年吸食毒品相关的因素,并确定有效的预防措施。
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引用次数: 0
Opioid-related deaths in Northern Ontario in the early COVID-19 pandemic period. COVID-19 大流行初期安大略省北部与阿片类药物相关的死亡人数。
IF 2.9 4区 医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-07-29 DOI: 10.17269/s41997-024-00906-5
Alexandra Nunn, Amanda M Perri, Hilary Gordon, John P D Harding, C K Jennifer Loo, John Tuinema

Objectives: In the first year of pandemic measures, opioid-related deaths across Ontario's (ON) 34 public health units (PHUs) increased by 60%. Death rates for all seven Northern ON PHUs were above the provincial average. This study describes and compares factors surrounding opioid-related deaths before and after pandemic measures were introduced, for Northern ON compared to the rest of ON.

Methods: Aggregate data were provided for Northern ON and the rest of the province by the Office of the Chief Coroner/Ontario Forensic Pathology Services. Opioid-related deaths were cohorted by date of death for the year before and after pandemic measures were introduced on March 16, 2020. Chi-square tests were used to compare between cohorts and geographies to determine significant differences for each variable, and for dichotomized levels within variables. P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant a priori.

Results: In Northern ON, the number of opioid-related deaths approximately doubled from the pre-pandemic cohort (n = 185) to the early pandemic cohort (n = 365). Compared to the rest of ON, higher proportions of deaths occurred in Northern ON among individuals who lived and died in private residences, among women (although the majority of decedents were male) and among individuals employed in mining, quarrying, and oil and gas industries. Compared to the pre-pandemic year, in Northern ON, higher proportions of opioid-related deaths involved fentanyl and stimulants as direct contributors, and the majority involved evidence of inhaled drugs.

Conclusion: Differences between the circumstances of death in Northern ON and in the rest of ON suggest opportunities to tailor interventions.

目标:在采取大流行措施的第一年,安大略省 34 个公共卫生单位中与阿片类药物相关的死亡人数增加了 60%。安大略省北部所有七个公共卫生单位的死亡率均高于全省平均水平。本研究描述并比较了安大略省北部与安大略省其他地区相比,在引入大流行措施前后与阿片类药物相关死亡的因素:安大略省首席验尸官办公室/安大略省法医病理服务部提供了安大略省北部和该省其他地区的汇总数据。在大流行措施于2020年3月16日开始实施的前后一年,按死亡日期对阿片类药物相关死亡病例进行了分类。使用卡方检验比较不同组群和地域之间的差异,以确定每个变量以及变量内二分法水平的显著差异。P 值结果:在安大略省北部,与阿片类药物相关的死亡人数从大流行前队列(n = 185)到大流行早期队列(n = 365)大约翻了一番。与安大略省其他地区相比,安大略省北部在私人住宅居住和死亡的人员、女性(尽管大多数死者为男性)以及受雇于采矿、采石、石油和天然气行业的人员中的死亡比例较高。与流行前相比,在安大略省北部,与阿片类药物相关的死亡中,芬太尼和兴奋剂作为直接诱因所占比例较高,而且大多数都有吸入药物的证据:结论:安大略省北部与安大略省其他地区的死亡情况存在差异,这为有针对性地采取干预措施提供了机会。
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引用次数: 0
Incidence of SARS-CoV-2 during the Omicron wave: Results of a longitudinal serosurvey in Québec, Canada. Omicron 浪潮期间 SARS-CoV-2 的发病率:加拿大魁北克省血清纵向调查的结果。
IF 2.9 4区 医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.17269/s41997-024-00918-1
Antoine Lewin, Marc Germain, Renée Bazin, Yves Grégoire, Gaston De Serres, Christian Renaud

Objectives: Conventional serological approaches lack sensitivity for the detection of recent SARS-CoV-2 infections in vaccinated individuals, as these individuals exhibit a blunted anti-nucleocapsid (N) response. This limitation was recently addressed by the development of a "ratio-based approach", which compares longitudinally collected specimens. Here, we used this approach to estimate the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and reinfection in Québec (Canada) during the Omicron wave.

Methods: Consenting plasma donors were included if they donated plasma before December 15, 2021 and during six consecutive periods of ~ 3 months between December 15, 2021 and July 7, 2023 (study period). Anti-N levels were measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and seroconversion was characterized by a ratio of ≥ 1.5 between the optical density of two consecutive samples.

Results: Among the 254 donors, the adjusted proportion of donors (95% confidence interval [CI]) with a new infection ranged between 18.1% (13.2‒23.0) and 24.2% (18.8‒29.7) over Periods 1-5 and fell to 7.9% (4.9‒11.0) during Period 6. During the study period, the proportion of newly infected donors decreased among those aged < 60 (Period 1 = 31.6%, Period 5 = 4.4%), but increased among those aged ≥ 70 (Period 1 = 0.3%, Period 6 = 10.3%). Throughout the study period, 72 (28.3%) reinfections occurred, including two seroconversion events in a single donor. Overall, 87.4% (95% CI = 82.7‒91.2) were infected by SARS-CoV-2 at least once during the study period.

Conclusion: The vast majority of the Québec population may have been infected during the Omicron wave. This longitudinal survey demonstrates the usefulness of the "ratio-based approach" for identifying both new infections and reinfections in a vaccinated population.

目的:传统的血清学方法对检测疫苗接种者近期是否感染 SARS-CoV-2 缺乏灵敏度,因为这些接种者的抗核头壳(N)反应较弱。最近,一种 "基于比率的方法 "的开发解决了这一局限性,该方法对纵向采集的标本进行比较。在此,我们使用这种方法估算了加拿大魁北克省在 Omicron 浪潮期间 SARS-CoV-2 感染和再感染的发生率:方法:在 2021 年 12 月 15 日之前以及 2021 年 12 月 15 日至 2023 年 7 月 7 日(研究期间)之间连续 6 个月内捐献血浆的捐献者均被纳入研究范围。抗 N 水平用酶联免疫吸附测定法测定,血清转换的特征是两个连续样本的光密度比值≥ 1.5:在 254 名捐献者中,新感染者的调整比例(95% 置信区间 [CI])在 1-5 期为 18.1%(13.2-23.0)和 24.2%(18.8-29.7)之间,在第 6 期降至 7.9%(4.9-11.0)。在研究期间,新感染的捐献者比例在年龄为结论的捐献者中有所下降:魁北克省的绝大多数人口都可能在 Omicron 波期间受到感染。这项纵向调查证明了 "基于比率的方法 "在确定疫苗接种人群中的新感染和再感染方面的实用性。
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引用次数: 0
Spatial patterns of Mental Health Act apprehensions in Toronto, Canada, 2014-2022. 2014-2022 年加拿大多伦多《精神健康法案》逮捕的空间模式。
IF 2.9 4区 医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.17269/s41997-024-00912-7
Amber Gillespie, Jillian Stringer, Olaf Berke

Objectives: This research examines the temporal rates and spatial patterns of police-involved Mental Health Act (MHA) apprehensions in Toronto, Canada, from 2014 to 2022. Building from the work of Toronto Police Services (TPS), the goal of this research is to deepen our understanding of MHA apprehensions and provide insights which may be used to guide local mental health reform efforts.

Methods: Using data collected by TPS, an exploratory, descriptive analysis of spatial patterns of MHA apprehension events between 2014 and 2022 at the neighbourhood level was conducted. To identify high-rate clusters, we used a discrete Poisson model in SaTScan, with a circular moving window. Primary and secondary clusters with a relative risk of 1.5 or greater are reported.

Results: From 2014 to 2022, 93,932 MHA apprehensions occurred in Toronto. Apprehension rates were found to vary substantially between neighbourhoods, with approximately 91% of Toronto's 140 neighbourhoods experiencing a net positive increase in rates during the study period after adjusting for population growth. Repeated spatial cluster analysis for each year revealed a range of 4 to 7 clusters annually, with the downtown core consistently emerging as an area of elevated risk (RR range 1.58-1.99).

Conclusion: Rising MHA apprehensions within Toronto highlight the pressing need to confront the city's intensifying mental health needs. These findings offer valuable insights into the patterns and nature of police-involved MHA apprehensions, outline reproducible analysis methods that can be used by others, and support targeted evaluation, expansion, and implementation of downstream initiatives to improve mental health responses.

研究目的本研究探讨了从 2014 年到 2022 年加拿大多伦多由警方参与的《精神健康法案》(MHA)逮捕的时间比率和空间模式。在多伦多警察局(TPS)工作的基础上,本研究的目标是加深我们对《精神健康法》逮捕情况的了解,并提供可用于指导当地精神健康改革工作的见解:利用多伦多警察局收集的数据,对 2014 年至 2022 年间在社区层面发生的精神健康问题逮捕事件的空间模式进行了探索性描述分析。为了识别高发集群,我们在 SaTScan 中使用了离散泊松模型,并设置了一个圆形移动窗口。报告了相对风险为 1.5 或更高的一级和二级群组:从 2014 年到 2022 年,多伦多共发生 93,932 起 MHA 逮捕事件。研究发现,不同街区的逮捕率差异很大,在研究期间,多伦多 140 个街区中约有 91% 的街区在调整人口增长因素后,逮捕率出现了净正增长。每年重复进行的空间聚类分析显示,每年有 4 到 7 个聚类,市中心核心区一直是风险较高的地区(RR 范围为 1.58-1.99):结论:多伦多市内不断上升的精神健康风险凸显了应对该市日益增长的精神健康需求的迫切性。这些研究结果为了解警方介入的精神健康问题逮捕的模式和性质提供了有价值的见解,概述了可供他人使用的可重复的分析方法,并支持有针对性的评估、扩展和实施下游措施,以改善精神健康应对措施。
{"title":"Spatial patterns of Mental Health Act apprehensions in Toronto, Canada, 2014-2022.","authors":"Amber Gillespie, Jillian Stringer, Olaf Berke","doi":"10.17269/s41997-024-00912-7","DOIUrl":"10.17269/s41997-024-00912-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This research examines the temporal rates and spatial patterns of police-involved Mental Health Act (MHA) apprehensions in Toronto, Canada, from 2014 to 2022. Building from the work of Toronto Police Services (TPS), the goal of this research is to deepen our understanding of MHA apprehensions and provide insights which may be used to guide local mental health reform efforts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using data collected by TPS, an exploratory, descriptive analysis of spatial patterns of MHA apprehension events between 2014 and 2022 at the neighbourhood level was conducted. To identify high-rate clusters, we used a discrete Poisson model in SaTScan, with a circular moving window. Primary and secondary clusters with a relative risk of 1.5 or greater are reported.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 2014 to 2022, 93,932 MHA apprehensions occurred in Toronto. Apprehension rates were found to vary substantially between neighbourhoods, with approximately 91% of Toronto's 140 neighbourhoods experiencing a net positive increase in rates during the study period after adjusting for population growth. Repeated spatial cluster analysis for each year revealed a range of 4 to 7 clusters annually, with the downtown core consistently emerging as an area of elevated risk (RR range 1.58-1.99).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Rising MHA apprehensions within Toronto highlight the pressing need to confront the city's intensifying mental health needs. These findings offer valuable insights into the patterns and nature of police-involved MHA apprehensions, outline reproducible analysis methods that can be used by others, and support targeted evaluation, expansion, and implementation of downstream initiatives to improve mental health responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141767946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Gaining influence: Developing a Healthy Public Policy Unit at Vancouver Coastal Health. 获得影响力:在温哥华沿岸卫生局建立健康公共政策部门。
IF 2.9 4区 医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.17269/s41997-024-00921-6
Wes Regan, Melinda Markey, Juan Solorzano, Mark Lysyshyn

Setting: Regional Public Health Unit (Office of the Chief MHO, Vancouver Coastal Health Authority, BC, Canada).

Intervention: Recognizing the need to invest resources that strategically move public health work "upstream" where policies and investments can shape the determinants of health, the Office of the Chief MHO for Vancouver Coastal Health embarked on a process in 2019 to develop a population health team designed to engage in Healthy Public Policy (HPP) and Health in All Policies (HiAP) approaches to health promotion. The mission and design of this unit was informed by internal and external research and engagement which continued even through the COVID-19 pandemic.

Outcomes: In the fall of 2022, this new unit, the first of its kind in British Columbia, was launched. In 2023, it embarked on strategic planning, engaged in key public policy processes, and implemented priority areas of work to help advance healthy public policy in the region, including the development of processes, tools, and practices to support a more systematic and rigorous approach to this emerging area of public health practice.

Implications: The creation of this new Healthy Public Policy Unit invites discussion within Canada's public health community on the issue of resource allocation to support upstream interventions seeking to build the capacity and effectiveness of HPP and HiAP approaches.

地点干预措施:温哥华沿岸卫生局首席医疗保健官办公室认识到有必要投入资源,战略性地将公共卫生工作推向 "上游",因为政策和投资能够影响健康的决定因素,因此该办公室于 2019 年启动了一项进程,成立了一个人口健康团队,旨在参与健康公共政策 (HPP) 和所有政策中的健康 (HiAP) 方法,以促进健康。该小组的任务和设计参考了内部和外部的研究和参与,甚至在 COVID-19 大流行期间仍在继续:2022 年秋,不列颠哥伦比亚省首个此类新单位成立。2023 年,它开始进行战略规划,参与关键的公共政策进程,并实施优先工作领域,以帮助推进该地区的健康公共政策,包括开发流程、工具和实践,以支持以更系统、更严格的方法来处理这一新兴的公共卫生实践领域:这一新的健康公共政策部门的成立,将在加拿大公共卫生界引起对资源分配问题的讨论,以支持上游干预措施,寻求建立健康公共政策和 HiAP 方法的能力和有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Prevalence and population attributable fractions of potentially modifiable risk factors for dementia in Canada: A cross-sectional analysis of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging. 加拿大痴呆症潜在可改变风险因素的流行率和人口可归因分数:加拿大老龄化纵向研究的横断面分析。
IF 2.9 4区 医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.17269/s41997-024-00920-7
Yasaman Dolatshahi, Alexandra Mayhew, Megan E O'Connell, Teresa Liu-Ambrose, Vanessa Taler, Eric E Smith, David B Hogan, Susan Kirkland, Andrew P Costa, Christina Wolfson, Parminder Raina, Lauren Griffith, Aaron Jones

Objectives: We investigated the prevalence and population attributable fraction (PAF) of 12 potentially modifiable risk factors for dementia in middle-aged and older Canadians.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 30,097 adults aged 45 to 85 with baseline data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (2011‒2015). Risk factors and associated relative risks were taken from a highly cited systematic review. We calculated the prevalence of each risk factor using sampling weights. Individual PAFs were calculated both crudely and weighted for communality, and combined PAFs were calculated using both multiplicative and additive assumptions. Analyses were stratified by household income and repeated at CLSA's first follow-up (2015‒2018).

Results: The most prevalent risk factors were physical inactivity (63.8%; 95% CI, 62.8-64.9), hypertension (32.8%; 31.7-33.8), and obesity (30.8%; 29.7-31.8). The highest crude PAFs were physical inactivity (19.9%), traumatic brain injury (16.7%), and hypertension (16.6%). The highest weighted PAFs were physical inactivity (11.6%), depression (7.7%), and hypertension (6.0%). We estimated that the 12 risk factors combined accounted for 43.4% (37.3‒49.0) of dementia cases assuming weighted multiplicative interactions and 60.9% (55.7‒65.5) assuming additive interactions. There was a clear gradient of increasing prevalence and PAF with decreasing income for 9 of the 12 risk factors.

Conclusion: The findings of this study can inform individual- and population-level dementia prevention strategies in Canada. Differences in the impact of individual risk factors between this study and other international and regional studies highlight the importance of tailoring national dementia strategies to the local distribution of risk factors.

目的:我们调查了加拿大中老年人痴呆症的 12 个潜在可改变风险因素的患病率和人口可归因分数:我们调查了加拿大中老年人痴呆症的 12 个潜在可改变风险因素的患病率和人口可归因分数 (PAF):我们对 30,097 名 45 至 85 岁的成年人进行了横断面研究,基线数据来自加拿大老龄化纵向研究(2011-2015 年)。风险因素和相关的相对风险来自一篇引用率很高的系统综述。我们使用抽样权重计算了每个风险因素的患病率。单个 PAFs 采用粗略计算和社区加权计算,综合 PAFs 采用乘法和加法假设计算。分析按家庭收入进行分层,并在 CLSA 的首次随访(2015-2018 年)中重复进行:最普遍的风险因素是缺乏运动(63.8%;95% CI,62.8-64.9)、高血压(32.8%;31.7-33.8)和肥胖(30.8%;29.7-31.8)。粗PAF最高的是缺乏运动(19.9%)、脑外伤(16.7%)和高血压(16.6%)。加权 PAF 最高的是缺乏运动(11.6%)、抑郁(7.7%)和高血压(6.0%)。我们估计,假设加权乘法相互作用,12 个风险因素合计占痴呆病例的 43.4%(37.3-49.0),假设加法相互作用,则占 60.9%(55.7-65.5)。在12个风险因素中,有9个因素的患病率和PAF呈明显的梯度上升趋势,收入越低,患病率和PAF越高:本研究的结果可为加拿大的个人和人群痴呆症预防策略提供参考。本研究与其他国际和地区性研究在个体风险因素影响方面的差异凸显了根据风险因素在当地的分布情况调整国家痴呆症战略的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Childcare use and the social-emotional and behavioural outcomes of late-preterm and early-term born children at age 5: An analysis of the All Our Families longitudinal cohort. 托儿服务的使用与早产儿和晚产儿 5 岁时的社会情感和行为结果:对 "我们所有的家庭"(All Our Families)纵向队列的分析。
IF 2.9 4区 医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.17269/s41997-024-00908-3
Nikki Stephenson, Suzanne Tough, Carly McMorris, Tyler Williamson, Sheila McDonald, Amy Metcalfe

Objectives: Gestational age at birth (GA) shows an inverse gradient of risk with social-emotional and behavioural outcomes among children born late preterm (≥ 34 and < 37 weeks) and early term (≥ 37 and < 39 weeks). Childcare has the potential to influence this association. This study aimed to estimate the association between GA and social-emotional/behavioural problems among children born between ≥ 34 and < 41 weeks gestation, determine whether this association was modified by childcare use, and describe the relationship between childcare and behavioural and social-emotional functioning at age 5.

Methods: Using data from the All Our Families cohort (n = 1324), logistic regression models were used to model the association between GA and social-emotional/behavioural problems (BASC-2 composite scales at age 5). Models were fit with interaction terms between GA and childcare variables (amount, multiplicity, and type of childcare at age 3) to assess effect modification.

Results: GA showed no significant associations with social-emotional/behavioural problems at age 5, though the type of childcare significantly modified the association between GA and externalizing and internalizing problems. Neither the number of hours spent in childcare (amount) nor the number of childcare arrangements used (multiplicity) modified the association between GA and social-emotional/behavioural problems. However, multiplicity was associated with externalizing behavioural problems (aOR = 2.09, 95% CI 1.14‒3.83).

Conclusion: This study found no significant association between GA and social-emotional/behavioural problems at age 5, though childcare type modified this association. Factors such as using multiple childcare arrangements to meet families' childcare needs have the potential to influence a child's social-emotional and behavioural functioning at age 5.

研究目的在晚期早产儿(≥ 34 岁)中,出生时胎龄(GA)与社会情感和行为结果的风险呈反梯度关系:利用 "我们所有的家庭"(All Our Families)队列(n = 1324)中的数据,使用逻辑回归模型来模拟 GA 与社会情感/行为问题(5 岁时的 BASC-2 综合量表)之间的关系。模型中还拟合了 GA 与儿童保育变量(3 岁时儿童保育的数量、多重性和类型)之间的交互项,以评估效应修正:尽管儿童保育类型会显著改变儿童性别与外化和内化问题之间的关系,但儿童性别与 5 岁时的社会情感/行为问题并无明显关联。在托儿所度过的小时数(数量)和所使用的托儿所安排的数量(多重性)都没有改变性别问题与社会情感/行为问题之间的关系。然而,多重性与外化行为问题有关(aOR = 2.09,95% CI 1.14-3.83):本研究发现,GA 与 5 岁儿童的社会情感/行为问题之间没有明显的关联,但儿童保育类型会改变这种关联。使用多种托儿安排以满足家庭的托儿需求等因素有可能影响儿童5岁时的社会情感和行为功能。
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引用次数: 0
Prevalence and regional distribution of obstructive sleep apnea in Canada: Analysis from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging. 加拿大阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的患病率和地区分布:加拿大老龄化纵向研究分析。
IF 2.9 4区 医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.17269/s41997-024-00911-8
Dorrie Rizzo, Marc Baltzan, Sanjeev Sirpal, James Dosman, Marta Kaminska, Frances Chung

Objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common chronic condition that is often undiagnosed or diagnosed after many years of symptoms and has an impact on quality of life and several health factors. We estimated the Canadian national prevalence of OSA using a validated questionnaire and physical measurements in participants in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA).

Methods: The method used individual risk estimation based upon the validated STOP-BANG scale developed for OSA. This stratified population sample spans Canada to provide regional estimates.

Results: In this sample of adults aged 45 to 85 years old, the overall prevalence in 2015 of combined moderate and severe OSA in the 51,337 participants was 28.1% (95% confidence intervals, 27.8‒28.4). The regional prevalence varied statistically between Atlantic Canada and Western Canada (p < 0.001), although clinically the variations were limited. The provincial prevalence for moderate and severe OSA ranged from 27.5% (New Brunswick and British Columbia) to 29.1% (Manitoba). Body mass index (BMI) was the dominant determinant of the variance between provinces (β = 0.33, p < 0.001). Only 1.2% of participants had a clinical diagnosis of OSA.

Conclusion: The great majority (92.9%) of the participants at high risk of OSA were unrecognized and had no clinical diagnosis of OSA.

目的:阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA)是一种常见的慢性疾病,通常未得到诊断或出现症状多年后才得到诊断,对生活质量和多种健康因素都有影响。我们通过对加拿大老龄化纵向研究(CLSA)参与者进行有效问卷调查和身体测量,估算出加拿大全国的 OSA 患病率:方法:该方法根据针对 OSA 开发的 STOP-BANG 有效量表进行个人风险估计。该分层人口样本横跨加拿大,可提供地区估计值:在这一 45 至 85 岁的成人样本中,2015 年 51,337 名参与者中合并中度和重度 OSA 的总患病率为 28.1%(95% 置信区间,27.8-28.4)。据统计,加拿大大西洋地区和加拿大西部地区的患病率存在差异(p 结论):绝大多数(92.9%)OSA 高危参试者未被发现,也没有 OSA 的临床诊断。
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引用次数: 0
Inequities in dietary intake and eating behaviours among adolescents in Canada. 加拿大青少年饮食摄入和饮食行为的不平等。
IF 4.3 4区 医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-21 DOI: 10.17269/s41997-024-00854-0
Karen A Patte, Markus J Duncan, Angelica Amores, Emily Belita, Rita Kocsis, Negin A Riazi, Rachel Laxer, Scott T Leatherdale

Objective: To provide contemporary evidence of how dietary intake and eating behaviours vary by social positions among adolescents.

Methods: We used survey data collected during the 2020-2021 school year from 52,138 students attending 133 secondary schools in Alberta, British Columbia, Ontario, and Quebec, Canada. Multiple regression models tested whether self-reported indicators of dietary intake and eating behaviours differed by gender, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status (SES).

Results: Females were more likely than males to skip breakfast, restrict eating, and consume fruit, vegetables, and fast food on more days. Gender-diverse/"prefer not to say" students were more likely to restrict eating than males and the least likely to consume breakfast and drink water daily, and fruits and vegetables regularly. Black and Latin American students were more likely to restrict eating and consume purchased snacks and fast food, and less likely to drink water daily than white and Asian adolescents. Daily breakfast consumption was most likely among Latin American students. Black students were the least likely to report eating breakfast daily and fruits and vegetables regularly. Lower SES was associated with lower odds of eating breakfast and drinking water daily and regular fruit and vegetable consumption, and higher odds of restrictive eating and purchased snack consumption. Fast food consumption had a u-shaped association with SES.

Conclusion: Results emphasize gender, racial/ethnic, and socioeconomic inequities in the diets and eating behaviours of adolescents. There is a critical need to address the structural factors contributing to inequities and prevent the consequences of dietary disparities.

目的提供当代证据,说明不同社会地位的青少年的饮食摄入量和饮食行为有何不同:我们使用了 2020-2021 学年收集的调查数据,这些数据来自加拿大艾伯塔省、不列颠哥伦比亚省、安大略省和魁北克省 133 所中学的 52138 名学生。多元回归模型检验了自我报告的饮食摄入指标和饮食行为是否因性别、种族/族裔和社会经济地位(SES)而有所不同:结果:与男性相比,女性更有可能不吃早餐、限制饮食以及在更多的日子里食用水果、蔬菜和快餐。性别不同/"不愿透露 "的学生比男生更有可能限制饮食,也最不可能每天吃早餐和喝水,以及经常吃水果和蔬菜。与白人和亚裔青少年相比,黑人和拉美裔学生更倾向于限制饮食和食用购买的零食和快餐,每天喝水的可能性较低。拉丁美洲学生最有可能每天吃早餐。黑人学生最不可能每天吃早餐,也不可能经常吃水果和蔬菜。较低的社会经济地位与每天吃早餐和喝水以及经常吃水果和蔬菜的几率较低有关,而与限制性饮食和购买零食的几率较高有关。快餐消费与社会经济地位呈 U 型关系:结论:研究结果表明,在青少年的饮食和饮食行为中存在着性别、种族/民族和社会经济方面的不平等。我们亟需解决导致不平等的结构性因素,并防止饮食差异造成的后果。
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引用次数: 0
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Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique
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