American Journal of Criminal Justice最新文献

Research suggests perceptions of neighborhood social dynamics and judgments that the police follow fair procedures are strongly correlated with residents’ views of police legitimacy. The nature of these relationships is less clear, including the extent to which the association between informal neighborhood dynamics and police legitimacy is influenced by perceptions of police practice. We examined whether perceptions of procedural justice moderate the effect of collective efficacy beliefs on police legitimacy evaluations. Utilizing data from three city-level victimization surveys (N = 2,837), we found that the influence of collective efficacy beliefs on police legitimacy evaluations was moderated by judgments that the police follow fair procedures. When perceptions of procedural justice are at their mean or higher, collective efficacy beliefs are unassociated with police legitimacy. Conversely, collective efficacy beliefs have a stronger impact on legitimacy evaluations when procedural justice is low. Results suggest perceptions that police treat people fairly minimize the impact of low collective efficacy beliefs on police legitimacy evaluations.

This study examines the adult imprisonment outcomes of a cohort of serious and violent juvenile offenders released from Texas state juvenile correctional facilities during their transition from adolescence to early adulthood. We distinguish incarceration in the adult prison system as resulting from a new offense or as the result of a revocation for a technical supervision violation. Of the sample (n = 709), 37% were incarcerated in Texas’ adult prison system within two years following their release from state juvenile incarceration—16% were incarcerated for a new offense and 21% were incarcerated for revocation as a result of a technical violation of supervision. Results indicate that race, being a sexual offender, gang affiliate, engaging in violent institutional misconduct as a juvenile ward, being under supervised release, and age at initial juvenile incarceration were determinants of adult incarceration for any reason. Similar determinants of incarceration were found examining incarceration for offenders released under community supervision. Prior placements as a juvenile and gang affiliation were correlated with incarceration for a new offense. Research and policy implications are discussed.

In 2016, an estimated 107,400 veterans were incarcerated in the U.S. (Maruschak et al., 2021), comprising part of the population known as “justice-involved veterans,” veterans involved in the criminal justice system. The current study explores the influence military training had on the way justice-involved veterans “do time” in prison. In sharp contrast to the misconduct literature, which utilizes quantitative data and links variables statistically to some measurement of prison misconduct, the current study is one of the first to qualitatively explore how incarcerated veterans connect their military experiences to their adjustment to prison life by giving voice to the veterans themselves. Forty-three currently incarcerated veterans in a Midwestern state were interviewed. They described how they acclimatized to the correctional environment utilizing the discipline and adherence to structure learned during their military service. If justice-involved veterans adapt to the prison environment by relying on their military training, then it may be possible to help them further utilize that training to succeed in rehabilitation and reentry.