Pub Date : 2024-01-08DOI: 10.1080/13218719.2023.2242437
Nina Papalia, Melanie Simmons, Janet Ruffles, Benjamin Spivak, Ashley Dunne, Rachael Fullam, James R. P. Ogloff
Despite the growing population of women in Australian prisons, limited research has explored whether commonly used risk assessments – predominantly developed and tested on men – are valid for women...
{"title":"Discriminative and predictive validity of risk assessment measures for women incarcerated for serious violent offences in Australia","authors":"Nina Papalia, Melanie Simmons, Janet Ruffles, Benjamin Spivak, Ashley Dunne, Rachael Fullam, James R. P. Ogloff","doi":"10.1080/13218719.2023.2242437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13218719.2023.2242437","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the growing population of women in Australian prisons, limited research has explored whether commonly used risk assessments – predominantly developed and tested on men – are valid for women...","PeriodicalId":51553,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Psychology and Law","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139409547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.1080/13218719.2023.2243321
Christel Macdonald, Don Weatherburn
{"title":"What matters to magistrates when considering diversion into mental health treatment?","authors":"Christel Macdonald, Don Weatherburn","doi":"10.1080/13218719.2023.2243321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13218719.2023.2243321","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51553,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Psychology and Law","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135872231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-29DOI: 10.1080/13218719.2023.2222401
Abdullah Yıldız, Berna Arda
AbstractMany psychiatrists in Turkey participate in evaluating health board reports regarding gun licensing in their daily practice. There is no relevant study on the experiences of psychiatrists in this process. In addition, there is no other country where psychiatrists participate in the gun licensing process as in Turkey. In this context, the psychiatrists’ relevant experiences, their views on their roles in this process and their understanding of the ethical dimension are considered important issues. To investigate the experiences of psychiatrists, a qualitative study has been conducted. The study included 19 psychiatrists who actively participated in evaluating gun license reports. Taking part in the gun license report process for psychiatrists is a highly challenging experience professionally, morally and emotionally. Psychiatrists resort to various functional and dysfunctional strategies to address problems in this process. However, there are structural and general solutions suggested for the future.Keywords: forensic psychiatrygun licensemoral distresspreventive medicineprofessionalismpsychiatric ethicspsychiatric evaluationpsychiatrists’ lived experiencequalitative researchviolence AcknowledgmentsThis study was part of Abdullah Yıldız’s PhD dissertation, advised by Berna Arda, at Ankara University. For their help on this dissertation, we thank the other members of the dissertation committee, Ahmet Acıduman, Halise Devrimci Özgüven and Yasemin Yalım.Author contributionsAll authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by Abdullah Yıldız and Berna Arda. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Abdullah Yıldız, and Berna Arda commented on subsequent versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.DeclarationsThis study’s findings were presented in oral session at Annual Meeting and 1st International and 25th National Clinical Education Symposium of the Psychiatric Association of Turkey, 19–22 May 2022.No funds, grants, or other support were received for this study.Ethical standardsDeclaration of conflicts of interestAbdullah Yıldız has declared no conflicts of interestBerna Arda has declared no conflicts of interestEthical approvalAll procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the Ankara University Rectorate Ethics Committee (Sub-committee of Health Sciences, approval date and number 22/04/2019-164; 03/07/2020-158) and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.Informed consentInformed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study.
{"title":"Being a psychiatrist in the evaluation process of a gun license report: morally challenging experience – a qualitative study from Turkey","authors":"Abdullah Yıldız, Berna Arda","doi":"10.1080/13218719.2023.2222401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13218719.2023.2222401","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractMany psychiatrists in Turkey participate in evaluating health board reports regarding gun licensing in their daily practice. There is no relevant study on the experiences of psychiatrists in this process. In addition, there is no other country where psychiatrists participate in the gun licensing process as in Turkey. In this context, the psychiatrists’ relevant experiences, their views on their roles in this process and their understanding of the ethical dimension are considered important issues. To investigate the experiences of psychiatrists, a qualitative study has been conducted. The study included 19 psychiatrists who actively participated in evaluating gun license reports. Taking part in the gun license report process for psychiatrists is a highly challenging experience professionally, morally and emotionally. Psychiatrists resort to various functional and dysfunctional strategies to address problems in this process. However, there are structural and general solutions suggested for the future.Keywords: forensic psychiatrygun licensemoral distresspreventive medicineprofessionalismpsychiatric ethicspsychiatric evaluationpsychiatrists’ lived experiencequalitative researchviolence AcknowledgmentsThis study was part of Abdullah Yıldız’s PhD dissertation, advised by Berna Arda, at Ankara University. For their help on this dissertation, we thank the other members of the dissertation committee, Ahmet Acıduman, Halise Devrimci Özgüven and Yasemin Yalım.Author contributionsAll authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by Abdullah Yıldız and Berna Arda. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Abdullah Yıldız, and Berna Arda commented on subsequent versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.DeclarationsThis study’s findings were presented in oral session at Annual Meeting and 1st International and 25th National Clinical Education Symposium of the Psychiatric Association of Turkey, 19–22 May 2022.No funds, grants, or other support were received for this study.Ethical standardsDeclaration of conflicts of interestAbdullah Yıldız has declared no conflicts of interestBerna Arda has declared no conflicts of interestEthical approvalAll procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the Ankara University Rectorate Ethics Committee (Sub-committee of Health Sciences, approval date and number 22/04/2019-164; 03/07/2020-158) and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.Informed consentInformed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study.","PeriodicalId":51553,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Psychology and Law","volume":"27 11-12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136133843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-24DOI: 10.1080/13218719.2023.2251149
Catherine Garrington, Sally Kelty, Debra Rickwood, Douglas P. Boer
Offenders who commit sexual offences against children are progressively recognised, prosecuted, assessed and treated. As technology advances, internet child sexual abuse material (I/CAM) offences increase in pertinence to forensic assessment and treatment. A new proposal in I/CAM therapeutics, the Estimated Risk of Internet Child Sexual Offending (ERICSO) is a framework for individualised, risk-relevant treatment formulation based on identified risk factors. An international scoping review of I/CAM treatment programmes was conducted prior to elucidating our proposed treatment model for I/CAM offenders. Combining risk-relevant and compassionate therapies, we propose a treatment framework based on the risk–needs–responsivity model and relevant factors, recognising diversity of I/CAM offenders. Incorporating proven constructs in offender assessment and treatment with specific application to the I/CAM offender cohort, the ERICSO assists professionals to formulate risk-relevant, individual therapy and set meaningful goals. The delivery of compassionate therapeutic interventions to I/CAM offenders will improve rehabilitative outcomes and community protection.
{"title":"A conceptual framework for internet child abuse material offenders: risk-relevant therapy based on assessed risk factors","authors":"Catherine Garrington, Sally Kelty, Debra Rickwood, Douglas P. Boer","doi":"10.1080/13218719.2023.2251149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13218719.2023.2251149","url":null,"abstract":"Offenders who commit sexual offences against children are progressively recognised, prosecuted, assessed and treated. As technology advances, internet child sexual abuse material (I/CAM) offences increase in pertinence to forensic assessment and treatment. A new proposal in I/CAM therapeutics, the Estimated Risk of Internet Child Sexual Offending (ERICSO) is a framework for individualised, risk-relevant treatment formulation based on identified risk factors. An international scoping review of I/CAM treatment programmes was conducted prior to elucidating our proposed treatment model for I/CAM offenders. Combining risk-relevant and compassionate therapies, we propose a treatment framework based on the risk–needs–responsivity model and relevant factors, recognising diversity of I/CAM offenders. Incorporating proven constructs in offender assessment and treatment with specific application to the I/CAM offender cohort, the ERICSO assists professionals to formulate risk-relevant, individual therapy and set meaningful goals. The delivery of compassionate therapeutic interventions to I/CAM offenders will improve rehabilitative outcomes and community protection.","PeriodicalId":51553,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Psychology and Law","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135925394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-21DOI: 10.1080/13218719.2023.2242454
Glenys A. Holt, Matthew A. Palmer
AbstractWrongful conviction statistics indicate that jurors will accept confession evidence even when it was coerced or contains inconsistent information. While research has considered the role of both inconsistencies and coercion in juror decisions about retracted confessions, little attention has been given to whether juror attitudes toward coerced confessions contribute to perception of suspect guilt. Using an experimental design, we manipulated the presence of inconsistencies and coercion in a fictional confession transcript. When presented with a coerced confession, low support for coercive interrogation techniques predicted lower belief in the suspect’s guilt, unlike those with higher support for coercion who did not alter their verdicts. This indicates that the effect of coercion on perceived suspect guilt differs depending on the juror’s individual attitude towards coercion. Inconsistencies in the confession similarly influenced judgements of guilt dependent on whether the person believed that confessions could be coerced from an innocent person. Implications are discussed further.Keywords: Coercionconfession consistencyfalse confessionsjuror decisionspolice interrogationpre-trial bias Ethical standardsDeclaration of conflicts of interestGlenys A. Holt has declared no conflicts of interest.Matthew A. Palmer has declared no conflicts of interest.Ethical approvalAll procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee [University of Tasmania Social Sciences HREC, approval number: H0012662] and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.Informed consentInformed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study
[摘要]错误定罪统计表明，陪审员即使在认罪证据被胁迫或包含不一致信息的情况下也会接受认罪证据。虽然研究考虑了不一致和胁迫在陪审员对撤回供词的决定中的作用，但很少有人关注陪审员对胁迫供词的态度是否有助于对嫌疑人有罪的感知。使用实验设计，我们在虚构的供词记录中操纵了不一致和强迫的存在。当面对逼供时，对逼供审讯手段的低支持度预示着对嫌疑人有罪的信任度较低，这与那些对逼供有较高支持度但没有改变判决的人不同。这表明胁迫对嫌疑人犯罪感的影响取决于陪审员对胁迫的个人态度。供词的前后不一致同样影响有罪的判断，这取决于当事人是否认为可以从无辜者那里胁迫供词。影响将进一步讨论。关键词:强制供词一致性虚假供词陪审员决定警察审讯审前偏见道德标准利益冲突声明glenys A. Holt声明没有利益冲突。马修·a·帕尔默已经宣布没有利益冲突。伦理批准:所有涉及人类参与者的研究程序均符合机构研究委员会的伦理标准[塔斯马尼亚大学社会科学HREC，批准号:H0012662]，以及1964年赫尔辛基宣言及其后来的修正案或类似的伦理标准。知情同意从研究中包括的所有个体参与者处获得知情同意
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Pub Date : 2023-09-20DOI: 10.1080/13218719.2023.2242435
Annegrete Palu, Aire Raidvee, Valeri Murnikov, Kristjan Kask
AbstractWhile research has shown that wearing a disguise hinders lineup identifications, less is known about how to conduct lineups in cases of disguised perpetrators. We examined the influence of surgical masks, worn during a crime event (encoding) and within lineups (retrieval), on eyewitness identification accuracy. In our experiment, 452 participants watched a mock-crime video and identified the perpetrator from either a target-present or a target-absent simultaneous lineup. Contrary to expectations based on the encoding specificity principle, we did not find that matching the presence of masks in the lineup to the encoding condition increased identification accuracy. Instead, compared to the condition with no masks at encoding and retrieval, the presence of masks at either stage negatively affected discriminability and undermined the predictive utility of confidence and decision time. Our findings indicate that when a witness has encountered a masked perpetrator, presenting them with a masked lineup may not be necessary.Keywords: disguiseencoding specificity principleeyewitnessface recognitionidentification accuracylineupssurgical masks AcknowledgementsWe wish to thank Erlend Art Arras for help with creating the photo and video stimuli, Maris Soonsein and Marjaliisa Palu for editing the photo stimuli, Ats Veske and Christofer Robert Mäeumbaed for help with data collection and Kirke Kaur for help with the theoretical overview.Ethical standardsDeclaration of conflicts of interestAnnegrete Palu has declared no conflicts of interest.Aire Raidvee has declared no conflicts of interest.Valeri Murnikov has declared no conflicts of interest.Kristjan Kask has declared no conflicts of interest.Ethical approvalAll procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the Research Ethics Committee of the University of Tartu and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.Informed consentInformed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the studySupplemental dataSupplemental material is available via the ‘Supplementary’ tab on the article’s online page (https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13218719.2023.2242435).Data availability statementThe data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.Additional informationFundingThis research was partially supported by the Estonian Research Council [grant number PRG1151].
摘要虽然研究表明，伪装会阻碍指认指认，但对于如何在伪装的罪犯中指认指认，人们所知甚少。我们研究了在犯罪事件中(编码)和在队列中(检索)佩戴的外科口罩对目击者识别准确性的影响。在我们的实验中，452名参与者观看了一段模拟犯罪的视频，并从目标在场和目标不在场的同时指认出犯罪者。与基于编码特异性原则的预期相反，我们没有发现将队列中口罩的存在与编码条件相匹配会增加识别的准确性。相反，与在编码和检索中没有掩码的情况相比，在任何一个阶段，掩码的存在都会对可判别性产生负面影响，并破坏置信度和决策时间的预测效用。我们的研究结果表明，当目击证人遇到蒙面行凶者时，可能没有必要向他们展示蒙面的指认。关键字:伪装编码特异性原理目击者面部识别识别识别准确性序列外科口罩致谢我们要感谢Erlend Art Arras帮助创建照片和视频刺激，Maris Soonsein和Marjaliisa Palu编辑照片刺激，Ats Veske和Christofer Robert Mäeumbaed帮助收集数据，Kirke Kaur帮助进行理论概述。道德标准利益冲突声明annegrete Palu已经声明没有利益冲突。aiairaidvee已经宣布没有利益冲突。瓦列里·穆尔尼科夫宣布没有利益冲突。克里斯蒂安·卡斯克宣布没有利益冲突。在涉及人类参与者的研究中执行的所有程序都符合塔尔图大学研究伦理委员会的伦理标准和1964年赫尔辛基宣言及其后来的修正案或类似的伦理标准。本研究已获得所有参与者的知情同意。补充数据补充资料可通过文章在线页面的“补充”选项卡获得(https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13218719.2023.2242435).Data可用性声明)。支持本研究结果的数据可根据要求从通讯作者处获得。本研究得到了爱沙尼亚研究委员会的部分资助[资助号PRG1151]。
{"title":"The effect of surgical masks on identification decisions from masked and unmasked lineups","authors":"Annegrete Palu, Aire Raidvee, Valeri Murnikov, Kristjan Kask","doi":"10.1080/13218719.2023.2242435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13218719.2023.2242435","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractWhile research has shown that wearing a disguise hinders lineup identifications, less is known about how to conduct lineups in cases of disguised perpetrators. We examined the influence of surgical masks, worn during a crime event (encoding) and within lineups (retrieval), on eyewitness identification accuracy. In our experiment, 452 participants watched a mock-crime video and identified the perpetrator from either a target-present or a target-absent simultaneous lineup. Contrary to expectations based on the encoding specificity principle, we did not find that matching the presence of masks in the lineup to the encoding condition increased identification accuracy. Instead, compared to the condition with no masks at encoding and retrieval, the presence of masks at either stage negatively affected discriminability and undermined the predictive utility of confidence and decision time. Our findings indicate that when a witness has encountered a masked perpetrator, presenting them with a masked lineup may not be necessary.Keywords: disguiseencoding specificity principleeyewitnessface recognitionidentification accuracylineupssurgical masks AcknowledgementsWe wish to thank Erlend Art Arras for help with creating the photo and video stimuli, Maris Soonsein and Marjaliisa Palu for editing the photo stimuli, Ats Veske and Christofer Robert Mäeumbaed for help with data collection and Kirke Kaur for help with the theoretical overview.Ethical standardsDeclaration of conflicts of interestAnnegrete Palu has declared no conflicts of interest.Aire Raidvee has declared no conflicts of interest.Valeri Murnikov has declared no conflicts of interest.Kristjan Kask has declared no conflicts of interest.Ethical approvalAll procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the Research Ethics Committee of the University of Tartu and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.Informed consentInformed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the studySupplemental dataSupplemental material is available via the ‘Supplementary’ tab on the article’s online page (https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13218719.2023.2242435).Data availability statementThe data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.Additional informationFundingThis research was partially supported by the Estonian Research Council [grant number PRG1151].","PeriodicalId":51553,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Psychology and Law","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136264758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-19DOI: 10.1080/13218719.2023.2243297
Yvette Maker, Bernadette McSherry
There is a developing body of research indicating that individual and population-based mental health is affected by a range of ‘social determinants’. Discrimination, poverty, inadequate access to housing and education as well as exposure to violence, conflict and disaster have all been associated with poor mental health and mental illness. International human rights treaties identify many of the social determinants of mental health as matters of human rights. However, limited attention has been paid to the connection between social determinants and the right to enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of mental health. This paper explores the potential for incorporating elements of both social determinants and human rights approaches to provide a new framework for mental health research, policy and practice. While acknowledging potential challenges, it identifies advantages to collaborating across disciplinary boundaries. The social determinants approach provides a foundation for understanding the interconnectedness of rights and draws attention to individual and collective needs, while a human rights approach can help identify the measures that are required to secure the social determinants of good mental health and wellbeing.
{"title":"Human rights and the social determinants of mental health: fostering interdisciplinary research collaboration","authors":"Yvette Maker, Bernadette McSherry","doi":"10.1080/13218719.2023.2243297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13218719.2023.2243297","url":null,"abstract":"There is a developing body of research indicating that individual and population-based mental health is affected by a range of ‘social determinants’. Discrimination, poverty, inadequate access to housing and education as well as exposure to violence, conflict and disaster have all been associated with poor mental health and mental illness. International human rights treaties identify many of the social determinants of mental health as matters of human rights. However, limited attention has been paid to the connection between social determinants and the right to enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of mental health. This paper explores the potential for incorporating elements of both social determinants and human rights approaches to provide a new framework for mental health research, policy and practice. While acknowledging potential challenges, it identifies advantages to collaborating across disciplinary boundaries. The social determinants approach provides a foundation for understanding the interconnectedness of rights and draws attention to individual and collective needs, while a human rights approach can help identify the measures that are required to secure the social determinants of good mental health and wellbeing.","PeriodicalId":51553,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Psychology and Law","volume":"322 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135015960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We examined the Devil’s Advocate lie detection method which is aimed at detecting lying about opinions. In this approach, participants give reasons for why they hold an opinion in the eliciting-opinion question and counter-arguments to their opinion in a devil’s advocate question. Truth tellers (n = 55) reported their true opinion about protestor actions, whereas lie tellers (n = 55) reported the opposite of their true opinion. Answers were coded for number of arguments and plausibility, immediacy, clarity and scriptedness. Data were analysed with analyses of variance with veracity being the sole factor. Supporting the hypothesis, truth tellers provided more pro-arguments than lie tellers and to all eliciting-opinion questions their answers sounded more plausible, immediate and clear than lie tellers’ answers. The opposite pattern was predicted for the devil’s advocate question but not found, likely caused by the simplification of the question. Neither was being scripted a diagnostic veracity indicator.
{"title":"All mouth and trousers? Use of the Devil’s Advocate questioning protocol to determine authenticity of opinions about protester actions","authors":"Samantha Mann, Aldert Vrij, Haneen Deeb, Sharon Leal","doi":"10.1080/13218719.2023.2242433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13218719.2023.2242433","url":null,"abstract":"We examined the Devil’s Advocate lie detection method which is aimed at detecting lying about opinions. In this approach, participants give reasons for why they hold an opinion in the eliciting-opinion question and counter-arguments to their opinion in a devil’s advocate question. Truth tellers (n = 55) reported their true opinion about protestor actions, whereas lie tellers (n = 55) reported the opposite of their true opinion. Answers were coded for number of arguments and plausibility, immediacy, clarity and scriptedness. Data were analysed with analyses of variance with veracity being the sole factor. Supporting the hypothesis, truth tellers provided more pro-arguments than lie tellers and to all eliciting-opinion questions their answers sounded more plausible, immediate and clear than lie tellers’ answers. The opposite pattern was predicted for the devil’s advocate question but not found, likely caused by the simplification of the question. Neither was being scripted a diagnostic veracity indicator.","PeriodicalId":51553,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Psychology and Law","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135063508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-03DOI: 10.1080/13218719.2023.2242441
Kris Gledhill
Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Ethical standards Declaration of conflicts of interestKris Gledhill has declared no conflicts of interest.Ethical approvalThis article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.
{"title":"Towards Human Rights Compliance in Australian Prisons <b>Towards Human Rights Compliance in Australian Prisons</b> , by Anita Mackay, Canberra: ANU Press, November 2020, 368pp, AU$60 or Free Download, ISBN 9781760464004 (print), ISBN 9781760464011 (online)","authors":"Kris Gledhill","doi":"10.1080/13218719.2023.2242441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13218719.2023.2242441","url":null,"abstract":"Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Ethical standards Declaration of conflicts of interestKris Gledhill has declared no conflicts of interest.Ethical approvalThis article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.","PeriodicalId":51553,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Psychology and Law","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134948611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-02eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1080/13218719.2023.2206869
Meredith Allison, Sandy Jung, Scott E Culhane
Inconsistent alibis often are viewed negatively, but they may be due to simple mistakes and not deception. The strength of alibi evidence also matters; alibis supported by strong corroborative physical evidence are more believable than alibis with no physical evidence. The timing at which the alibi is disclosed to the prosecution also can affect alibi believability. Two hundred and seventy online participants evaluated a consistent or inconsistent alibi that had corroborative physical evidence or not, and was disclosed early or late. Collapsing across the three conditions, more participants voted guilty than not guilty, and more believable alibis were associated with more not guilty verdicts. Consistent alibis were more believable, and the defendant was viewed more positively on five character traits than when the alibi was inconsistent. There were few effects of alibi timing. In sum, consistency led to positive views of alibis and defendants.
{"title":"The effect of alibi consistency, presence of physical evidence and timing of disclosure on mock juror perceptions.","authors":"Meredith Allison, Sandy Jung, Scott E Culhane","doi":"10.1080/13218719.2023.2206869","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13218719.2023.2206869","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inconsistent alibis often are viewed negatively, but they may be due to simple mistakes and not deception. The strength of alibi evidence also matters; alibis supported by strong corroborative physical evidence are more believable than alibis with no physical evidence. The timing at which the alibi is disclosed to the prosecution also can affect alibi believability. Two hundred and seventy online participants evaluated a consistent or inconsistent alibi that had corroborative physical evidence or not, and was disclosed early or late. Collapsing across the three conditions, more participants voted guilty than not guilty, and more believable alibis were associated with more not guilty verdicts. Consistent alibis were more believable, and the defendant was viewed more positively on five character traits than when the alibi was inconsistent. There were few effects of alibi timing. In sum, consistency led to positive views of alibis and defendants.</p>","PeriodicalId":51553,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Psychology and Law","volume":" ","pages":"659-670"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11580147/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48114940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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