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An Acoustic Analysis of Description and Classification of Balti Segmental (Velar Sounds) Consonants 对巴蒂语分节(元音)辅音的描述和分类的声学分析
Pub Date : 2024-02-24 DOI: 10.53762/alnasr.03.01.e05
Ghulam Abbas, Altaf Hussain (Corresponding Author), Muhammad Bashir
The goal of this study is to categorize solely the consonants (velars) of the Balti language, which is spoken in Pakistan's Baltistan area of Gilgit Baltistan. The Balti language was chosen for the study because it is one of the less well-known languages in Pakistan and because there has never been any substantial research done on the language's sounds or sound system.120 distinct words from various Balti novels were chosen in order to categorize Balti sounds. Using the program PRAAT, the acoustic analysis of Balti consonants has been examined to demonstrate their physical characteristics. In order to capture samples of various Balti consonant sounds, the investigators identified 20 indigenous Balti speakers, aged 16 to 35, enrolled in State College for Boys in Model Town and University of Technology and Management, Lahore, Pakistan. Spectrophotograms representing each sound were used to display the physical characteristics of the native Balti speakers' sound samples. The Balti language has ten fricative sounds, according to acoustic examinations of consonant sounds.
本研究的目的是对巴基斯坦巴尔蒂斯坦地区吉尔吉特-巴尔蒂斯坦所说的巴尔蒂语的辅音(velars)进行分类。之所以选择巴尔蒂语进行研究,是因为它是巴基斯坦不太知名的语言之一,而且从未对该语言的语音或语音系统进行过任何实质性的研究。为了对巴尔蒂语的语音进行分类,我们从各种巴尔蒂语小说中选择了 120 个不同的单词。使用 PRAAT 程序对巴尔蒂辅音进行声学分析,以展示其物理特征。为了采集各种巴尔蒂辅音的样本,研究人员确定了 20 位讲巴尔蒂语的本地人,他们的年龄在 16 至 35 岁之间,分别就读于巴基斯坦拉合尔市模范镇国立男子学院和技术与管理大学。研究人员使用代表每种声音的分光光度图来显示土生土长的巴尔蒂人声音样本的物理特征。根据对辅音的声学检测,巴蒂语有十个摩擦音。
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引用次数: 0
Sufism in Attar's "The Conference of the Birds" Selected Translation by Peter Avery: Representations of Mystical Experience in Islamic Literature 阿塔尔《鸟的会议》中的苏菲主义,彼得-艾弗里选译:伊斯兰文学中神秘体验的表现形式
Pub Date : 2024-02-23 DOI: 10.53762/alnasr.03.01.e04
Dr. Sobia Tahir, Mehak Maqbool, Aneel Waqas Khan
In this paper, we seek to evaluate the presentation of Sufism in Attar's “The Conference of the Birds”, a Poem translated into the English by Peter Avery, in the Islamic literature. The investigation in its turn is directed on the modern writings to expose how the authors derive from the Sufi traditions the themes, the symbols, and acts to allegorize the many mystical experiences and spiritual search. The combination of literature, cultural, and also religious studies will bring in new perspectives to the study of Sufism and fiction to also enhance our understanding of the connection between Sufism and the fiction, and its importance concerning the modern Muslim identity and the spirituality.
在本文中,我们试图评估阿塔尔的《鸟的会议》(由彼得-艾弗里翻译成英文的一首诗)在伊斯兰文学中对苏菲主义的表述。这项调查反过来针对现代作品,揭示作者如何从苏菲传统中引申出主题、象征和行为,以寓意许多神秘体验和精神探索。文学、文化和宗教研究的结合将为苏菲主义和小说的研究带来新的视角,也将加深我们对苏菲主义和小说之间的联系及其对现代穆斯林身份和精神信仰的重要性的理解。
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引用次数: 0
مسلم عائلی زندگی :تہوار اور سماجی اثرات کا تجزیاتی جائزہ 穆斯林家庭Zindagi:Tahwar或Samaji效应是一种有益的体验
Pub Date : 2024-02-19 DOI: 10.53762/alnasr.03.01.u02
Qaria Nasreen Akhtar
The main focus of human instinct is one's own family, from which one finds physical, mental, moral, intellectual and spiritual peace. According to art experts, the first unit of family life is husband and wife and then their children also become a part of this system. The joint family system is also a form of family life in Pakistan. Man by nature prefers to live together instead of being isolated, so naturally he cannot be confined to his family, but by marriage and kinship he connects with many other families, when many families of different regions and languages. Inevitably, along with Islamic festivals, cultural and national festivals such as Eid, Shab-e-Barat, Mangani, Mahindi, Rakshati, Aqeeqah and many other festivals of happiness and sorrow become part of the society which has positive and negative effects. Individually and collectively affect the personality of every human being, especially the competition in appearance and display to maintain family dignity not only increases the financial burden on family heads / parents but also causes diseases like jealousy and resentment due to these festivals which in the light of the Qur'an and Sunnah, the remedy is inevitable.
人类本能的主要焦点是自己的家庭,人们从家庭中获得身体、心理、道德、智力和精神上的安宁。根据艺术专家的观点,家庭生活的第一单元是丈夫和妻子,然后他们的子女也成为这个系统的一部分。联合家庭制度也是巴基斯坦家庭生活的一种形式。人的天性是喜欢共同生活,而不是与世隔绝,因此他自然不能局限于自己的家庭,而是通过婚姻和亲属关系与其他许多家庭联系在一起,当许多家庭来自不同地区和语言的时候。除伊斯兰节日外,文化和民族节日也不可避免地成为社会的一部分,如开斋节、沙卜-巴拉特节、芒加尼节、马欣迪节、拉克什提节、阿吉卡节和其他许多喜庆和悲伤的节日,这些节日既有积极的影响,也有消极的影响。个人和集体都会影响到每个人的人格,尤其是为了维护家庭尊严而在外表和展示上的竞争,不仅增加了户主/父母的经济负担,还会因为这些节日而引发嫉妒和怨恨等疾病,而根据《古兰经》和《圣训》,补救措施是不可避免的。
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引用次数: 0
مسلم فیملی لا آرڈیننسء :1961معاشرتی تناظرمیں ایک مطالعہ Muslim Fimli La Ardennes : 1961我的同龄人与您的阅读相似。
Pub Date : 2024-02-17 DOI: 10.53762/alnasr.03.01.u01
Dr. Hafiz Muhammad Abrar Awan, Naveed Ur Rehman, Ms. Nudrat Bano
Islam is the complete code of life. It guides humankind in all areas of life especially the everyday life of a man. It has clearly mentioned the rights and duties of a man towards his parents, his wives, his children and other persons of the society. It guides and encourages a man to establish brotherhood and to coordinate with all especially with his family members. It has described the most and only effective way of family formation i.e. Nikah. At the time of Nikah and after Nikah, the rights and duties of both man and woman are described. It does not allow discrimination towards their children and parents. It makes a man bound to earn for himself as well as for his children, wives and parents. It does not allow a man to be cruel towards his wife and children. Even in case of Talaaq, it requires a man to be justified. In short, Islam guides a man in all areas of life.
伊斯兰教是一部完整的人生法典。它指导着人类生活的方方面面,尤其是人的日常生活。它明确提到了男人对父母、妻子、子女和社会其他人的权利和义务。它指导并鼓励男人建立兄弟情谊,并与所有人,尤其是家人协调相处。它描述了组建家庭最有效也是唯一有效的方式,即 "尼卡"。它规定了男女双方在结婚时和结婚后的权利和义务。它不允许歧视子女和父母。它规定男子必须为自己、子女、妻子和父母挣钱。它不允许男人对妻子和孩子残忍。即使是 "拜堂",它也要求男人理直气壮。总之,伊斯兰教在生活的各个领域都指导着一个人。
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引用次数: 0
Rituals and Challenges regarding Women in Ex-Fata Areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦省前法塔地区有关妇女的仪式和挑战
Pub Date : 2024-02-10 DOI: 10.53762/alnasr.03.01.e03
Dr. Naseem Akhter, Prof. Dr. Muhammad Hammad Lakhvi, Dr. Arshad Munir
A look into the relationship between rituals and barriers faced by women in what used to be known as Federally Administered Tribal Areas FATA of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) from an Islamic view is investigated under this study. The research is based on certain socio-cultural practices that mark what it means to be a woman residing in this part of the globe and also attempts at understanding how these cultural customs transform women’s everyday life. Additionally, the analysis shows various issues women face in these areas ranging from social-economic problems to education disparities and poor health provision. From the perspective of Islamic teachings, these challenges are critically analyzed revealing how religious principles interface with local practices and can impact women’s status and welfare.This study using the analysis of rituals and challenges intends to offer a subtle understanding about how some aspects can be taken related for women in ex-FATA regions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The study also explores potential approaches to women's empowerment from the perspective of Islamic principles in order to offer helpful advice to researchers, practitioners, and policy makers working to advance gender equity and development in this area.
本研究从伊斯兰教观点出发,探讨了开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦(KP)联邦直辖部落地区(FATA)的礼仪与妇女面临的障碍之间的关系。研究以某些社会文化习俗为基础,这些习俗标志着居住在这一地区的妇女意味着什么,研究还试图了解这些文化习俗是如何改变妇女的日常生活的。此外,分析还显示了妇女在这些地区所面临的各种问题,从社会经济问题到教育差距和医疗服务欠缺。从伊斯兰教义的角度出发,对这些挑战进行了批判性分析,揭示了宗教原则如何与当地习俗相结 合,并对妇女地位和福利产生影响。本研究通过对仪式和挑战的分析,旨在提供一个微妙的理解, 即如何在某些方面为开伯尔巴图克瓦省前联邦直辖部落地区的妇女提供相关服务。本研究还从伊斯兰原则的角度探讨了赋予妇女权力的潜在方法,以便为研究人员、从业人员和政策制定者提供有益的建议,促进该地区的性别平等和发展。
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引用次数: 0
Rituals and Challenges regarding Women in Ex-Fata Areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦省前法塔地区有关妇女的仪式和挑战
Pub Date : 2024-02-10 DOI: 10.53762/alnasr.03.01.e03
Dr. Naseem Akhter, Prof. Dr. Muhammad Hammad Lakhvi, Dr. Arshad Munir
A look into the relationship between rituals and barriers faced by women in what used to be known as Federally Administered Tribal Areas FATA of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) from an Islamic view is investigated under this study. The research is based on certain socio-cultural practices that mark what it means to be a woman residing in this part of the globe and also attempts at understanding how these cultural customs transform women’s everyday life. Additionally, the analysis shows various issues women face in these areas ranging from social-economic problems to education disparities and poor health provision. From the perspective of Islamic teachings, these challenges are critically analyzed revealing how religious principles interface with local practices and can impact women’s status and welfare.This study using the analysis of rituals and challenges intends to offer a subtle understanding about how some aspects can be taken related for women in ex-FATA regions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The study also explores potential approaches to women's empowerment from the perspective of Islamic principles in order to offer helpful advice to researchers, practitioners, and policy makers working to advance gender equity and development in this area.
本研究从伊斯兰教观点出发,探讨了开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦(KP)联邦直辖部落地区(FATA)的礼仪与妇女面临的障碍之间的关系。研究以某些社会文化习俗为基础,这些习俗标志着居住在这一地区的妇女意味着什么,研究还试图了解这些文化习俗是如何改变妇女的日常生活的。此外,分析还显示了妇女在这些地区所面临的各种问题,从社会经济问题到教育差距和医疗服务欠缺。从伊斯兰教义的角度出发,对这些挑战进行了批判性分析,揭示了宗教原则如何与当地习俗相结 合,并对妇女地位和福利产生影响。本研究通过对仪式和挑战的分析,旨在提供一个微妙的理解, 即如何在某些方面为开伯尔巴图克瓦省前联邦直辖部落地区的妇女提供相关服务。本研究还从伊斯兰原则的角度探讨了赋予妇女权力的潜在方法,以便为研究人员、从业人员和政策制定者提供有益的建议,促进该地区的性别平等和发展。
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引用次数: 0
CCG Promulgation and Firms' Accounting Performance: A Case of an Emerging Economy CCG的颁布与公司的会计业绩:一个新兴经济体的案例
Pub Date : 2024-02-07 DOI: 10.53762/alnasr.03.01.e02
Mr. Manssor Ahmed, Waseem Subhani (Corresponding Author), Salman Riaz
Purpose – This study examines the impact of the code of corporate governance (CCG) before and after promulgation-2002 in Pakistan. The impact of the enhanced (updated) corporate governance code on business performance is also examined in this study, both before and after the 2012 modification. Design/methodology/approach – It's a longitudinal study based on 20 years of firm observations, from 1999 to 2018, of 202 listed companies in Pakistan. This study applies a two-sample t-test to compare means of control and dependent variables before and after the promulgation and revision of the corporate governance code to evaluate the impact on firms' performance. In furtherance, regression analysis under the fixed effect model has been conducted to evaluate the impact on dependent variables, i.e., The indicators of a company's accounting success return on equity, profit margin, return on assets, return on return on capital employed, and earning per share. Findings – According to empirical studies, adopting a corporate governance code has a favorable and statistically significant impact on the company's success. The study also reveals the updated corporate governance code's positive and statistically significant effect on business performance. Research limitations/implications – This study enriches the literature on the role of the code of corporate governance firms accounting performance nexus, strengthening firms' practices. The stakeholder's protection has application to sustainable development practices in the emerging environment. Originality/value – The distinction from prior studies is examining the impact of code based on a longitudinal period of twenty years and evaluating promulgation and revision to provide evidence that either change enhances the firm performance.
目的--本研究探讨了《公司治理准则》(CCG)2002 年在巴基斯坦颁布前后的影响。本研究还考察了 2012 年修订前后的强化(更新)公司治理准则对企业绩效的影响。设计/方法/途径 - 这是一项纵向研究,基于对巴基斯坦 202 家上市公司从 1999 年到 2018 年 20 年的公司观察。本研究采用双样本 t 检验法,比较公司治理准则颁布和修订前后控制变量和因变量的均值,以评估其对公司业绩的影响。此外,还在固定效应模型下进行了回归分析,以评估对因变量(即公司会计成功的股本回报率、利润率、资产回报率、资本回报率和每股收益等指标)的影响。研究结果 - 根据实证研究,采用公司治理准则对公司的成功具有有利的、统计上显著的影响。本研究还揭示了更新后的公司治理准则对企业绩效的积极影响,且在统计学上具有显著意义。研究局限/启示 - 本研究丰富了有关公司治理准则公司会计绩效关系作用的文献,加强了公司的实践。对利益相关者的保护适用于新兴环境中的可持续发展实践。独创性/价值--与以往研究的不同之处在于,本研究以 20 年的纵向时间为基础,对准则的影响进行了研究,并对颁布和修订情况进行了评估,以提供证据证明这两种变化都能提高公司业绩。
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引用次数: 0
CCG Promulgation and Firms' Accounting Performance: A Case of an Emerging Economy CCG的颁布与公司的会计业绩:一个新兴经济体的案例
Pub Date : 2024-02-07 DOI: 10.53762/alnasr.03.01.e02
Mr. Manssor Ahmed, Waseem Subhani (Corresponding Author), Salman Riaz
Purpose – This study examines the impact of the code of corporate governance (CCG) before and after promulgation-2002 in Pakistan. The impact of the enhanced (updated) corporate governance code on business performance is also examined in this study, both before and after the 2012 modification. Design/methodology/approach – It's a longitudinal study based on 20 years of firm observations, from 1999 to 2018, of 202 listed companies in Pakistan. This study applies a two-sample t-test to compare means of control and dependent variables before and after the promulgation and revision of the corporate governance code to evaluate the impact on firms' performance. In furtherance, regression analysis under the fixed effect model has been conducted to evaluate the impact on dependent variables, i.e., The indicators of a company's accounting success return on equity, profit margin, return on assets, return on return on capital employed, and earning per share. Findings – According to empirical studies, adopting a corporate governance code has a favorable and statistically significant impact on the company's success. The study also reveals the updated corporate governance code's positive and statistically significant effect on business performance. Research limitations/implications – This study enriches the literature on the role of the code of corporate governance firms accounting performance nexus, strengthening firms' practices. The stakeholder's protection has application to sustainable development practices in the emerging environment. Originality/value – The distinction from prior studies is examining the impact of code based on a longitudinal period of twenty years and evaluating promulgation and revision to provide evidence that either change enhances the firm performance.
目的--本研究探讨了《公司治理准则》(CCG)2002 年在巴基斯坦颁布前后的影响。本研究还考察了 2012 年修订前后的强化(更新)公司治理准则对企业绩效的影响。设计/方法/途径 - 这是一项纵向研究,基于对巴基斯坦 202 家上市公司从 1999 年到 2018 年 20 年的公司观察。本研究采用双样本 t 检验法,比较公司治理准则颁布和修订前后控制变量和因变量的均值,以评估其对公司业绩的影响。此外,还在固定效应模型下进行了回归分析,以评估对因变量(即公司会计成功的股本回报率、利润率、资产回报率、资本回报率和每股收益等指标)的影响。研究结果 - 根据实证研究,采用公司治理准则对公司的成功具有有利的、统计上显著的影响。本研究还揭示了更新后的公司治理准则对企业绩效的积极影响,且在统计学上具有显著意义。研究局限/启示 - 本研究丰富了有关公司治理准则公司会计绩效关系作用的文献,加强了公司的实践。对利益相关者的保护适用于新兴环境中的可持续发展实践。独创性/价值--与以往研究的不同之处在于,本研究以 20 年的纵向时间为基础,对准则的影响进行了研究,并对颁布和修订情况进行了评估,以提供证据证明这两种变化都能提高公司业绩。
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引用次数: 0
Broken Laws, Broken Lives: When Organized Crime Shreds Human Rights 破碎的法律,破碎的生活:当有组织犯罪践踏人权
Pub Date : 2024-02-05 DOI: 10.53762/alnasr.03.01.e01
Aftab Haider, Ashraf Ali, Bushra Zeb
History is marked by its coiling snake, organized crime that continues to entwine itself around human rights choking out dignity and justice. This paper reveals the hard truth of this destructive bond, from its historical origins to its modern incarnations. Powered by poverty, poor governance and digital frontiers the criminal network uses human weaknesses as pawns in their illicit games. The fundamental rights of individuals and communities is eroded by trafficking, extortion, violence, and corruption which are their currency. Women, children and minority groups are often the victims who get trapped in forced labor, exploitation and displacement. Case studies depict a rather gloomy picture of this complex threat. The porous borders of Southeast Asia take up human trafficking, while the drugs in Latin America become a stream of violence and corruption that breaks communities and trample dignity. Not even the digital world is immune, where cybercrime and identity theft take away privacy and liberty. As the roots of this crisis are woven into a complex network of socio-economic disparities, lax legal frameworks and corrupt structures. Their effects are far-reaching, reaching deep into the society Fighting back demands a broad attack. The first steps should be strengthening the legal framework, empowering law enforcement, and addressing underlying injustices. International cooperation and creating a culture of transparency and accountability are important weapons in this war. It requires constant vigilance, relentless quest for justice and strong communities that are resilient in the face of organized crime. Only then can we escape the darkness and enter into true human rights.
有组织犯罪是一条盘踞在历史长河中的毒蛇,它不断缠绕着人权,扼杀尊严与正义。本文揭示了这一破坏性纽带从历史起源到现代演变的真相。在贫困、治理不善和数字边界的推动下,犯罪网络利用人类的弱点作为其非法游戏的棋子。贩运、勒索、暴力和腐败成为他们的货币,个人和社区的基本权利受到侵蚀。妇女、儿童和少数群体往往是受害者,他们陷入强迫劳动、剥削和流离失所的境地。案例研究描绘了这一复杂威胁的阴暗面。东南亚漏洞百出的边境贩卖人口,而拉丁美洲的毒品则成为暴力和腐败的源泉,摧毁社区,践踏尊严。就连数字世界也不能幸免,网络犯罪和身份盗窃夺走了人们的隐私和自由。这场危机的根源是由社会经济差距、松懈的法律框架和腐败结构交织成的复杂网络。它们的影响是深远的,深入到社会的各个角落。首先应加强法律框架,增强执法能力,解决潜在的不公正问题。国际合作以及创建透明和问责文化是这场战争的重要武器。面对有组织犯罪,我们需要时刻保持警惕,坚持不懈地伸张正义,建立强大的社区。只有这样,我们才能摆脱黑暗,实现真正的人权。
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引用次数: 0
Broken Laws, Broken Lives: When Organized Crime Shreds Human Rights 破碎的法律,破碎的生活:当有组织犯罪践踏人权
Pub Date : 2024-02-05 DOI: 10.53762/alnasr.03.01.e01
Aftab Haider, Ashraf Ali, Bushra Zeb
History is marked by its coiling snake, organized crime that continues to entwine itself around human rights choking out dignity and justice. This paper reveals the hard truth of this destructive bond, from its historical origins to its modern incarnations. Powered by poverty, poor governance and digital frontiers the criminal network uses human weaknesses as pawns in their illicit games. The fundamental rights of individuals and communities is eroded by trafficking, extortion, violence, and corruption which are their currency. Women, children and minority groups are often the victims who get trapped in forced labor, exploitation and displacement. Case studies depict a rather gloomy picture of this complex threat. The porous borders of Southeast Asia take up human trafficking, while the drugs in Latin America become a stream of violence and corruption that breaks communities and trample dignity. Not even the digital world is immune, where cybercrime and identity theft take away privacy and liberty. As the roots of this crisis are woven into a complex network of socio-economic disparities, lax legal frameworks and corrupt structures. Their effects are far-reaching, reaching deep into the society Fighting back demands a broad attack. The first steps should be strengthening the legal framework, empowering law enforcement, and addressing underlying injustices. International cooperation and creating a culture of transparency and accountability are important weapons in this war. It requires constant vigilance, relentless quest for justice and strong communities that are resilient in the face of organized crime. Only then can we escape the darkness and enter into true human rights.
有组织犯罪是一条盘踞在历史长河中的毒蛇,它不断缠绕着人权,扼杀尊严与正义。本文揭示了这一破坏性纽带从历史起源到现代演变的真相。在贫困、治理不善和数字边界的推动下,犯罪网络利用人类的弱点作为其非法游戏的棋子。贩运、勒索、暴力和腐败成为他们的货币,个人和社区的基本权利受到侵蚀。妇女、儿童和少数群体往往是受害者,他们陷入强迫劳动、剥削和流离失所的境地。案例研究描绘了这一复杂威胁的阴暗面。东南亚漏洞百出的边境贩卖人口,而拉丁美洲的毒品则成为暴力和腐败的源泉,摧毁社区,践踏尊严。就连数字世界也不能幸免,网络犯罪和身份盗窃夺走了人们的隐私和自由。这场危机的根源是由社会经济差距、松懈的法律框架和腐败结构交织成的复杂网络。它们的影响是深远的,深入到社会的各个角落。首先应加强法律框架,增强执法能力,解决潜在的不公正问题。国际合作以及创建透明和问责文化是这场战争的重要武器。面对有组织犯罪,我们需要时刻保持警惕,坚持不懈地伸张正义,建设强大的社区。只有这样,我们才能摆脱黑暗,实现真正的人权。
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引用次数: 0
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