Journal of Global Infectious Diseases最新文献

Purple urine bag syndrome (PUBS) is an unusual manifestation of urinary tract infection, characterized by purple discoloration of urine. Due to its rarity, it can be challenging for some physicians to manage it properly. In addition, its striking appearance can cause concern to some patients. This condition usually occurs in the debilitated geriatric population with prolonged use of an indwelling urinary catheter. However, our case highlights the development of PUBS in a young adult with a relatively short period of urinary catheterization.

Introduction: Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common childhood infectious disease, caused by enteroviruses (EVs) which can present with typical or atypical lesions. Although the disease is self-limiting, it can also lead to serious complications. In the era of polio eradication, it is important to understand the population dynamics of enteroviruses causing HFMD as one of the circulating strains may become dominant.

Methods: It was a collaborative study carried out in the Department of Dermatology and Microbiology of a tertiary care teaching hospital. The throat swabs were collected from 132 suspected HFMD cases. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to detect the presence of pan enteroviruses, followed by genotype-specific PCR targeting Human Enterovirus 71 (HEV-71) and Coxsackie virus A16 (CVA-16) and CVA-6 for pan Enterovirus-positive samples. Follow-up samples were collected from 14 children in the 2^nd week and subjected to molecular testing to detect enteroviruses.

Results: Among 132 children suspected to have HFMD, 44 were girls and 88 were boys, and the majority of them 76.5% (101/132) were under 2 years of age. A history of exposure to a similar clinical presentation was present in 15 children. Of 132 suspected cases, 60 samples (45.5%) were positive for pan Enterovirus. The predominantly circulating genotype was found to be CVA-6 (31.6% [19/60]). There were about 10 cases (16.6%) which had co-infection with both HEV71 and CVA-6. Rash with fever was the most common presentation (57%). In most of the cases with HEV 71, 92.3% (12/13) presented within 3 days of illness to the health-care facility. Of 60 positive cases, 25% (15/60) of children had the atypical distribution of rashes in the face, trunk, genitalia, thigh, neck, and axilla and 16.7% of children (10/60) had the atypical type of lesion either only papular lesions or erythema multiforme. Out of 14 follow-up samples, 13 were negative for EVs; one was positive for pan EV in the 2^nd week, however, the patient lost to follow-up after that.

Conclusion: HFMD outbreaks in our region were caused by various genotypes of enteroviruses. No severe complications were seen in the affected children. Nearly 30% had atypical presentation either in the form of lesion or site. Robust molecular epidemiological surveillance of HFMD is required to know the strain variations and other emerging genotypes in our setup.

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is a Gram-positive bacillus, a zoonotic pathogen rarely causing human infections ranging from localized skin infections to invasive infections such as endocarditis. In this report, we present two cases of Erysipelothrix bacteremia. The first case is a native valve tricuspid endocarditis, which is a highly unusual valve to be involved. The second case is bacteremia, probably secondary to a minor skin breach, which did not involve heart valves. Erysipelothrix bacteremia is considered highly associated with infective endocarditis and a high mortality rate, which could be a bias due to underreporting of Erysipelothrix bacteremia without endocarditis. Erysipelothrix is intrinsically resistant to vancomycin, the first-line agent for Gram-positive bacteremia. Both the patients in this report were treated successfully with ceftriaxone.

A 37-year-old male presented with left-sided hydropneumothorax. After drainage of fluid and air from the pleural cavity, chest radiograph and computed tomography of chest showed characteristic radiological image of ruptured hydatid cyst. The diagnosis was supported by positive echinococcal serology.

Introduction: There are limited data available on the long-term presence of SARS-CoV-2-specific binding antibodies and neutralizing antibodies in circulation among the elderly population. This study aims to examine levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in vaccines who have completed at least 6 months since the second vaccine dose. A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2021 to January 2022 among 199 vaccines aged 60 years and above residing in Belagavi city, who received two doses of the Covishield vaccine.

Methods: Antibody response to SARS-COV-2 virus whole cell antigen was measured by a kit COVID KAWACH IgG Micro LISA (J Mitra and Company, India) in 199 participants who had completed at least 6 months after receiving the second dose of Covishield vaccine. The antibody response was measured as a ratio of optical density (OD) in the participant's sample to the mean OD in negative control test by normal (T/N). Independent Kruskal-Wallis test was applied to test the difference between the T/N ratio by months of vaccination since the second dose and by the age group strata.

Results: The median T/N values among participants who completed 6, 7, 8, and 9 months since the second vaccine dose were 14.17, 10.46, 7.93, and 5.11, respectively, and this decline in T/N values was statistically significant. Antibody response values showed a decline with increasing age for participants in the age strata 60-69, 70-79, and 80 and above, respectively.

Conclusions: A significant decline was observed in antibody response over 9 months supporting the administration of booster dose of vaccine.