Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.21741/9781644903131-48
Jiakuan Zhou
Abstract. The quality of fusion-bonded parts relies on the development of intimate contact at first and followed by healing, where the former as a prerequisite highly dominates the consolidation and the mechanical performance of final parts. In this paper, the degree of intimate contact of continuously welded unidirectional glass fiber reinforced polypropylene tapes was investigated. Classic Lee & Springer model for theoretical estimation of intimate contact was considered in the present study. For this purpose, a relatively robust regime to extract the data inputs like surface parameters, viscosity, etc. was proposed and demonstrated clearly. Consequently, the degree of intimate contact can be plotted as a function of time. Furthermore, the degree of intimate contact was also characterized by cross-sectional microscopy, ultrasonic C-scan, and optical analysis on the delaminated surfaces. The experimentally measured results show good agreement with the theoretically predicted counterparts.
摘要熔融粘接部件的质量取决于最初的亲密接触和随后的愈合，其中前者作为先决条件在很大程度上决定了最终部件的固结和机械性能。本文研究了连续焊接单向玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯带的亲密接触程度。本研究采用经典的 Lee & Springer 模型对亲密接触进行理论估算。为此，提出了一个相对稳健的机制来提取表面参数、粘度等数据输入，并进行了清晰的演示。因此，亲密接触程度可以绘制成时间函数图。此外，分层表面的亲密接触程度还通过横截面显微镜、超声波 C 扫描和光学分析进行了表征。实验测量结果与理论预测结果显示出良好的一致性。
{"title":"Estimation of intimate contact of the fusion-bonded fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites","authors":"Jiakuan Zhou","doi":"10.21741/9781644903131-48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903131-48","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The quality of fusion-bonded parts relies on the development of intimate contact at first and followed by healing, where the former as a prerequisite highly dominates the consolidation and the mechanical performance of final parts. In this paper, the degree of intimate contact of continuously welded unidirectional glass fiber reinforced polypropylene tapes was investigated. Classic Lee & Springer model for theoretical estimation of intimate contact was considered in the present study. For this purpose, a relatively robust regime to extract the data inputs like surface parameters, viscosity, etc. was proposed and demonstrated clearly. Consequently, the degree of intimate contact can be plotted as a function of time. Furthermore, the degree of intimate contact was also characterized by cross-sectional microscopy, ultrasonic C-scan, and optical analysis on the delaminated surfaces. The experimentally measured results show good agreement with the theoretically predicted counterparts.","PeriodicalId":515987,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Proceedings","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140976527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.21741/9781644903131-119
Luca Corallo
Abstract. Despite the experimental evidence of the effect of loading direction on the inclination of necking bands in uniaxial tension, theoretical and numerical studies are mainly devoted to isotropic materials. Recently, theoretical, numerical, and experimental works have put into evidence the key role of the material anisotropy on the formation of localized necking bands. In particular, Cazacu and Rodriguez (2019) [1] provided analytical expressions for the orientations of the necking bands that develop under uniaxial tension in flat specimens . It was shown that there is a switch in the orientation of main necking band from acute to obtuse, which is correlated with the anisotropy in yield stresses. In this paper, we conduct a FE study on virtual materials with the same anisotropy in Lankford coefficients but different anisotropy in yield stresses. We show that, although both materials have a very slight anisotropy in yield stresses, it strongly affects the localization behavior.
{"title":"Numerical assessment of the role of anisotropy on strain localization in uniaxial tension","authors":"Luca Corallo","doi":"10.21741/9781644903131-119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903131-119","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Despite the experimental evidence of the effect of loading direction on the inclination of necking bands in uniaxial tension, theoretical and numerical studies are mainly devoted to isotropic materials. Recently, theoretical, numerical, and experimental works have put into evidence the key role of the material anisotropy on the formation of localized necking bands. In particular, Cazacu and Rodriguez (2019) [1] provided analytical expressions for the orientations of the necking bands that develop under uniaxial tension in flat specimens . It was shown that there is a switch in the orientation of main necking band from acute to obtuse, which is correlated with the anisotropy in yield stresses. In this paper, we conduct a FE study on virtual materials with the same anisotropy in Lankford coefficients but different anisotropy in yield stresses. We show that, although both materials have a very slight anisotropy in yield stresses, it strongly affects the localization behavior.","PeriodicalId":515987,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Proceedings","volume":"135 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140977182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.21741/9781644903131-220
Achraf Fersi
Abstract. During machining, the friction between the tool and the workpiece (cutting face and flank face) is a significant tribological phenomenon because it strongly influences the cutting operation. Indeed, higher friction leads to an increase of cutting forces, a greater heat generation, a premature tool wear and a surface degradation. This study focuses on tool (WC/Co)/workpiece (Ti-6Al-4V) friction under different cooling conditions (dry, emulsion, cryogenic). Determining the friction coefficient requires numerical simulations to separate the tribological phenomena. For this purpose, several modeling methods are compared (Lagrangian, CEL, and ALE). Experimental tests revealed that the friction coefficient depends not only on the sliding velocity but also on lubrication modes. Specifically, the lowest friction coefficient is obtained under cryogenic condition. Adhesive phenomena on the WC/Co pin are observed in the friction zone, particularly at high sliding velocities.
{"title":"Identification of friction coefficient between uncoated carbide tool and Ti-6Al-4V alloy under different lubrication conditions","authors":"Achraf Fersi","doi":"10.21741/9781644903131-220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903131-220","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. During machining, the friction between the tool and the workpiece (cutting face and flank face) is a significant tribological phenomenon because it strongly influences the cutting operation. Indeed, higher friction leads to an increase of cutting forces, a greater heat generation, a premature tool wear and a surface degradation. This study focuses on tool (WC/Co)/workpiece (Ti-6Al-4V) friction under different cooling conditions (dry, emulsion, cryogenic). Determining the friction coefficient requires numerical simulations to separate the tribological phenomena. For this purpose, several modeling methods are compared (Lagrangian, CEL, and ALE). Experimental tests revealed that the friction coefficient depends not only on the sliding velocity but also on lubrication modes. Specifically, the lowest friction coefficient is obtained under cryogenic condition. Adhesive phenomena on the WC/Co pin are observed in the friction zone, particularly at high sliding velocities.","PeriodicalId":515987,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Proceedings","volume":"118 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140978072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.21741/9781644903131-180
T. Borgert
Abstract. Reducing the weight of vehicles can significantly lower the energy or fuel consumed and thus the emissions during operation. One possibility to assess this is the use of a property adapted multi-material systems containing high strength steel, light metals like aluminium or magnesium and fibre reinforced plastics. While expanding the number of materials used new challenges arise for the production and furthermore the joining technology to manufacture the vehicle made of the multi-material systems. One approach to overcome these challenges is to use innovative and adaptable joining techniques which allows the manufacturing of joints of different material combinations. Extensive research activities on the two stage thermo-mechanical joining process with adaptable joining elements was able to demonstrate the great potentials in terms of joining dissimilar materials with good strength. The previously kinematic and path-based fabrication of auxiliary joining elements is modified in this publication to a form-based approach with a perspective of establishing an efficient process chain using easily and cheaply available rods. Based on the new approach to produce the auxiliary joining elements, it can be demonstrated that a reproducible production of the geometry is possible for the investigated steel as well as aluminium material.
{"title":"Form-based manufacturing of aluminium and steel auxiliary joining elements as the basis for an efficient joining operation","authors":"T. Borgert","doi":"10.21741/9781644903131-180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903131-180","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Reducing the weight of vehicles can significantly lower the energy or fuel consumed and thus the emissions during operation. One possibility to assess this is the use of a property adapted multi-material systems containing high strength steel, light metals like aluminium or magnesium and fibre reinforced plastics. While expanding the number of materials used new challenges arise for the production and furthermore the joining technology to manufacture the vehicle made of the multi-material systems. One approach to overcome these challenges is to use innovative and adaptable joining techniques which allows the manufacturing of joints of different material combinations. Extensive research activities on the two stage thermo-mechanical joining process with adaptable joining elements was able to demonstrate the great potentials in terms of joining dissimilar materials with good strength. The previously kinematic and path-based fabrication of auxiliary joining elements is modified in this publication to a form-based approach with a perspective of establishing an efficient process chain using easily and cheaply available rods. Based on the new approach to produce the auxiliary joining elements, it can be demonstrated that a reproducible production of the geometry is possible for the investigated steel as well as aluminium material.","PeriodicalId":515987,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Proceedings","volume":"120 28","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140977366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.21741/9781644903131-291
Jixiang Li
Abstract. The present work dedicated in the elongational behavior of multilayer polymer nanocomposites. CNTs were enclosed in a polypropylene with linear chain structure (PPC) and then co-extruded with another polypropylene (PPH) with long chain branching (LCB). By forced assembly, multilayer films with layer thickness from micro to nano were fabricated and the elongational rheology test was then conducted with the extension vertical to the film extrusion direction. Due to the LCB inside PPH, all multilayer films showed obvious strain hardening behavior despite linear PPC is a strain softening polymer. When the layer numbers were fewer, namely, the layer thickness was higher than the length of the CNTs, the strain hardening behavior of nanocomposite films was close to the multilayer system with neat polymers. With the layer numbers increasing, the layer thickness became lower than the length of the CNTs and the strain hardening behavior of nanocomposite films increased dramatically compared to the multilayer system with neat polymers. The reason for this kind behavior was because of the better orientation of CNTs via layer confinement when layer numbers increased, which thus making the strain hardening more significant.
{"title":"Rheological behavior of nanofillers enclosed multilayer systems under elongational flows: From microlayers to nanolayers","authors":"Jixiang Li","doi":"10.21741/9781644903131-291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903131-291","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The present work dedicated in the elongational behavior of multilayer polymer nanocomposites. CNTs were enclosed in a polypropylene with linear chain structure (PPC) and then co-extruded with another polypropylene (PPH) with long chain branching (LCB). By forced assembly, multilayer films with layer thickness from micro to nano were fabricated and the elongational rheology test was then conducted with the extension vertical to the film extrusion direction. Due to the LCB inside PPH, all multilayer films showed obvious strain hardening behavior despite linear PPC is a strain softening polymer. When the layer numbers were fewer, namely, the layer thickness was higher than the length of the CNTs, the strain hardening behavior of nanocomposite films was close to the multilayer system with neat polymers. With the layer numbers increasing, the layer thickness became lower than the length of the CNTs and the strain hardening behavior of nanocomposite films increased dramatically compared to the multilayer system with neat polymers. The reason for this kind behavior was because of the better orientation of CNTs via layer confinement when layer numbers increased, which thus making the strain hardening more significant.","PeriodicalId":515987,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Proceedings","volume":"140 50","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140976787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.21741/9781644903131-75
S. Bocchi
Abstract. In recent years, the development of Friction Stir Extrusion (FSE) simulation models becomes crucial for gaining a deeper understanding of its underlying physics. Concurrently, there is a demand for precise control over the microstructure evolution of aluminum alloy extruded profiles, given its substantial impact on mechanical properties. Despite this, the relationship between process parameters and the evolution of grain structure remains insufficiently understood. In this context, a Lagrangian approach was established to simulate the FSE process, utilizing the commercial software DEFORM™ 3D. This research involved the investigation of the impact of various process parameters, such as rotational and descent tool speeds, on the occurrence of bonding phenomena, while considering both thermal and stress conditions. Furthermore, an innovative model originally developed for traditionally extruded components was implemented in a customized Fortran post-processing routine to investigate and predict the recrystallization behavior in the FSE of AA6061 aluminum alloy.
{"title":"Prediction of the microstructure evolution during the friction stir extrusion of a AA6061 aluminum alloy","authors":"S. Bocchi","doi":"10.21741/9781644903131-75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903131-75","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. In recent years, the development of Friction Stir Extrusion (FSE) simulation models becomes crucial for gaining a deeper understanding of its underlying physics. Concurrently, there is a demand for precise control over the microstructure evolution of aluminum alloy extruded profiles, given its substantial impact on mechanical properties. Despite this, the relationship between process parameters and the evolution of grain structure remains insufficiently understood. In this context, a Lagrangian approach was established to simulate the FSE process, utilizing the commercial software DEFORM™ 3D. This research involved the investigation of the impact of various process parameters, such as rotational and descent tool speeds, on the occurrence of bonding phenomena, while considering both thermal and stress conditions. Furthermore, an innovative model originally developed for traditionally extruded components was implemented in a customized Fortran post-processing routine to investigate and predict the recrystallization behavior in the FSE of AA6061 aluminum alloy.","PeriodicalId":515987,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Proceedings","volume":"123 32","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140977661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.21741/9781644903131-144
E. García Gil
Abstract. In this paper the hot forming of Super Cr 13 seamless tubes during push bench elongator process is analyzed by means of laboratory experimental study and Finite Element simulation. The objective is to understand the effect of the industrial process parameters on the tube quality and the risk of damage appearance. The results of a hot tensile test campaign have been used to characterize rheological behavior of the material under the hot working conditions, and for determining the critical constants for several damage laws: Latham & Cockcroft. Finally, a Finite Element Model, FEM, of the Push Bench Elongator process have been implemented and the effect of rollers geometry and friction coefficient on tube quality and damage appearance have been addressed.
{"title":"Study on the influence of process parameters on the damage appearance during the push bench elongator process of super Cr13 tubes","authors":"E. García Gil","doi":"10.21741/9781644903131-144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903131-144","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. In this paper the hot forming of Super Cr 13 seamless tubes during push bench elongator process is analyzed by means of laboratory experimental study and Finite Element simulation. The objective is to understand the effect of the industrial process parameters on the tube quality and the risk of damage appearance. The results of a hot tensile test campaign have been used to characterize rheological behavior of the material under the hot working conditions, and for determining the critical constants for several damage laws: Latham & Cockcroft. Finally, a Finite Element Model, FEM, of the Push Bench Elongator process have been implemented and the effect of rollers geometry and friction coefficient on tube quality and damage appearance have been addressed.","PeriodicalId":515987,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Proceedings","volume":"16 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140976554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.21741/9781644903131-164
Valentin DUARTE ROCHA
Abstract. Single point incremental forming (SPIF) is a modern rapid manufacturing technology able to manufacturing complex sheet parts in small quantities. In comparison to conventional deep-drawing process, complex tools can be dispensed in order to reduce tool costs and the time required to achieve the first finished part. This new technology consists of locally and iteratively deforming plastically the sheet material by a punch that is generally hemispherical and of small dimensions, whose trajectory is programmed on a numerically controlled machine or a robot arm. The parts formed are mainly made from metallic materials (steel, aluminum, titanium or copper alloys). Very few studies focus on the incremental forming of thermoplastic parts. Because of the poor formability of thermoplastic parts and the large spring-back at room temperature, the use of heating systems of the work-piece during the forming process is required. In this work, a novel incremental sheet forming assisted by heat transfer was developed to improve the formability of thermoplastic sheet. By means of a series of experimental forming of High Impact Polystyrene pyramid frustum with constant wall angle at different heat temperatures, geometric accuracy was recorded and analyzed. This study aims to evaluate the behavior of polymer material in the hot incremental sheet forming with different pre-heating system using the finite element method.
{"title":"Optimization of the heating parameters of a robotized hot incremental forming of high impact polystyrene","authors":"Valentin DUARTE ROCHA","doi":"10.21741/9781644903131-164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903131-164","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Single point incremental forming (SPIF) is a modern rapid manufacturing technology able to manufacturing complex sheet parts in small quantities. In comparison to conventional deep-drawing process, complex tools can be dispensed in order to reduce tool costs and the time required to achieve the first finished part. This new technology consists of locally and iteratively deforming plastically the sheet material by a punch that is generally hemispherical and of small dimensions, whose trajectory is programmed on a numerically controlled machine or a robot arm. The parts formed are mainly made from metallic materials (steel, aluminum, titanium or copper alloys). Very few studies focus on the incremental forming of thermoplastic parts. Because of the poor formability of thermoplastic parts and the large spring-back at room temperature, the use of heating systems of the work-piece during the forming process is required. In this work, a novel incremental sheet forming assisted by heat transfer was developed to improve the formability of thermoplastic sheet. By means of a series of experimental forming of High Impact Polystyrene pyramid frustum with constant wall angle at different heat temperatures, geometric accuracy was recorded and analyzed. This study aims to evaluate the behavior of polymer material in the hot incremental sheet forming with different pre-heating system using the finite element method.","PeriodicalId":515987,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Proceedings","volume":"20 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140971634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.21741/9781644903131-270
L. Santo
Abstract. Shape memory polymer (SMP) foams have the potential to be used in space application for self-deployable structures and actuators. For this reason, shape recovery tests have been performed in microgravity, but these foams have been never manufactured in space, because of experimentation costs and flight opportunities. Some foams have been manufactured on-Earth in a random positioning machine (RPM) and a large diameter centrifuge (LDC) under different conditions with the aim of understating if the gravity can play a role during foaming. Foams have been characterized by 3D micro-Computed Tomography (micro-CT) and the effect of the foaming condition on the foam structure is discussed in this study. For the first time, it has been observed that SMP epoxy foams produced by solid state foaming present open porosity with a negligible contribution of closed pores. Moreover, it is confirmed that SSF foams is minimally affected by the gravity conditions apart the contribution of the gravity vector on the heat transfer conditions during foaming.
{"title":"Manufacturing of shape memory foams in hypergravity and simulated microgravity","authors":"L. Santo","doi":"10.21741/9781644903131-270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903131-270","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Shape memory polymer (SMP) foams have the potential to be used in space application for self-deployable structures and actuators. For this reason, shape recovery tests have been performed in microgravity, but these foams have been never manufactured in space, because of experimentation costs and flight opportunities. Some foams have been manufactured on-Earth in a random positioning machine (RPM) and a large diameter centrifuge (LDC) under different conditions with the aim of understating if the gravity can play a role during foaming. Foams have been characterized by 3D micro-Computed Tomography (micro-CT) and the effect of the foaming condition on the foam structure is discussed in this study. For the first time, it has been observed that SMP epoxy foams produced by solid state foaming present open porosity with a negligible contribution of closed pores. Moreover, it is confirmed that SSF foams is minimally affected by the gravity conditions apart the contribution of the gravity vector on the heat transfer conditions during foaming.","PeriodicalId":515987,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Proceedings","volume":"55 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140975160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.21741/9781644903131-77
M. Negendank
Abstract. In this study the effect of ball milling processing on the mechanical properties of extruded aluminum-graphene-composites was investigated. A commercial and a self-synthesized graphene source was applied respectively. It was found that rods of extruded high speed ball milled (HSBM) materials showed bad surface quality with massive cracks. The extrusion loads in indirect extrusion were 100% higher for HSBM material compared to material that was ball milled at lower rotation speed (LSBM). Investigations of mechanical properties revealed that for HSBM material TYS was increased 92% and UTS 118% compared to LSBM. Microhardness was also found to increase by up to 210% for HSBM material containing 1% graphene. However, since pure aluminum processed under same conditions also featured a drastic increase in hardness of 167%, it can be concluded that work hardening of the pure aluminum matrix seems to be the main strengthening mechanism. Furthermore, graphene agglomerates could be found locally in all extruded samples.
{"title":"Effect of ball milling processing on mechanical properties of extruded aluminum-graphene-composites with commercial and self-synthesized graphene sources","authors":"M. Negendank","doi":"10.21741/9781644903131-77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903131-77","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. In this study the effect of ball milling processing on the mechanical properties of extruded aluminum-graphene-composites was investigated. A commercial and a self-synthesized graphene source was applied respectively. It was found that rods of extruded high speed ball milled (HSBM) materials showed bad surface quality with massive cracks. The extrusion loads in indirect extrusion were 100% higher for HSBM material compared to material that was ball milled at lower rotation speed (LSBM). Investigations of mechanical properties revealed that for HSBM material TYS was increased 92% and UTS 118% compared to LSBM. Microhardness was also found to increase by up to 210% for HSBM material containing 1% graphene. However, since pure aluminum processed under same conditions also featured a drastic increase in hardness of 167%, it can be concluded that work hardening of the pure aluminum matrix seems to be the main strengthening mechanism. Furthermore, graphene agglomerates could be found locally in all extruded samples.","PeriodicalId":515987,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Proceedings","volume":"53 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140975188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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