Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging最新文献

The International Radiology Forum at the AOCR 2025 discussed the need for sustainability practices in medical imaging and "Green Radiology" for planet earth. The participating societies were invited to submit written reports detailing the current situation in their country or region. The International Radiology Forum is designed to discuss hot topics in the profession of radiology among various international societies. At the International Radiology Forum 2025, environmental impact of medical imaging was discussed and several ideas were proposed to achieve sustainability in medical imaging including training and education regarding green radiology, technology and innovation with utilization of AI, policy formulation and implementation, and the improvisation of hospital infrastructure to achieve a limited carbon footprint.

The Asian Oceanian Radiology Forum at the AOCR 2025 discussed the key challenges in clinical radiology practice. The participating societies were invited to submit their report addressing the current situation in their country or region. The session also focussed on identifying common bottlenecks and possible solutions including financial sustainability, expansion of training and inclusion of articial intelligence (AI).

Cloacal malformations are a rare and complex group of anomalies resulting from faulty or incomplete separation of female genitourinary and anorectal systems. These encompass a wide spectrum of anomalies with varied clinical features, radiological imaging findings, and surgical management. They are frequently associated with spinal, cardiac, and respiratory tract abnormalities. Multidisciplinary teamwork is essential for achieving the best possible outcome in these patients. This article aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of cloacal malformations with review of current literature and discussion of relevant embryology, highlighting various classification systems and describing the role of imaging in diagnosis and preoperative planning, along with insights into management and surgical options.

Background: Cardiomyopathy (CMP) related heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of disability and death. Using novel cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI), late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) is detected as an imaging marker of myocardial fibrosis. Over the last few years there is increased percentage of ischemia related heart failure, subjecting patients to invasive catheter angiography for detection of coronary artery disease (CAD). This study evaluates the role of Dual energy cardiac computed tomography (DECT) as a one-step modality to diagnose coronary artery disease and myocardial fibrosis in a single step investigation.

Purpose: The aim of the study is to assess the diagnostic performance of DECT in the evaluation of myocardial delayed enhancement (MDE) with LGE MRI as the standard of reference.

Materials and methods: Thirty patients of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (<40%) who were diagnosed with myocardial scar (LGE) on CMRI underwent DECT coronary angiography and delayed scan at 8 to 10 minutes for assessment of MDE, mainly assessing the coronary vascular status and the pattern of MDE detection. The MDE images (virtual monochromatic [VM] and iodine density maps) were compared with the LGE images, with LGE as the gold standard.

Results: The diagnostic accuracy of iodine density map and VM images as compared with LGE in CMRI is 76 and 66%, respectively ( p  < 0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of virtual monochromatic images as compared with iodine density maps is 86.96 and 100%, respectively, with a kappa value of 0.757 consistent with the statistically significant result.

Conclusion: DECT angiography with MDE is a robust investigation to detect coronary artery disease and myocardial fibrosis in the same sitting with comparable performance when compared with CMRI-derived LGE imaging.

Objective  This study aims to establish local diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) for contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) abdomen and pelvis scans in adult patients within the Mangalore region, emphasizing variations in radiation dose metrics across body mass index (BMI) categories. Materials and Methods  A prospective multicenter study was conducted across five health care facilities and analyzed data from 500 patients (18-60 years) undergoing multiphase CECT abdomen and pelvis scans. CT dose descriptors, volumetric CT dose index (CTDIvol), and dose length product (DLP) were recorded separately for plain, arterial, and portovenous phases. Descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, and correlation analyses assessed dose variations across BMI categories. Results  The 75th percentile CTDIvol and DLP values for the plain phase were 8.30 mGy and 460.50 mGy·cm, respectively. Significant variations in radiation dose indices were observed across BMI groups ( p  < 0.001). CTDIvol for the plain phase increased from 7.42 ± 1.41 mGy in underweight individuals to 8.41 ± 1.21 mGy in overweight individuals. Corresponding DLP values ranged from 400.00 to 450.55 mGy·cm. Conclusion  The study established DRLs at the 75th percentile, demonstrating lower radiation doses than national and international benchmarks. These results highlight the significance of optimizing doses according to BMI to improve patient safety and the quality of diagnoses.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1800802.].

A systematic approach to statistical analysis is essential for accurate data interpretation and informed decision-making in the rapidly evolving field of radiology. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamental statistical concepts for radiologists and clinicians. The first part of this series introduces foundational elements such as data types, distributions, descriptive and inferential statistics, hypothesis testing, and sampling methods. These are crucial for understanding the underlying structure of research data. The second part of this series delves deeper into advanced topics, including correlation and causality, regression analysis, survival curves, and the analysis of diagnostic tests using contingency tables and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves. These tools are vital for evaluating the efficacy of imaging techniques and drawing valid conclusions from clinical studies. As radiology continues to push the boundaries of technology and therapeutic interventions, mastering these statistical principles will empower radiologists to critically assess literature, conduct rigorous research, and contribute to evidence-based practices. Despite the pivotal role of statistics in radiology, formal training in these methodologies is still limited to a certain extent. This primer aims to bridge that gap, providing radiologists with the necessary tools to enhance diagnostic accuracy, optimize patient outcomes, and advance the field through robust research.

Evidence-based medicine integrates clinical research, personal expertise, and patient values. The most robust forms of clinical evidence, such as randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and prospective studies, provide the strongest support for medical decision-making. RCTs are vital in radiology for evaluating new imaging technologies, contrast agents, and therapeutic procedures, despite challenges in translating preclinical findings to clinical practice. This guide discusses the history, principles, methodologies, and applications of RCTs in radiology, highlighting their role in advancing the field and supporting evidence-based practice.

Upholding the highest standards of publication ethics is critical for ensuring the integrity of scholarly work, maintaining public trust, and advancing knowledge responsibly in academia. Plagiarism, defined as intellectual theft, is a significant ethical issue that undermines these principles. There are many forms of plagiarism, including direct, self, mosaic, and accidental plagiarism. Plagiarism is prevalent across the globe, but the problem is worse in developing countries due to numerous factors, such as social and economic conditions and lack of knowledge. The digital age has further exacerbated the situation, as easy access to artificial intelligence and online content facilitates plagiarism. To combat this problem, it is essential to recognize the importance of originality and the consequences of plagiarism, including damage to one's professional reputation, legal repercussions, and loss of credibility and trust. Educational institutions and publishers can play a crucial role in promoting a culture of fairness by implementing clear guidelines, providing training on ethical research practices, and enforcing strict consequences for violations. By encouraging an environment that values honesty, transparency, and respect for intellectual property, the academic community can uphold high ethical standards and contribute to the evolution of knowledge with integrity.