Sheeraz Sheikh, Waqar Javed Altaf Jatt, Ahmed Memon, Tamoor Jatoi, A. Arain, P. Mal
Introduction Urologists are always inclined to find techniques with minimal complication and hospital stays with maximum stone-free rates to mitigate not only health concerns but financial burdens too. PCNL is known as the gold standard for large stones, however, RIRS is known for its less invasive and minor complications. Methodology This is a cross-sectional, prospective study conducted at the public hospital of Jamshoro. Patients with renal stones located at the lower pole, measuring 1-2 cm were included. Patients were evaluated before enrollment and detailed history was taken. Intraoperative and post-operative details were documented. SPSS 21 was used to analyze the data, and to assess significance chi-square test was used, a p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results The mean age was 42.7 ± 12.8 and 43.2 ± 13.2 in the RIRS and PCNL groups respectively. The RIRS group showed 07 (17.5%) partial clearance cases while PCNL group showed 02 (5%). Hemoglobin drop was measured as minimal (< 2.5ml) and excessive (>2.5ml) after surgery, and only 01 (2.5%) cases of RIRS had excessive blood loss, PCNL group had higher hemoglobin drop cases with 3 (7.5%) cases. Blood transfusion was required in 1 (2.5%) and 2 (5%) cases in the RIRS and PCNL groups respectively. Conclusion RIRS can be beneficial in small stones while PCNL can be an ideal procedure for lower pole renal stones of 1-2 cm size.
{"title":"Efficacy of Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery Versus Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy In Treating Lower Pole Stones of 1-2 cms","authors":"Sheeraz Sheikh, Waqar Javed Altaf Jatt, Ahmed Memon, Tamoor Jatoi, A. Arain, P. Mal","doi":"10.46568/bios.v5i1.137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46568/bios.v5i1.137","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Urologists are always inclined to find techniques with minimal complication and hospital stays with maximum stone-free rates to mitigate not only health concerns but financial burdens too. PCNL is known as the gold standard for large stones, however, RIRS is known for its less invasive and minor complications. Methodology This is a cross-sectional, prospective study conducted at the public hospital of Jamshoro. Patients with renal stones located at the lower pole, measuring 1-2 cm were included. Patients were evaluated before enrollment and detailed history was taken. Intraoperative and post-operative details were documented. SPSS 21 was used to analyze the data, and to assess significance chi-square test was used, a p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results The mean age was 42.7 ± 12.8 and 43.2 ± 13.2 in the RIRS and PCNL groups respectively. The RIRS group showed 07 (17.5%) partial clearance cases while PCNL group showed 02 (5%). Hemoglobin drop was measured as minimal (< 2.5ml) and excessive (>2.5ml) after surgery, and only 01 (2.5%) cases of RIRS had excessive blood loss, PCNL group had higher hemoglobin drop cases with 3 (7.5%) cases. Blood transfusion was required in 1 (2.5%) and 2 (5%) cases in the RIRS and PCNL groups respectively. Conclusion RIRS can be beneficial in small stones while PCNL can be an ideal procedure for lower pole renal stones of 1-2 cm size.","PeriodicalId":516564,"journal":{"name":"BioSight","volume":"20 3-4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140507713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Barha Latif, Hafiz Muhammad, Haseeb Khaliq, Asad Ullah, Khawar Anwar, Adnan Arshad, Kausar Abdullah, Malik
Introduction: Primary brain tumors refer to a heterogeneous group of tumors arising from cells within the CNS, and can be benign or malignant. In recent years, experimental evidence suggests that, despite the presence of blood-brain barrier (BBB) and lack of discrete lymphoid tissue, there are immunocompetent cells (TILs-Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes) within the brain parenchyma. Many of these cells are T-Lymphocytes known as CD8+ Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, which proliferate with stimulation, and are cytotoxic to tumor cells in vitro. To evaluate the frequency of unconventional MAIT cells in the setting of brain tumors by expression analysis of their three defining markers CD3D, KLRB1 (CD161) and a TCR a-chain variant Va7.2 (TRAV1-2 gene). Methodology: The study involved collecting EDTA blood samples and fresh brain tissue biopsies from selected population followed by RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis for measurement of relative expression analysis in blood and tissues samples. Expression data was generated by semi-quantitative real time PCR. Results: The outcome of this study demonstrated higher expression level of CD3D, KLRB1 (CD161) and a TCR a-chain variant Va7.2 (TRAV1-2 gene) in the blood of patients compared to the tissue samples showed little to no transmigration of these MAIT cells in the diseased tissues. Also, the expression of genes under-investigation was observed decreasing in both blood and tissue samples with the progression of tumor. Conclusion: MAIT cells might undergo depletion in the tumor micro-environment due to chronic activation induced exhaustion of these cells.
{"title":"Analysis of Mucosal- Associated Invariant T Cell Levels And Their Correlation With Tumor Immune Status In Patients With Brain Tumors","authors":"Barha Latif, Hafiz Muhammad, Haseeb Khaliq, Asad Ullah, Khawar Anwar, Adnan Arshad, Kausar Abdullah, Malik","doi":"10.46568/bios.v5i1.185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46568/bios.v5i1.185","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Primary brain tumors refer to a heterogeneous group of tumors arising from cells within the CNS, and can be benign or malignant. In recent years, experimental evidence suggests that, despite the presence of blood-brain barrier (BBB) and lack of discrete lymphoid tissue, there are immunocompetent cells (TILs-Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes) within the brain parenchyma. Many of these cells are T-Lymphocytes known as CD8+ Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, which proliferate with stimulation, and are cytotoxic to tumor cells in vitro. To evaluate the frequency of unconventional MAIT cells in the setting of brain tumors by expression analysis of their three defining markers CD3D, KLRB1 (CD161) and a TCR a-chain variant Va7.2 (TRAV1-2 gene). Methodology: The study involved collecting EDTA blood samples and fresh brain tissue biopsies from selected population followed by RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis for measurement of relative expression analysis in blood and tissues samples. Expression data was generated by semi-quantitative real time PCR. Results: The outcome of this study demonstrated higher expression level of CD3D, KLRB1 (CD161) and a TCR a-chain variant Va7.2 (TRAV1-2 gene) in the blood of patients compared to the tissue samples showed little to no transmigration of these MAIT cells in the diseased tissues. Also, the expression of genes under-investigation was observed decreasing in both blood and tissue samples with the progression of tumor. Conclusion: MAIT cells might undergo depletion in the tumor micro-environment due to chronic activation induced exhaustion of these cells.","PeriodicalId":516564,"journal":{"name":"BioSight","volume":" 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139640465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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