Pub Date : 2024-08-01Epub Date: 2024-05-28DOI: 10.17269/s41997-024-00895-5
Jeffrey Trieu, Cheryl Young, Phuong D M Nguyen, Anne-Marie Nicol, Sarah B Henderson, David McVea
Setting: The potential for exposure to indoor radon varies dramatically across British Columbia (BC) due to varied geology. Individuals may struggle to understand their exposure risk and agencies may struggle to understand the value of population-level programs and policies to mitigate risk.
Intervention: The BC Centre for Disease Control (BCCDC) established the BC Radon Data Repository (BCRDR) to facilitate radon research, public awareness, and action in the province. The BCRDR aggregates indoor radon measurements collected by government agencies, industry professionals and organizations, and research and advocacy groups. Participation was formalized with a data sharing agreement, which outlines how the BCCDC anonymizes and manages the shared data integrated into the BCRDR.
Outcomes: The BCRDR currently holds 38,733 measurements from 18 data contributors. The repository continues to grow with new measurements from existing contributors and the addition of new contributors. A prominent use of the BCRDR was to create the online, interactive BC Radon Map, which includes regional concentration summaries, risk interpretation messaging, and health promotion information. Anonymized BCRDR data are also available for external release upon request.
Implications: The BCCDC leverages existing radon measurement programs to create a large and integrated database with wide geographic coverage. The development and application of the BCRDR informs public health research and action beyond the BCCDC, and the repository can serve as a model for other regional or national initiatives.
{"title":"The BC Radon Data Repository (BCRDR) and BC Radon Map: Integrating disparate data sources for improved public health communication.","authors":"Jeffrey Trieu, Cheryl Young, Phuong D M Nguyen, Anne-Marie Nicol, Sarah B Henderson, David McVea","doi":"10.17269/s41997-024-00895-5","DOIUrl":"10.17269/s41997-024-00895-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Setting: </strong>The potential for exposure to indoor radon varies dramatically across British Columbia (BC) due to varied geology. Individuals may struggle to understand their exposure risk and agencies may struggle to understand the value of population-level programs and policies to mitigate risk.</p><p><strong>Intervention: </strong>The BC Centre for Disease Control (BCCDC) established the BC Radon Data Repository (BCRDR) to facilitate radon research, public awareness, and action in the province. The BCRDR aggregates indoor radon measurements collected by government agencies, industry professionals and organizations, and research and advocacy groups. Participation was formalized with a data sharing agreement, which outlines how the BCCDC anonymizes and manages the shared data integrated into the BCRDR.</p><p><strong>Outcomes: </strong>The BCRDR currently holds 38,733 measurements from 18 data contributors. The repository continues to grow with new measurements from existing contributors and the addition of new contributors. A prominent use of the BCRDR was to create the online, interactive BC Radon Map, which includes regional concentration summaries, risk interpretation messaging, and health promotion information. Anonymized BCRDR data are also available for external release upon request.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>The BCCDC leverages existing radon measurement programs to create a large and integrated database with wide geographic coverage. The development and application of the BCRDR informs public health research and action beyond the BCCDC, and the repository can serve as a model for other regional or national initiatives.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11303615/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141162738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01Epub Date: 2024-05-13DOI: 10.17269/s41997-024-00889-3
Elizabeth K Farkouh, Kate Vallance, Ashley Wettlaufer, Norman Giesbrecht, Mark Asbridge, Amanda M Farrell-Low, Marilou Gagnon, Tina R Price, Isabella Priore, Jacob Shelley, Adam Sherk, Kevin D Shield, Robert Solomon, Tim R Stockwell, Kara Thompson, Nicole Vishnevsky, Timothy S Naimi
Objective: To systematically assess the Canadian federal government's current alcohol policies in relation to public health best practices.
Methods: The 2022 Canadian Alcohol Policy Evaluation (CAPE) Project assessed federal alcohol policies across 10 domains. Policy domains were weighted according to evidence for their relative impact, including effectiveness and scope. A detailed scoring rubric of best practices was developed and externally reviewed by international experts. Policy data were collected between June and December 2022, using official legislation, government websites, and data sources identified from previous iterations of CAPE as sources. Contacts within relevant government departments provided any additional data sources, reviewed the accuracy and completeness of the data, and provided amendments as needed. Data were scored independently by members of the research team. Final policy scores were tabulated and presented as a weighted overall average score and as unweighted domain-specific scores.
Results: Compared to public health best practices, the federal government of Canada scored 37% overall. The three most impactful domains-(1) pricing and taxation, (2) marketing and advertising controls, and (3) impaired driving countermeasures-received some of the lowest scores (39%, 10%, and 40%, respectively). Domain-specific scores varied considerably from 0% for minimum legal age policies to 100% for controls on physical availability of alcohol.
Conclusion: Many evidence-informed alcohol policies have not been adopted, or been adopted only partially, by the Canadian federal government. Urgent adoption of the recommended policies is needed to prevent and reduce the enormous health, social, and economic costs of alcohol use in Canada.
{"title":"An assessment of federal alcohol policies in Canada and priority recommendations: Results from the 3rd Canadian Alcohol Policy Evaluation Project.","authors":"Elizabeth K Farkouh, Kate Vallance, Ashley Wettlaufer, Norman Giesbrecht, Mark Asbridge, Amanda M Farrell-Low, Marilou Gagnon, Tina R Price, Isabella Priore, Jacob Shelley, Adam Sherk, Kevin D Shield, Robert Solomon, Tim R Stockwell, Kara Thompson, Nicole Vishnevsky, Timothy S Naimi","doi":"10.17269/s41997-024-00889-3","DOIUrl":"10.17269/s41997-024-00889-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To systematically assess the Canadian federal government's current alcohol policies in relation to public health best practices.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The 2022 Canadian Alcohol Policy Evaluation (CAPE) Project assessed federal alcohol policies across 10 domains. Policy domains were weighted according to evidence for their relative impact, including effectiveness and scope. A detailed scoring rubric of best practices was developed and externally reviewed by international experts. Policy data were collected between June and December 2022, using official legislation, government websites, and data sources identified from previous iterations of CAPE as sources. Contacts within relevant government departments provided any additional data sources, reviewed the accuracy and completeness of the data, and provided amendments as needed. Data were scored independently by members of the research team. Final policy scores were tabulated and presented as a weighted overall average score and as unweighted domain-specific scores.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to public health best practices, the federal government of Canada scored 37% overall. The three most impactful domains-(1) pricing and taxation, (2) marketing and advertising controls, and (3) impaired driving countermeasures-received some of the lowest scores (39%, 10%, and 40%, respectively). Domain-specific scores varied considerably from 0% for minimum legal age policies to 100% for controls on physical availability of alcohol.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Many evidence-informed alcohol policies have not been adopted, or been adopted only partially, by the Canadian federal government. Urgent adoption of the recommended policies is needed to prevent and reduce the enormous health, social, and economic costs of alcohol use in Canada.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11303602/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140912791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01Epub Date: 2024-07-09DOI: 10.17269/s41997-024-00901-w
Sheila F O'Brien, Michael Asamoah-Boaheng, Brian Grunau, Mel Krajden, David L Buckeridge, David M Goldfarb, Maureen Anderson, Marc Germain, Patrick Brown, Derek R Stein, Kami Kandola, Graham Tipples, Philip Awadalla, Amanda Lang, Lesley Behl, Tiffany Fitzpatrick, Steven J Drews
Setting: In Canada's federated healthcare system, 13 provincial and territorial jurisdictions have independent responsibility to collect data to inform health policies. During the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2023), national and regional sero-surveys mostly drew upon existing infrastructure to quickly test specimens and collect data but required cross-jurisdiction coordination and communication.
Intervention: There were 4 national and 7 regional general population SARS-CoV-2 sero-surveys. Survey methodologies varied by participant selection approaches, assay choices, and reporting structures. We analyzed Canadian pandemic sero-surveillance initiatives to identify key learnings to inform future pandemic planning.
Outcomes: Over a million samples were tested for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies from 2020 to 2023 but siloed in 11 distinct datasets. Most national sero-surveys had insufficient sample size to estimate regional prevalence; differences in methodology hampered cross-regional comparisons of regional sero-surveys. Only four sero-surveys included questionnaires. Sero-surveys were not directly comparable due to different assays, sampling methodologies, and time-frames. Linkage to health records occurred in three provinces only. Dried blood spots permitted sample collection in remote populations and during stay-at-home orders.
Implications: To provide timely, high-quality information for public health decision-making, routine sero-surveillance systems must be adaptable, flexible, and scalable. National capability planning should include consortiums for assay design and validation, defined mechanisms to improve test capacity, base documents for data linkage and material transfer across jurisdictions, and mechanisms for real-time communication of data. Lessons learned will inform incorporation of a robust sero-survey program into routine surveillance with strategic sampling and capacity to adapt and scale rapidly as a part of a comprehensive national pandemic response plan.
{"title":"Canada's approach to SARS-CoV-2 sero-surveillance: Lessons learned for routine surveillance and future pandemics.","authors":"Sheila F O'Brien, Michael Asamoah-Boaheng, Brian Grunau, Mel Krajden, David L Buckeridge, David M Goldfarb, Maureen Anderson, Marc Germain, Patrick Brown, Derek R Stein, Kami Kandola, Graham Tipples, Philip Awadalla, Amanda Lang, Lesley Behl, Tiffany Fitzpatrick, Steven J Drews","doi":"10.17269/s41997-024-00901-w","DOIUrl":"10.17269/s41997-024-00901-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Setting: </strong>In Canada's federated healthcare system, 13 provincial and territorial jurisdictions have independent responsibility to collect data to inform health policies. During the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2023), national and regional sero-surveys mostly drew upon existing infrastructure to quickly test specimens and collect data but required cross-jurisdiction coordination and communication.</p><p><strong>Intervention: </strong>There were 4 national and 7 regional general population SARS-CoV-2 sero-surveys. Survey methodologies varied by participant selection approaches, assay choices, and reporting structures. We analyzed Canadian pandemic sero-surveillance initiatives to identify key learnings to inform future pandemic planning.</p><p><strong>Outcomes: </strong>Over a million samples were tested for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies from 2020 to 2023 but siloed in 11 distinct datasets. Most national sero-surveys had insufficient sample size to estimate regional prevalence; differences in methodology hampered cross-regional comparisons of regional sero-surveys. Only four sero-surveys included questionnaires. Sero-surveys were not directly comparable due to different assays, sampling methodologies, and time-frames. Linkage to health records occurred in three provinces only. Dried blood spots permitted sample collection in remote populations and during stay-at-home orders.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>To provide timely, high-quality information for public health decision-making, routine sero-surveillance systems must be adaptable, flexible, and scalable. National capability planning should include consortiums for assay design and validation, defined mechanisms to improve test capacity, base documents for data linkage and material transfer across jurisdictions, and mechanisms for real-time communication of data. Lessons learned will inform incorporation of a robust sero-survey program into routine surveillance with strategic sampling and capacity to adapt and scale rapidly as a part of a comprehensive national pandemic response plan.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141565091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01Epub Date: 2024-06-27DOI: 10.17269/s41997-024-00899-1
Bryany Denning, Paul Andrew, Pertice Moffitt, Barbara Broers
Objectives: This paper outlines the engagement process that was used to develop the Northwest Territories Alcohol Strategy, based on a recommendation by the developers of the Canadian Alcohol Policy Evaluation report, and how this informed the final actions in the strategy.
Methods: A literature review, four targeted engagement activities, and iterative validation by advisory groups and community and Indigenous leadership were used to evaluate, modify, or reject the original recommendations and develop the final actions that were included in the NWT Alcohol Strategy.
Results: There are fourteen original CAPE recommendations, four of which had already been implemented in the Northwest Territories before the development of the strategy. On completion of the process, four recommendations had already been implemented in the NWT. Two recommendations were included in the strategy without changes, two were adapted for use in the strategy, and six were not included. One stand-alone alcohol policy measure was created and included.
Conclusion: Alcohol strategies are dependent on a variety of contextual factors. Developers need to take into consideration the unique geography, political climate, and cultural context of the region for which they are being developed, in order to produce a strategy that is applicable, acceptable, and feasible at the community level.
{"title":"Developing an alcohol strategy for the Northwest Territories: Evaluating global research evidence against rural and remote realities.","authors":"Bryany Denning, Paul Andrew, Pertice Moffitt, Barbara Broers","doi":"10.17269/s41997-024-00899-1","DOIUrl":"10.17269/s41997-024-00899-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This paper outlines the engagement process that was used to develop the Northwest Territories Alcohol Strategy, based on a recommendation by the developers of the Canadian Alcohol Policy Evaluation report, and how this informed the final actions in the strategy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A literature review, four targeted engagement activities, and iterative validation by advisory groups and community and Indigenous leadership were used to evaluate, modify, or reject the original recommendations and develop the final actions that were included in the NWT Alcohol Strategy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There are fourteen original CAPE recommendations, four of which had already been implemented in the Northwest Territories before the development of the strategy. On completion of the process, four recommendations had already been implemented in the NWT. Two recommendations were included in the strategy without changes, two were adapted for use in the strategy, and six were not included. One stand-alone alcohol policy measure was created and included.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Alcohol strategies are dependent on a variety of contextual factors. Developers need to take into consideration the unique geography, political climate, and cultural context of the region for which they are being developed, in order to produce a strategy that is applicable, acceptable, and feasible at the community level.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11303368/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141460681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01Epub Date: 2024-04-30DOI: 10.17269/s41997-024-00884-8
Mayu Nishimura, Agnes Wong, Daphne Maurer
Objective: To assess the effectiveness of a kindergarten vision screening program by randomly assigning schools to receive or not receive vision screening, then following up 1.5 years later.
Methods: Fifty high-needs elementary schools were randomly assigned to participate or not in a vision screening program for children in senior kindergarten (SK; age 5‒6 years). When the children were in Grade 2 (age 6‒7 years), vision screening was conducted at all 50 schools.
Results: Contrary to expectations, screened and non-screened schools did not differ in the prevalence of suspected amblyopia in Grade 2 (8.6% vs. 7.5%, p = 0.10), nor prevalence of other visual problems such as astigmatism (45.1% vs. 47.1%, p = 0.51). There was also no difference between screened and non-screened schools in academic outcomes such as the proportion of children below grade level in reading (33% vs. 29%) or math (44% vs. 38%) (p = 0.86). However, more children were wearing glasses in screened than in non-screened schools (10.2% vs. 7.8%, p = 0.05), and more children reported their glasses as missing or broken (8.3% vs. 4.7%, p = 0.01), suggesting that SK screening had identified successfully those in need of glasses. Examination of individual results revealed that 72% of children diagnosed and treated for amblyopia in SK no longer had amblyopia in Grade 2.
Conclusion: The prevalence of amblyopia and other visual problems was not reduced in Grade 2 by our SK vision screening program, perhaps because of poor treatment compliance and high attrition. The results suggest that a single screening intervention is insufficient to reduce visual problems among young children. However, the data from individuals with amblyopia suggest that continuing vision care and access to glasses benefits children, especially children from lower socioeconomic class.
{"title":"Continued care and provision of glasses are necessary to improve visual and academic outcomes in children: Experience from a cluster-randomized controlled trial of school-based vision screening.","authors":"Mayu Nishimura, Agnes Wong, Daphne Maurer","doi":"10.17269/s41997-024-00884-8","DOIUrl":"10.17269/s41997-024-00884-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the effectiveness of a kindergarten vision screening program by randomly assigning schools to receive or not receive vision screening, then following up 1.5 years later.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifty high-needs elementary schools were randomly assigned to participate or not in a vision screening program for children in senior kindergarten (SK; age 5‒6 years). When the children were in Grade 2 (age 6‒7 years), vision screening was conducted at all 50 schools.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Contrary to expectations, screened and non-screened schools did not differ in the prevalence of suspected amblyopia in Grade 2 (8.6% vs. 7.5%, p = 0.10), nor prevalence of other visual problems such as astigmatism (45.1% vs. 47.1%, p = 0.51). There was also no difference between screened and non-screened schools in academic outcomes such as the proportion of children below grade level in reading (33% vs. 29%) or math (44% vs. 38%) (p = 0.86). However, more children were wearing glasses in screened than in non-screened schools (10.2% vs. 7.8%, p = 0.05), and more children reported their glasses as missing or broken (8.3% vs. 4.7%, p = 0.01), suggesting that SK screening had identified successfully those in need of glasses. Examination of individual results revealed that 72% of children diagnosed and treated for amblyopia in SK no longer had amblyopia in Grade 2.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of amblyopia and other visual problems was not reduced in Grade 2 by our SK vision screening program, perhaps because of poor treatment compliance and high attrition. The results suggest that a single screening intervention is insufficient to reduce visual problems among young children. However, the data from individuals with amblyopia suggest that continuing vision care and access to glasses benefits children, especially children from lower socioeconomic class.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11303613/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140873367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01Epub Date: 2024-05-14DOI: 10.17269/s41997-024-00886-6
Sheila F O'Brien, Behrouz Ehsani-Moghaddam, Mindy Goldman, Lori Osmond, Wenli Fan, Steven J Drews
Objectives: Estimate HTLV-1/2 (human T-cell lymphotropic viruses) prevalence in Canadian blood donors and the association of demographic variables with infection and their corresponding risk factors.
Methods: First-time blood donors in all Canadian provinces (except Quebec) from 1990 to 2022 were included. Blood samples were tested for HTLV-1/2 by enzyme-linked immunoassay, confirmed by Western blot. Multivariable logistic regression with year, age group, sex, region, neighbourhood material deprivation, and ethnocultural composition indices predicted HTLV-1/2. Since 2005, all HTLV-1/2-positive donors (cases) were invited to participate in a risk factor interview, and 4 non-positive donors (controls per case) were matched for age, sex, and region. Case-control predictors of HTLV-1/2 were analyzed using logistic regression.
Results: There were 3,085,554 first-time donors from 1990 to 2022. HTLV-1/2 prevalence remained low (12 per 100,000 in 2022, 95% CI 6.4-23.5). The odds ratios predicting HTLV-1/2 were higher in females (2.0, 95% CI 1.5-2.6), older age groups (50 + ; 6.3, 95% CI 4.3-9.2), British Columbia and Ontario, those materially deprived (1.9, 95% CI 1.2-2.9), and those in ethnocultural neighbourhoods (7.5, 95% CI 3.2-17.3). Most HTLV-1/2 in Ontario was HTLV-1, whereas in British Columbia half were HTLV-2. Forty-three of 149 (28.8%) cases and 172 of 413 (41.6%) controls completed an interview. The strongest predictor of HTLV-1/2 in case-control analysis was birth in a high-prevalence country (OR 39.8, 95% CI 7.8-204.3) but about 50% of HTLV-1 and 90% of HTLV-2 were Canadian-born.
Conclusion: HTLV-1/2 prevalence is low in blood donors. High-prevalence country of birth accounts for about half of HTLV-1; HTLV-2 positives are usually Canadian-born. HTLV-1/2 transmission likely occurs overseas and within Canada.
目标:估计加拿大献血者中 HTLV-1/2 (人类 T 细胞淋巴细胞病毒)的流行率以及人口统计学变量与感染及其相应风险因素的关系:估算加拿大献血者中 HTLV-1/2(人类 T 细胞淋巴细胞病毒)的流行率,以及人口统计学变量与感染及其相应风险因素的关联:方法:纳入 1990 年至 2022 年加拿大所有省份(魁北克除外)的首次献血者。采用酶联免疫法检测血样中的 HTLV-1/2,并通过 Western 印迹进行确认。年、年龄组、性别、地区、邻里物质匮乏程度和民族文化构成指数的多变量逻辑回归预测了 HTLV-1/2。自 2005 年起,所有 HTLV-1/2 阳性的捐献者(病例)都被邀请参加风险因素访谈,4 名非阳性捐献者(每个病例的对照)在年龄、性别和地区方面进行了匹配。采用逻辑回归分析了HTLV-1/2的病例对照预测因素:结果:从 1990 年到 2022 年,共有 3,085,554 名首次捐献者。HTLV-1/2 的流行率仍然很低(2022 年为每 10 万人 12 例,95% CI 为 6.4-23.5)。女性(2.0,95% CI 1.5-2.6)、年龄较大的群体(50 + ;6.3,95% CI 4.3-9.2)、不列颠哥伦比亚省和安大略省、物质匮乏者(1.9,95% CI 1.2-2.9)和民族文化社区中的人群(7.5,95% CI 3.2-17.3)预测 HTLV-1/2 的几率更高。在安大略省,大多数 HTLV-1/2 为 HTLV-1,而在不列颠哥伦比亚省,半数为 HTLV-2。149 例病例中有 43 例(28.8%)完成了访谈,413 例对照中有 172 例(41.6%)完成了访谈。在病例对照分析中,预测 HTLV-1/2 的最强因素是出生在高流行率国家(OR 39.8,95% CI 7.8-204.3),但约 50% 的 HTLV-1 和 90% 的 HTLV-2 是在加拿大出生的:结论:HTLV-1/2 在献血者中的流行率较低。结论:HTLV-1/2 在献血者中的流行率较低,高流行率的出生国约占 HTLV-1 的一半;HTLV-2 阳性者通常在加拿大出生。HTLV-1/2 的传播可能发生在海外和加拿大境内。
{"title":"Prevalence of human T-cell lymphotropic virus-1/2 in Canada over 33 years: A unique contribution of blood donors to public health surveillance.","authors":"Sheila F O'Brien, Behrouz Ehsani-Moghaddam, Mindy Goldman, Lori Osmond, Wenli Fan, Steven J Drews","doi":"10.17269/s41997-024-00886-6","DOIUrl":"10.17269/s41997-024-00886-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Estimate HTLV-1/2 (human T-cell lymphotropic viruses) prevalence in Canadian blood donors and the association of demographic variables with infection and their corresponding risk factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>First-time blood donors in all Canadian provinces (except Quebec) from 1990 to 2022 were included. Blood samples were tested for HTLV-1/2 by enzyme-linked immunoassay, confirmed by Western blot. Multivariable logistic regression with year, age group, sex, region, neighbourhood material deprivation, and ethnocultural composition indices predicted HTLV-1/2. Since 2005, all HTLV-1/2-positive donors (cases) were invited to participate in a risk factor interview, and 4 non-positive donors (controls per case) were matched for age, sex, and region. Case-control predictors of HTLV-1/2 were analyzed using logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 3,085,554 first-time donors from 1990 to 2022. HTLV-1/2 prevalence remained low (12 per 100,000 in 2022, 95% CI 6.4-23.5). The odds ratios predicting HTLV-1/2 were higher in females (2.0, 95% CI 1.5-2.6), older age groups (50 + ; 6.3, 95% CI 4.3-9.2), British Columbia and Ontario, those materially deprived (1.9, 95% CI 1.2-2.9), and those in ethnocultural neighbourhoods (7.5, 95% CI 3.2-17.3). Most HTLV-1/2 in Ontario was HTLV-1, whereas in British Columbia half were HTLV-2. Forty-three of 149 (28.8%) cases and 172 of 413 (41.6%) controls completed an interview. The strongest predictor of HTLV-1/2 in case-control analysis was birth in a high-prevalence country (OR 39.8, 95% CI 7.8-204.3) but about 50% of HTLV-1 and 90% of HTLV-2 were Canadian-born.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HTLV-1/2 prevalence is low in blood donors. High-prevalence country of birth accounts for about half of HTLV-1; HTLV-2 positives are usually Canadian-born. HTLV-1/2 transmission likely occurs overseas and within Canada.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140923791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01Epub Date: 2024-07-25DOI: 10.17269/s41997-024-00910-9
Yiqing Xia, Jorge Luis Flores Anato, Caroline Colijn, Naveed Janjua, Mike Irvine, Tyler Williamson, Marie B Varughese, Michael Li, Nathaniel Osgood, David J D Earn, Beate Sander, Lauren E Cipriano, Kumar Murty, Fanyu Xiu, Arnaud Godin, David Buckeridge, Amy Hurford, Sharmistha Mishra, Mathieu Maheu-Giroux
Setting: Mathematical modelling played an important role in the public health response to COVID-19 in Canada. Variability in epidemic trajectories, modelling approaches, and data infrastructure across provinces provides a unique opportunity to understand the factors that shaped modelling strategies.
Intervention: Provinces implemented stringent pandemic interventions to mitigate SARS-CoV-2 transmission, considering evidence from epidemic models. This study aimed to summarize provincial COVID-19 modelling efforts. We identified modelling teams working with provincial decision-makers, through referrals and membership in Canadian modelling networks. Information on models, data sources, and knowledge translation were abstracted using standardized instruments.
Outcomes: We obtained information from six provinces. For provinces with sustained community transmission, initial modelling efforts focused on projecting epidemic trajectories and healthcare demands, and evaluating impacts of proposed interventions. In provinces with low community transmission, models emphasized quantifying importation risks. Most of the models were compartmental and deterministic, with projection horizons of a few weeks. Models were updated regularly or replaced by new ones, adapting to changing local epidemic dynamics, pathogen characteristics, vaccines, and requests from public health. Surveillance datasets for cases, hospitalizations and deaths, and serological studies were the main data sources for model calibration. Access to data for modelling and the structure for knowledge translation differed markedly between provinces.
Implication: Provincial modelling efforts during the COVID-19 pandemic were tailored to local contexts and modulated by available resources. Strengthening Canadian modelling capacity, developing and sustaining collaborations between modellers and governments, and ensuring earlier access to linked and timely surveillance data could help improve pandemic preparedness.
{"title":"Canada's provincial COVID-19 pandemic modelling efforts: A review of mathematical models and their impacts on the responses.","authors":"Yiqing Xia, Jorge Luis Flores Anato, Caroline Colijn, Naveed Janjua, Mike Irvine, Tyler Williamson, Marie B Varughese, Michael Li, Nathaniel Osgood, David J D Earn, Beate Sander, Lauren E Cipriano, Kumar Murty, Fanyu Xiu, Arnaud Godin, David Buckeridge, Amy Hurford, Sharmistha Mishra, Mathieu Maheu-Giroux","doi":"10.17269/s41997-024-00910-9","DOIUrl":"10.17269/s41997-024-00910-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Setting: </strong>Mathematical modelling played an important role in the public health response to COVID-19 in Canada. Variability in epidemic trajectories, modelling approaches, and data infrastructure across provinces provides a unique opportunity to understand the factors that shaped modelling strategies.</p><p><strong>Intervention: </strong>Provinces implemented stringent pandemic interventions to mitigate SARS-CoV-2 transmission, considering evidence from epidemic models. This study aimed to summarize provincial COVID-19 modelling efforts. We identified modelling teams working with provincial decision-makers, through referrals and membership in Canadian modelling networks. Information on models, data sources, and knowledge translation were abstracted using standardized instruments.</p><p><strong>Outcomes: </strong>We obtained information from six provinces. For provinces with sustained community transmission, initial modelling efforts focused on projecting epidemic trajectories and healthcare demands, and evaluating impacts of proposed interventions. In provinces with low community transmission, models emphasized quantifying importation risks. Most of the models were compartmental and deterministic, with projection horizons of a few weeks. Models were updated regularly or replaced by new ones, adapting to changing local epidemic dynamics, pathogen characteristics, vaccines, and requests from public health. Surveillance datasets for cases, hospitalizations and deaths, and serological studies were the main data sources for model calibration. Access to data for modelling and the structure for knowledge translation differed markedly between provinces.</p><p><strong>Implication: </strong>Provincial modelling efforts during the COVID-19 pandemic were tailored to local contexts and modulated by available resources. Strengthening Canadian modelling capacity, developing and sustaining collaborations between modellers and governments, and ensuring earlier access to linked and timely surveillance data could help improve pandemic preparedness.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141767942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01DOI: 10.17269/s41997-024-00917-2
Michael Wolfson
{"title":"COVID-19 data and modeling: We need to learn from and act on our experiences.","authors":"Michael Wolfson","doi":"10.17269/s41997-024-00917-2","DOIUrl":"10.17269/s41997-024-00917-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141767943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01Epub Date: 2024-06-19DOI: 10.17269/s41997-024-00894-6
Sujane Kandasamy, Taylor Rowe, Matthew Y W Kwan
This commentary explores the position that community-academic partnerships (CAPs) can guide collaborative, equitable, and innovative research activities, enhancing knowledge mobilization and overall research impact. We use an example within behavioural sciences (with the broader goal of improving physical literacy development and physical activity for newcomer children and youth) to apply key practices that build bidirectional and trustworthy relationships between researchers, practitioners, and policy-makers, ultimately leading to equity-centered outputs. We report on our experiences both narratively and in video format by interweaving the perspectives of diverse and multi-sectoral team members and describing efforts to continue to engage and drive the momentum of research network activities.
{"title":"Community-academic partnerships catalyze and sustain impact in research activities: A commentary.","authors":"Sujane Kandasamy, Taylor Rowe, Matthew Y W Kwan","doi":"10.17269/s41997-024-00894-6","DOIUrl":"10.17269/s41997-024-00894-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This commentary explores the position that community-academic partnerships (CAPs) can guide collaborative, equitable, and innovative research activities, enhancing knowledge mobilization and overall research impact. We use an example within behavioural sciences (with the broader goal of improving physical literacy development and physical activity for newcomer children and youth) to apply key practices that build bidirectional and trustworthy relationships between researchers, practitioners, and policy-makers, ultimately leading to equity-centered outputs. We report on our experiences both narratively and in video format by interweaving the perspectives of diverse and multi-sectoral team members and describing efforts to continue to engage and drive the momentum of research network activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141421836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01DOI: 10.17269/s41997-024-00900-x
Erin Hobin, Naomi Schwartz, Theresa Poon, David Hammond
{"title":"Publisher Correction: Prevalence of cannabis use and the frequency, types, and sources of cannabis products used in northern remote territories of the Canadian legal cannabis market.","authors":"Erin Hobin, Naomi Schwartz, Theresa Poon, David Hammond","doi":"10.17269/s41997-024-00900-x","DOIUrl":"10.17269/s41997-024-00900-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11303621/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141318880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}