Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging最新文献

Historiography is a vital perspective of our scientific literature that charts the evolution of scientific publishing, from its early origins to the present status. The key transformations including the shift from a limited self-published legacy to specialized and professional peer-reviewed journals, the impact of technological advancements, and the emergence of new profitable business models are learning points for the future course and couture. Science is pursued and persevered by real humans in social and cultural contexts and not in isolation of laboratories or clinics. Survival of the impartial pure scientific bent of mind and its translation into tangible works has not been easy through the turmoil of various forms of force majeure. The lack of gender parity and even its divergence in some ways was palpable in the discourse of scientific research. Despite that, when provided with a common platform with comparable impact factors and rates of publications, gender inequality seems to vanish and equivalence in academia is discernible. The roles of authors, publishers, and readers have also evolved chronologically, adapting to the influence of cultural and disciplinary factors through the ages. The challenges of predatory publishing, open access, plagiarism, and data capitalization are also growing alongside. Ultimately, understanding the historical context and persistence of the predecessors in the course of scientific publishing can enhance modern scientific research and communication.

Journal indexes are indicators toward the quality of a journal. Authors, researchers, and the audience need some criteria to judge which literature they need to read or which journal they need to send their article to. Journal indexes help the respective groups to make this decision. From Index Medicus to Web of Science, journal indexes use different criteria to judge the quality of a journal or an article. Figures like impact factor and CiteScore also rank journals and articles based on various criteria so that the audience and authors can make their pick. Author indices like h-index and ResearchGate score aid in comparing scientific work done by authors and researchers. Indexes of journals, publications, and authors therefore offer a classification of medical literature from which the best can be chosen depending on the requirements in their respective fields.

It is being increasingly recognized that the strategic use of artificial intelligence (AI) can catalyze the process of manuscript writing. However, it is imperative that we recognize the hidden biases, pitfalls, and disadvantages of relying solely on AI, such as accuracy concerns and the potential erosion of nuanced human insight. With an emphasis on crafting effective prompts and inputs, this article reveals how to navigate the labyrinth of AI capabilities to create a good-quality manuscript. It also addresses the evolving guidelines from various publishers, shedding light on how to "leverage the digital genie" responsibly and ethically. We further explore how and which AI tools can be harnessed for literature reviews, executing statistical analyses, and polishing the language of the manuscript. Providing practical strategies for maximizing AI's benefits, this article underscores the indispensable value of human creativity and critical thinking, stressing that while AI can "streamline the mundane," the author's insight remains vital for profound intellectual contributions.

Objective  The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of utilizing vacuum-assisted excision (VAE) for the management of B3 lesions and to determine the rate of malignant upgrades. Materials and Methods  This observational study was conducted at Surrey and Sussex NHS Healthcare Redhill. All patients with B3 histology on core biopsy from October 2019 to October 2022 were included in the study. The upgrades in both the B3 group with atypia and the B3 group without atypia were examined in terms of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), invasive status, and grade. The data obtained were analyzed using the SPSS version 21. Results  About 65% of the participants in the present study have B3 lesions in their left breast and 43% of the participants have lesions located in the upper inner area of the breast. The majority of the participants in the study had B3 lesions without atypia (75%). In 70 participants, VAE was performed. Out of 70 participants, only 15 had lesion upgrade after VAE (21.4%). Post-VAE follow-up planning was discussed in multidisciplinary team as per the National Health Service breast screening guidelines. Conclusion  The utilization of VAE is a viable alternative strategy for the treatment of B3 lesions, resulting in a decrease in the necessity for invasive surgical interventions. This observational study shows the efficacy of a less invasive procedure in replacement of a surgical procedure producing optimal long-term benefit and less side effects.

Artificial intelligence (AI) in radiology and medical science is finding increasing applications with annotations being an integral part of AI development. While annotation may be perceived as passive work of labeling a certain anatomy, the radiologist plays a more important role in this task apart from marking the structures needed. Apart from annotation, more important aspect of their role is planning the anatomies/pathologies needed, type of annotations to be done, choice of the annotation tool, training the annotators, planning the duration of annotation, etc. A close interaction with the technical team is a key factor in the success of the annotations. The quality check of both the internally and externally annotated data, creating a team of good annotators, training them, and periodically reviewing the quality of data become an integral part of their work. Documentation related to the annotation work is another important area where the clinician plays an integral role to comply with the Food and Drug Administration requirements, focused on a clinically explainable and validated AI algorithms. Thus, the clinician becomes an integral part in the ideation, design, implementation/execution of annotations, and its quality control. This article summarizes the experiences gained during planning and executing the annotations for multiple annotation projects involving various imaging modalities with different pathologies.

Objectives  The aim of this study is to evaluate computed tomography texture analysis (CTTA) on multiphase CT scans for distinguishing clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) from non-ccRCC and predicting Fuhrman's grade in ccRCC using open-source Python libraries. Materials and Methods  Conducted retrospectively, the study included 144 patients with RCCs (108 ccRCCs and 36 non-ccRCCs) who underwent preoperative multiphasic CT. Ninety ccRCCs were categorized into 71 low-grade and 19 high-grade ccRCCs. Tumor was marked on the largest axial tumor slice using "LabelMe" across different CT phases. First- and second-order texture features were computed using Python's scipy, numpy, and opencv libraries. Multivariable logistic regression analysis and machine learning (ML) models were used to evaluate CTTA parameters from different CT phases for RCC classification. The best ML model for distinguishing ccRCC and non-ccRCC was externally validated using data from the 2019 Kidney and Kidney Tumor Segmentation Challenge. Results  Entropy in the corticomedullary (CM) phase was the best individual parameter for distinguishing ccRCC from non-ccRCC with (F1 score: 0.83). The support vector machine (SVM) based ML model, incorporating CM phase features, performed the best, with an F1 score of 0.87. External validation for the same model yielded an accuracy of 0.82 and an F1 score of 0.81. ML models and individual texture parameters showed less accuracy for classifying low- versus high-grade ccRCCs, with a maximum F1 score of 0.76 for the CM phase SVM model. Other CT phases yielded inferior results for both classification tasks. Conclusion  CTTA employing open-source Python tools is a viable tool for differentiating ccRCCs from non-ccRCCs and predicting ccRCC grade.

Percutaneous C-arm-guided diagnostic or therapeutic vertebral intervention has advantages of real-time monitoring of needle progression in vertebrae in craniocaudal or caudocranial angulation. To minimize the complications of nerve root or spinal cord damage, stepwise methodical intervention is pertinent. In this technical report, we demonstrate the seven golden steps for a safe and effective C-arm-guided vertebral intervention.

Introduction  Femoral pseudoaneurysm is one of the common complications following femoral artery catheterization. It poses a significant morbidity and a nonsurgical technique with the utmost low complication risk is warranted. Various methods have been used to treat these pseudoaneurysms including manual compression, ultrasound-guided compression, and percutaneous injection of thrombin or glue. Various novel methods are also being used to treat the pseudoaneurysms, including angioseal closure device, vascular plugs, etc. Cirrhosis poses a separate challenge with deranged coagulation and hyperfibrinolysis, making traditional methods, which are dependent on patients' coagulation cascade, less effective. Materials and Methods  We used a novel technique to treat the complicated femoral pseudoaneurysm using a suture-mediated closure device, Perclose ProGlide system (Abbott Vascular, California, United States). The transaneurysmal approach was used in seven patients. All the patients had acute or chronic liver disease with deranged coagulation. Six patients had femoral arterial access for angiographic procedure while one had a femoral line for intensive care unit monitoring. Compression was done in all the patients, but failed. Percutaneous injection of thrombin was done in two patients. Results  Technical success was achieved in 7/7 (100%) patients. There was instantaneous thrombosis of the pseudoaneurysm, which was confirmed the next day by ultrasound. There were no procedure-related complications. Conclusion  Transaneurysmal closure of the femoral pseudoaneurysm using suture-mediated closure device is a novel and effective, minimally invasive bedside technique that can be used in patients with deranged coagulation.

Introduction  Pharyngeal and laryngeal carcinomas, included under head and neck cancers, pose a significant challenge in India, accounting for around one-third of all cancer cases. Noninvasive techniques like contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) and CT perfusion (CTp) can help explore the correlation between tumor differentiations, which can greatly benefit in the diagnosis, understanding of recurrence postintervention, and monitoring of the progress of the disease. Materials and Methods  A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted for a duration of 18 months in a tertiary care center of northeast India with a sample of 40 patients. CECT and CTp were done and the variables were correlated with pathological differentiation of tumors. Results  The mean age of the study population was 54 years. No statistically significant associations were noted between the age, size, margins, location, and T-staging of tumors with the pathological differentiation of tumors. However, significant association was found between the CTp parameters, namely blood flow (BF), blood volume, mean transit time, time to drain, and time to peak with respect to the pathological differentiation of tumors ( p  < 0.05). Conclusion  The addition of CTp to conventional CT sequences in the evaluation of pharyngeal and laryngeal cancers offers significant benefits in understanding the tumor physiology and behavior.