Journal of Global Infectious Diseases最新文献

Introduction: Limited studies have investigated the seroprevalence of dengue viruses (DENVs) in Nigeria. Furthermore, there is no active surveillance program in place. Consequently, this study sought to determine the seroprevalence of DENV in relevant studies published in all six geopolitical zones in Nigeria.

Methods: The scoping review was carried out using the Arksey and O'Malley framework. Twelve electronic databases were searched for relevant articles using a predesigned search strategy consisting of Mesh terms and Boolean search operators "AND" "OR."

Results: Out of a total of 2646 articles, 21 met the inclusion criteria. The results showed a high prevalence of dengue in Nigeria. The southeast and northwest zones had a prevalence of 70.8% and 64.8%, respectively. There was heterogeneity in the reviewed studies, in which enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used in 80%. Two studies used polymerase chain reaction and the detected serotypes were DENV 1 and DENV 2. The use of more than one laboratory method for the detection of DENV showed high sensitivity and specificity.

Conclusion: Based on the above findings, it is deduced that dengue is hyperendemic in Nigeria, but there is no uniform data, only a few laboratory-backed seroprevalences are available in some parts of the country. Given this, it is advocated that there is a need for the public health authorities in Nigeria in collaboration with partners to establish a surveillance program to plan prevention and control efforts. It will also give evidence about the need to make vaccines available to especially those at higher risk.

Introduction: Cervical cancer is strongly associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. In this retrospective study, we analyzed the data of individuals who were tested for HPV at Binhaiwan Central Hospital in Dongguan.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 73,149 participants who underwent HPV examination at Binhaiwan Central Hospital in Dongguan. All participants were tested for HPV genotypes. We subsequently analyzed the infection rate and evaluated the distribution of HPV using the Chi-square test.

Results: The results suggest that the five most common HPV infection genotypes for men in the Dongguan area are different from those for women. The five most common high-risk HPV infections in women were the HPV52, 16, 58, 53, and 68 genotypes, whereas the five most common genotypes in men were HPV52, 16, 51, 58, and 39. The highest HPV infection positivity rate for female patients (31.68%) was in the 31-40 year age group, whereas the highest HPV infection positivity rate for male patients (40.47%) was in the 21-30 year age group.

Conclusions: These findings provide a theoretical basis for epidemiological investigations, clinical prevention, and treatment of HPV infection and HPV vaccination in the region. The results could provide valuable information for healthcare professionals and policymakers to develop targeted prevention and screening strategies for reducing the burden of HPV-related diseases in this population.

Introduction: The timely collection and dissemination of public health surveillance data is crucial in infectious disease outbreak control. Traditional methods of collecting surveillance data through telephone interviews aimed at source and contact tracing can be vulnerable during an epidemic with rapidly increasing cases. To address this, we introduced a digital questionnaire that allowed for the timely retrieval of essential surveillance data.

Methods: This study evaluates the response rate and timeliness of the collection of surveillance data from COVID-19-positive individuals using this method and compares the demographic characteristics of responders and non-responders.

Results: The study involved 3240 individuals who tested positive on the COVID-19 laboratory test and were sent a digital questionnaire. Results show that a majority responded the same day (>80%), making it noninferior to conventional (telephonic) COVID-19 surveillance data collection in terms of speed.

Conclusion: Our collection method yields responses from all genders, ages, and socioeconomic groups, including individuals with and without a history of COVID-19, and those tested by both the Public Health Service and third-party test sites. This allows personnel to focus on other priorities such as delivering health education and outbreak management. However, this method has limitations: it is ineffective for individuals without an email address, those facing language barriers, and cases where employers provided their own email addresses instead of the individual's email address. Future research into the quality of the answers provided in a digital questionnaire and its use in surveillance data collection for other infectious diseases is necessary.

Peripheral blood smear examinations are routinely performed as the first investigation to diagnose malaria. Various malarial forms such as Schizonts, ring forms (trophozoites), and gametocytes are seen in the patient's peripheral blood smears. Here, we report a sporadic case of a male patient in his early twenties who presented with dual infection with trophozoites and schizonts of Plasmodium vivax, trophozoites of Plasmodium falciparum, and multiple exflagellated microgametes of P. vivax in the peripheral blood smear examination. Identifying the exflagellated form of P. vivax is challenging due to its similarity with other hemoparasites. Exflagellation is very unusual during the developmental phase in the intermediate hosts such as humans, so exflagellated form should be reported correctly and promptly to receive appropriate treatment and prevent parasite transmission.

Introduction: Pap smear is a universally accepted screening test for early diagnosis of premalignant and malignant cervical lesions. Most studies show inflammation as the most common finding in Pap screening. Cervical infections frequently lead to inflammation and pose significant clinical implications due to their potential to manifest as infertility, pelvic inflammatory disease, and pregnancy-related complications such as chorioamnionitis.

Methods: A prospective analysis of 3230 cervical liquid-based cytology smears collected during January 2017 to June 2018 was undertaken to identify prevalent infection types in cervical smears in a North Indian population catered at tertiary care hospital.

Results: A total of 2303 (71.3%) cases screened were in the age group of 21-40 years with a median age of 35.7 years. Totally 25.1% of cases had infection, of which the most common was bacterial vaginosis (BV) (58.07%), followed by Candida (20.34%), human papillomavirus-related changes (11.34%), and Trichomonas vaginalis (9.5%). Rare cases of herpes simplex virus, tuberculosis, and microfilaria were also reported. A total of 24 (5.09%) cases of BV had coexistent low-grade squamous intra-epithelial lesion as compared to 447 (94.9%) cases with BV alone (odds ratio = 0.77; 95% confidence interval: 0.4949-1.1877; P = 0.2342), suggesting an association between the two; however, it was insignificant.

Conclusion: Cervical cancer screening program for early detection of cervical neoplasia has efficiently led to a significant reduction in the incidence of cervical cancer worldwide. Notably, early detection and treatment of infectious lesions in cervix have also helped in reducing complications related to various infections. BV is recognized as the most common vaginal infection, and its association with cervical preneoplasia, as shown by recent studies, is being viewed as a possible etiology behind cervical neoplasia and needs to be explored through further research.

Introduction: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) affect approximately more than 1 million people around the world. Specific populations are more predisposed to diseases caused by poor access to health care, especially sexual health. This is the case for Indigenous people and other traditional communities around the globe. This work aimed to evaluate the prevalence of some STIs in traditional quilombola communities in the northern region of Brazil.

Methods: A cross-sectional and prospective study was carried out from March 2021 to March 2022 of quilombola women from 5 communities. A questionnaire was applied to collect sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical information. A gynecological examination was performed to collect cervical cells for oncotic cytology and to detect the agents through polymerase chain reaction analysis.

Results: Almost half of the women (48.3%) had at least one sexually transmitted agent. Human papillomavirus (HPV) was the most observed (P < 0.05). There were differences in the prevalence of STIs between the quilombola communities, and the type of women's profession was also influenced (P = 0.022 and P = 0.027, respectively). Lower monthly income was associated with greater STI infection as well as the reproductive life cycle (P = 0.043 and P = 0.026, respectively). Nonmenopausal women had a higher prevalence of STIs than those in menopause.

Conclusions: Almost half of the quilombola women had at least one sexually transmitted agent. HPV infection was the most common. The location of the Quilombola community and women's profession was associated with the prevalence of STIs. Low monthly income and not being in menopause were associated with a higher prevalence of STIs.

¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) has been used previously for the diagnosis of sepsis of unknown focus and pyrexia of unknown origin. Its use in the diagnosis of pyomyositis has not been fully explored. Pyomyositis was found to be an important cause of sepsis, but its cause has not been fully elucidated in previous studies exploring the role of PET. We studied the role of whole-body ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT in the diagnosis and management of 10 patients with suspected multifocal pyomyositis. In our study, we were able to find a distant focus in 7 out of 10 patients, which led to changes in treatment and outcome.

Introduction: Spontaneous venous thrombosis (SVT) in patients with dengue fever (DF) is a rare and complex phenomenon. The coexistence of thrombosis and hemorrhagic tendencies due to thrombocytopenia and dengue hemorrhagic fever complicates management decisions. This systematic review aims to analyze the etiology, clinical presentation, management strategies, and outcomes reported in the English literature for such cases.

Methods: A comprehensive search of PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Clinical Key, and Google Scholar databases was conducted up to October 31, 2024. Studies reporting SVT in DF were included, and data on demographics, diagnostic methods, treatment modalities, complications, and outcomes were extracted. This review adheres to Cochrane collaboration guidelines and follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 statement.

Results: Fifteen studies comprising 19 patients met the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 43.26 years, with a median onset of SVT occurring 6 days after fever onset. Majority (57.8%, 11/19) presented with thrombocytopenia (<52,000/mm³), and 57.8% (11/19) received subcutaneous low-molecular-weight heparin. Despite complexities, all patients survived without major bleeding complications.

Conclusion: SVT in DF highlights the potential coexistence of thrombotic and hemorrhagic states. A standardized approach with anticoagulation appears effective in managing these challenging cases.

Mycotic aortic aneurysms (MAAs) are infective aneurysms that are associated with catastrophic outcomes if not diagnosed and treated on time. Less than 3% of all aortic aneurysms are mycotic and are mostly seen in the abdominal aorta. Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are the most common causative organisms for MAAs. Salmonella species commonly cause infection in humans and occasionally result in serious complications, like mycotic aneurysms. Salmonella, Typhimurium (serogroup B), Enteritidis (serogroup D), and Choleraesuis (serogroup C) are the most common strains found to be associated with MAA. We present the first case of mycotic aneurysm likely secondary to Salmonella Kentucky infection.