Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.21741/9781644903131-9
H. DARDAEI JOGHAN
Abstract. The tool tempering method is used to manufacture the functionally graded components. In the manufactured combined tool, one side was enhanced with cooling channels to perform the press hardening process, and the other side of the tool included heating cartridges to practice warm forming. Hybrid additive laminated tooling is used to manufacture the combined tool in a short time, while conventional subtracting methods, such as milling, are costly and time-consuming. Initially, the cooling rate and the heat transfer coefficient of the laser metal deposited area by Ferro55 powder are determined. Also, functionally graded components are manufactured in which, on one side, the 22MnB5 sheets are press-hardened, whereas, on the other side, the blanks were warm formed at different elevated temperatures (150°C, 250°C, 350°C). The results show that besides the concept validation, the cooling rate on the press hardening side is higher than 27 K/s, and hardness values up to ca. 480 HV10 were achieved, while, in the wall of the formed part on the heating side, the hardness is below 300 HV10.
{"title":"Realization of functionally graded components with an optimized hybrid additive laminated tooling method","authors":"H. DARDAEI JOGHAN","doi":"10.21741/9781644903131-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903131-9","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The tool tempering method is used to manufacture the functionally graded components. In the manufactured combined tool, one side was enhanced with cooling channels to perform the press hardening process, and the other side of the tool included heating cartridges to practice warm forming. Hybrid additive laminated tooling is used to manufacture the combined tool in a short time, while conventional subtracting methods, such as milling, are costly and time-consuming. Initially, the cooling rate and the heat transfer coefficient of the laser metal deposited area by Ferro55 powder are determined. Also, functionally graded components are manufactured in which, on one side, the 22MnB5 sheets are press-hardened, whereas, on the other side, the blanks were warm formed at different elevated temperatures (150°C, 250°C, 350°C). The results show that besides the concept validation, the cooling rate on the press hardening side is higher than 27 K/s, and hardness values up to ca. 480 HV10 were achieved, while, in the wall of the formed part on the heating side, the hardness is below 300 HV10.","PeriodicalId":515987,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Proceedings","volume":"68 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140971770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.21741/9781644903131-111
Sho Sato
Abstract. 5000 series aluminum (Al) alloy sheets are increasingly applied to press forming products, such as components used in railroad vehicles and some automobiles, due to their advantages of high specific strength and good corrosion resistance. However, in press forming processes, forming defects, such as failure and wrinkles, often appear. Therefore, it is essential to understand the formability of sheet materials under various stress states and to design appropriate processes to prevent forming-defects occurrence. To evaluate occurrence of failure under various strain states, a Forming Limit Diagram (FLD) is widely used. Although the effects of texture and work-hardening behavior of materials on FLD have been widely studied, their experimental validations are not sufficient. In this study, A5052-O and -H32 Al alloy sheets, which have similar texture and show different work-hardening behavior, are used to investigate the effect of work hardening on the FLD. In the FLDs obtained experimentally, the limit strain under plane-strain tension was larger in the A5052-O sheet with larger work hardening than that of the A5052-H32 sheet with smaller work hardening, whereas that under equibiaxial tension was similar in the two sheets. These trends were reproduced qualitatively well by crystal-plasticity forming limit analyses. The mechanism that yielded these trends were discussed using the simulation results.
{"title":"Crystal plasticity-based forming limit analysis for two types of 5052 aluminum alloy sheets with different heat treatment conditions","authors":"Sho Sato","doi":"10.21741/9781644903131-111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903131-111","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. 5000 series aluminum (Al) alloy sheets are increasingly applied to press forming products, such as components used in railroad vehicles and some automobiles, due to their advantages of high specific strength and good corrosion resistance. However, in press forming processes, forming defects, such as failure and wrinkles, often appear. Therefore, it is essential to understand the formability of sheet materials under various stress states and to design appropriate processes to prevent forming-defects occurrence. To evaluate occurrence of failure under various strain states, a Forming Limit Diagram (FLD) is widely used. Although the effects of texture and work-hardening behavior of materials on FLD have been widely studied, their experimental validations are not sufficient. In this study, A5052-O and -H32 Al alloy sheets, which have similar texture and show different work-hardening behavior, are used to investigate the effect of work hardening on the FLD. In the FLDs obtained experimentally, the limit strain under plane-strain tension was larger in the A5052-O sheet with larger work hardening than that of the A5052-H32 sheet with smaller work hardening, whereas that under equibiaxial tension was similar in the two sheets. These trends were reproduced qualitatively well by crystal-plasticity forming limit analyses. The mechanism that yielded these trends were discussed using the simulation results.","PeriodicalId":515987,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Proceedings","volume":"142 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140976498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.21741/9781644903131-275
Hotaka Tozuka
Abstract. A twin-roll cast Mg-9mass%Al-1 mass%Zn-2mass%Sn alloy was used for the purpose of fabricating for wrought magnesium alloy which can be bent in the room temperature. An appropriate solution annealing time was found in order to reduce beta phase precipitation, which may cause cracking without coarsening of crystal grain size while for improving cold formability of twin-roll cast Mg-9mass%Al-1 mass%Zn-2 mass%Sn alloy. After solution heat treatment of the twin-roll casting of the material, repeated bending by three rolls of the solution heat treated strip was performed in order to examine of bendability of the materials. It has been clarified that repeatedly bending and reverse bending after solution heat treatment were effective for improving formability of the Mg-9mass%Al-1 mass%Zn-2 mass% Sn alloy at room temperature.
{"title":"Improving room temperature formability of twin-roll cast Mg-Al-Zn-Sn alloy by repeated bending","authors":"Hotaka Tozuka","doi":"10.21741/9781644903131-275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903131-275","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. A twin-roll cast Mg-9mass%Al-1 mass%Zn-2mass%Sn alloy was used for the purpose of fabricating for wrought magnesium alloy which can be bent in the room temperature. An appropriate solution annealing time was found in order to reduce beta phase precipitation, which may cause cracking without coarsening of crystal grain size while for improving cold formability of twin-roll cast Mg-9mass%Al-1 mass%Zn-2 mass%Sn alloy. After solution heat treatment of the twin-roll casting of the material, repeated bending by three rolls of the solution heat treated strip was performed in order to examine of bendability of the materials. It has been clarified that repeatedly bending and reverse bending after solution heat treatment were effective for improving formability of the Mg-9mass%Al-1 mass%Zn-2 mass% Sn alloy at room temperature.","PeriodicalId":515987,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Proceedings","volume":"138 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140977012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.21741/9781644903131-172
Marcos BORREGO-PUCHE
Abstract. The flanging of metal sheets is extensively used in the automotive and aeronautical industries to provide rigidity or support for subsequent assembly. Flanging by rubber pad forming is one of the most common processes for small and medium batch production. Flanges with non-linear bending lines are exposed to severe conditions that significantly hinder our comprehension of the geometrical, material, and process factors associated with flange formability (i.e., flangeability). This work presents a numerical study of the flanging process by a tailored rubber pad of hollow AA7075-O parts with continuous concave and convex flanges. The flangeability limits, the geometric capabilities of the forming process, and the deformation mechanisms of stretched and shrunk flanges as well as in the transition zone between them are analysed.
{"title":"Numerical analysis of flanging using tailored rubber pad forming on AA7075-O sheets","authors":"Marcos BORREGO-PUCHE","doi":"10.21741/9781644903131-172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903131-172","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The flanging of metal sheets is extensively used in the automotive and aeronautical industries to provide rigidity or support for subsequent assembly. Flanging by rubber pad forming is one of the most common processes for small and medium batch production. Flanges with non-linear bending lines are exposed to severe conditions that significantly hinder our comprehension of the geometrical, material, and process factors associated with flange formability (i.e., flangeability). This work presents a numerical study of the flanging process by a tailored rubber pad of hollow AA7075-O parts with continuous concave and convex flanges. The flangeability limits, the geometric capabilities of the forming process, and the deformation mechanisms of stretched and shrunk flanges as well as in the transition zone between them are analysed.","PeriodicalId":515987,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Proceedings","volume":"20 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140974518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.21741/9781644903131-60
Bastian Schäfer
Abstract. The friction behavior of engineering textiles directly affects the forming quality during composite molding processes. In forming tests of dry engineering textiles large relative slip between plies and the tools is observed. The resulting tangential contact stresses influence the material’s membrane stresses, which in turn impact the fabric’s deformation and potentially lead to forming defects such as gapping or ruptures of the textile. The characterization of friction is commonly conducted via relative motion between a fabric ply and either another fabric ply (ply-ply) or a tool (tool-ply) under controlled transverse pressure. The resulting behavior of a textile reinforcement depends on the mesoscopic structure of its unit cell and the material of its constituents. In this work, the tangential friction behavior at interfaces between ply and tooling and between plies of a unidirectional and a bidirectional non-crimp fabric are investigated in sled pull-over-tests. The behavior is analyzed with respect to the applied normal forces, the relative velocity and the relative fiber orientation. A generally rate-independent behavior is observed. Tool-ply friction is only slightly affected by the applied pressure, while ply-ply friction is strongly influenced by the stitching pattern at the contact interface.
{"title":"Investigation of the friction behavior of uni- and bidirectional non-crimp fabrics","authors":"Bastian Schäfer","doi":"10.21741/9781644903131-60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903131-60","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The friction behavior of engineering textiles directly affects the forming quality during composite molding processes. In forming tests of dry engineering textiles large relative slip between plies and the tools is observed. The resulting tangential contact stresses influence the material’s membrane stresses, which in turn impact the fabric’s deformation and potentially lead to forming defects such as gapping or ruptures of the textile. The characterization of friction is commonly conducted via relative motion between a fabric ply and either another fabric ply (ply-ply) or a tool (tool-ply) under controlled transverse pressure. The resulting behavior of a textile reinforcement depends on the mesoscopic structure of its unit cell and the material of its constituents. In this work, the tangential friction behavior at interfaces between ply and tooling and between plies of a unidirectional and a bidirectional non-crimp fabric are investigated in sled pull-over-tests. The behavior is analyzed with respect to the applied normal forces, the relative velocity and the relative fiber orientation. A generally rate-independent behavior is observed. Tool-ply friction is only slightly affected by the applied pressure, while ply-ply friction is strongly influenced by the stitching pattern at the contact interface.","PeriodicalId":515987,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Proceedings","volume":"43 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140974836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.21741/9781644903131-49
Dominic R. Palubiski
Abstract. Forming is a high-risk operation as the deformation of precursors, such as preforms or prepregs, is difficult to control. Aiming at de-risking manufacturing and improving processing logistics, a new forming concept is presented involving pre-structuring, i.e. producing fully cured flat structure with integrated formable hinge regions, and assembly, where the part is given the targeted shape using localised forming in the hinge regions. Such a technique becomes feasible if (a) the hinges are produced with the aid of covalent adaptive networks (CANs, cross-linked polymers that can flow when heated above a certain temperature), (b) the excess fibre length (that can occur in the process of forming) is incorporated at the pre-structuring stage. Hence, we pursue an idea of multi-matrix continuously-reinforced composites (MMCRC) with embedded fibre path features, where the main body of composites structure is produced with a conventional epoxy matrix and the hinged areas are produced with reformable CANs. The current paper explores the potential and limitations of this technology in manufacturing trials. It is demonstrated that the presented concept can yield high quality solutions. It is highlighted that an improved manufacturing procedure using specially designed and portable machinery would enable application of the MMCRC technology in the field, facilitating repair and efficient transportation.
{"title":"Composite forming post-manufacture: reducing complexity and de-risking manufacture","authors":"Dominic R. Palubiski","doi":"10.21741/9781644903131-49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903131-49","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Forming is a high-risk operation as the deformation of precursors, such as preforms or prepregs, is difficult to control. Aiming at de-risking manufacturing and improving processing logistics, a new forming concept is presented involving pre-structuring, i.e. producing fully cured flat structure with integrated formable hinge regions, and assembly, where the part is given the targeted shape using localised forming in the hinge regions. Such a technique becomes feasible if (a) the hinges are produced with the aid of covalent adaptive networks (CANs, cross-linked polymers that can flow when heated above a certain temperature), (b) the excess fibre length (that can occur in the process of forming) is incorporated at the pre-structuring stage. Hence, we pursue an idea of multi-matrix continuously-reinforced composites (MMCRC) with embedded fibre path features, where the main body of composites structure is produced with a conventional epoxy matrix and the hinged areas are produced with reformable CANs. The current paper explores the potential and limitations of this technology in manufacturing trials. It is demonstrated that the presented concept can yield high quality solutions. It is highlighted that an improved manufacturing procedure using specially designed and portable machinery would enable application of the MMCRC technology in the field, facilitating repair and efficient transportation.","PeriodicalId":515987,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Proceedings","volume":"63 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140973618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.21741/9781644903131-55
Renan MIRANDA PORTELA
Abstract. Shear-tension coupling of engineering fabric is one of the most important behaviors during the draping phase of liquid composite molding (LCM) processes, including wet compression molding (WCM), which occurs with the infiltrated fabric and, in some cases, with the use of a stabilizing binder. In the present study, the membrane behavior of an impregnated and binder-stabilized uni-directional carbon fiber non-crimp fabric was characterized by performing off-axis tension tests. These tests allow the investigation of the influence of stabilizing binder, fluid viscosity and loading rate on the fabric membrane behavior. As result of these experimental tests, an increase in membrane force is noticed when the stabilizing binder is activated, attributed to a greater shear stiffness. Additionally, a decrease in forces is observed for impregnated fabric compared to dry textiles caused by a lubrication layer between fiber tows. The study provides a better understanding of the membrane behavior of the impregnated and binder-stabilized UD-NCF, which is relevant for a potential high-volume production process.
{"title":"Influence of viscosity, binder activation, and loading rate on the membrane response of an infiltrated UD-NCF","authors":"Renan MIRANDA PORTELA","doi":"10.21741/9781644903131-55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903131-55","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Shear-tension coupling of engineering fabric is one of the most important behaviors during the draping phase of liquid composite molding (LCM) processes, including wet compression molding (WCM), which occurs with the infiltrated fabric and, in some cases, with the use of a stabilizing binder. In the present study, the membrane behavior of an impregnated and binder-stabilized uni-directional carbon fiber non-crimp fabric was characterized by performing off-axis tension tests. These tests allow the investigation of the influence of stabilizing binder, fluid viscosity and loading rate on the fabric membrane behavior. As result of these experimental tests, an increase in membrane force is noticed when the stabilizing binder is activated, attributed to a greater shear stiffness. Additionally, a decrease in forces is observed for impregnated fabric compared to dry textiles caused by a lubrication layer between fiber tows. The study provides a better understanding of the membrane behavior of the impregnated and binder-stabilized UD-NCF, which is relevant for a potential high-volume production process.","PeriodicalId":515987,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Proceedings","volume":"14 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140974266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.21741/9781644903131-198
A. ANDRADE-CAMPOS
Abstract. Nowadays, most of the product designs rely on the aid of simulation software, particularly Finite Element Analysis (FEA) programs. However, an accurate simulation requires a proper virtual/numerical material behavior reproduction, meaning a precise material characterization through constitutive models and their parameters. To numerically characterize a material, particularly a metal, (i) experimental tests, (ii) model selection and (iii) inverse procedures are required. All these three tasks can be expensive and time-consuming. Therefore, product development engineers resort to materials databases to obtain the virtual materials, i.e. the constitutive models and their parameters adequate for the desired material. However, the information provided by the materials databases does not include experimental data nor provide information on the testing procedures. Due to this absence, users cannot verify the information nor its accuracy on the material database. Moreover, data related to material constitutive models, required for accurate simulations seems to be absent [1]. This work presents the development of a new material database that revises the previous problem. This database has the focus on virtual materials and their importance in product simulation and design. The presented VForm-xSteels material database includes (a) mechanical models and their implementation in FEA software, (b) experimental data and (c) the parameters identified for each material, and (d) indications concerning the quality of the material behavior reproduction associated with each model/parameters set. This database can be enlarged by the contributions of all users and present the following benefits for the engineering community: (i) increasing the precision and reliability of numerical FEA simulations by providing accurate input data, filling then a gap of the FEA market and answering to the request of the FEA users; (ii) reducing the development lead-time of metallic parts and the development of robust technological solutions with highly improved quality, consequently decreasing cost and time in the overall development process.
{"title":"VForm-xSteels: virtual materials database","authors":"A. ANDRADE-CAMPOS","doi":"10.21741/9781644903131-198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903131-198","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Nowadays, most of the product designs rely on the aid of simulation software, particularly Finite Element Analysis (FEA) programs. However, an accurate simulation requires a proper virtual/numerical material behavior reproduction, meaning a precise material characterization through constitutive models and their parameters. To numerically characterize a material, particularly a metal, (i) experimental tests, (ii) model selection and (iii) inverse procedures are required. All these three tasks can be expensive and time-consuming. Therefore, product development engineers resort to materials databases to obtain the virtual materials, i.e. the constitutive models and their parameters adequate for the desired material. However, the information provided by the materials databases does not include experimental data nor provide information on the testing procedures. Due to this absence, users cannot verify the information nor its accuracy on the material database. Moreover, data related to material constitutive models, required for accurate simulations seems to be absent [1]. This work presents the development of a new material database that revises the previous problem. This database has the focus on virtual materials and their importance in product simulation and design. The presented VForm-xSteels material database includes (a) mechanical models and their implementation in FEA software, (b) experimental data and (c) the parameters identified for each material, and (d) indications concerning the quality of the material behavior reproduction associated with each model/parameters set. This database can be enlarged by the contributions of all users and present the following benefits for the engineering community: (i) increasing the precision and reliability of numerical FEA simulations by providing accurate input data, filling then a gap of the FEA market and answering to the request of the FEA users; (ii) reducing the development lead-time of metallic parts and the development of robust technological solutions with highly improved quality, consequently decreasing cost and time in the overall development process.","PeriodicalId":515987,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Proceedings","volume":"117 48","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140977910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.21741/9781644903131-47
F. Tucci
Abstract. Recently, many industry sectors are investigating safe ways to replace conventional materials by adopting thermoplastic matrix composites. Indeed, the adoption of this class of polymeric matrices enables other post-process operations, such as forming and welding. Moreover, the diffusion and the improvement of thermoplastic matrix composites can promote the usage of recycled polymers, which would dramatically improve the environmental sustainability of the production. The aim of this work is the assessment of the thermoplastic pultrusion of preimpregnated tapes made of glass fibers and recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET) matrix. A thermoplastic pultrusion line consisting of a heating-forming die and a cooling die has been used to manufacture a rectangular cross-section profile having dimensions of 25 mm in width and 4 mm in thickness. The internal temperature has been measured during the process by using a wire thermocouple. The composite produced has been assessed by interlaminar shear strength testing, and its cross-section has been analyzed by optical microscopy to assess the continuity of the matrix, the internal structure, and the distribution of the fibrous reinforcement.
{"title":"Thermoplastic pultrusion of recycled PET matrix composites","authors":"F. Tucci","doi":"10.21741/9781644903131-47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903131-47","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Recently, many industry sectors are investigating safe ways to replace conventional materials by adopting thermoplastic matrix composites. Indeed, the adoption of this class of polymeric matrices enables other post-process operations, such as forming and welding. Moreover, the diffusion and the improvement of thermoplastic matrix composites can promote the usage of recycled polymers, which would dramatically improve the environmental sustainability of the production. The aim of this work is the assessment of the thermoplastic pultrusion of preimpregnated tapes made of glass fibers and recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET) matrix. A thermoplastic pultrusion line consisting of a heating-forming die and a cooling die has been used to manufacture a rectangular cross-section profile having dimensions of 25 mm in width and 4 mm in thickness. The internal temperature has been measured during the process by using a wire thermocouple. The composite produced has been assessed by interlaminar shear strength testing, and its cross-section has been analyzed by optical microscopy to assess the continuity of the matrix, the internal structure, and the distribution of the fibrous reinforcement.","PeriodicalId":515987,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Proceedings","volume":"11 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140972810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.21741/9781644903131-235
N. Fehlemann
Abstract. The mechanical properties of formed components are determined by the interaction between the microstructure and the load path of the forming process. To investigate and understand these effects, micromechanical simulation concepts can be used, such as statistically Representative Volume Elements (sRVE) coupled with crystal plasticity simulations. This study presents a concept that uses sRVE simulations to quantify the influence of three different deep drawing load paths on the fatigue resistance of DP800 steel. The first step is a scale-bridging simulation approach that employs macroscopic simulations of the deep drawing process to extract the boundary conditions for the sRVE simulations with Damask. Subsequent cyclic loading is then simulated. 50 sRVE are computed for each load path to estimate fatigue resistance based on a Fatigue Indicator Parameter. The results indicate that fatigue resistance increases with increasing deformation-induced strain hardening. Additionally, a positive correlation between the martensitic ligament structures and fatigue resistance was observed.
{"title":"Fatigue resistance of deep drawn parts: A scale bridging simulative study using representative volume elements and crystal plasticity simulations","authors":"N. Fehlemann","doi":"10.21741/9781644903131-235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903131-235","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The mechanical properties of formed components are determined by the interaction between the microstructure and the load path of the forming process. To investigate and understand these effects, micromechanical simulation concepts can be used, such as statistically Representative Volume Elements (sRVE) coupled with crystal plasticity simulations. This study presents a concept that uses sRVE simulations to quantify the influence of three different deep drawing load paths on the fatigue resistance of DP800 steel. The first step is a scale-bridging simulation approach that employs macroscopic simulations of the deep drawing process to extract the boundary conditions for the sRVE simulations with Damask. Subsequent cyclic loading is then simulated. 50 sRVE are computed for each load path to estimate fatigue resistance based on a Fatigue Indicator Parameter. The results indicate that fatigue resistance increases with increasing deformation-induced strain hardening. Additionally, a positive correlation between the martensitic ligament structures and fatigue resistance was observed.","PeriodicalId":515987,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Proceedings","volume":"9 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140976417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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