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Scientific Bulletin of the Omsk State Medical University最新文献

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Medico-social aspects of mortality of the population of Omsk region 鄂木斯克州居民死亡率的医学-社会方面
Pub Date : 2024-01-17 DOI: 10.61634/2782-3024-2023-10-69-72
I. G. Shteinborm, O. A. Pasechnik
The article presents the estimation of epidemiologic manifestations of population mortality in the territory of Omsk region. The dynamics of life expectancy at birth, general and special indicators of mortality, age structure of the dead, territorial distribution of indicators is characterized, the contribution of various causes to the total mortality rate of the population is described.
文章介绍了对鄂木斯克州境内人口死亡率流行病学表现的估计。文章描述了出生时预期寿命的动态、死亡率的一般和特殊指标、死亡者的年龄结构、指标的地区分布、各种原因对人口总死亡率的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Modern tuberculosis prevention and control programs at the regional level 地区一级的现代结核病预防和控制计划
Pub Date : 2024-01-17 DOI: 10.61634/2782-3024-2023-10-53-54
D. K. Musainova, O. A. Pasechnik
The article presents an assessment of the effectiveness of measures to prevent the spread of tuberculosis in the Omsk region, where modern approaches and directions of the national strategy of tuberculosis elimination are realized. The qualitative and quantitative changes in the cohorts of first-detected cases of tuberculosis for the analyzed period of 2015 - 2021 are noted. Actual directions of tuberculosis prevention for the Omsk region are revealed.
文章对鄂木斯克州防止结核病传播措施的有效性进行了评估,在该州实现了消除结核病国家战略的现代方法和方向。文章指出了 2015 - 2021 年分析期间首次发现的结核病例的质量和数量变化。揭示了鄂木斯克州预防结核病的实际方向。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of the activity of inpatient social service institution and assessment of indicators affecting the quality of life of residents 分析住院社会服务机构的活动,评估影响居民生活质量的指标
Pub Date : 2024-01-17 DOI: 10.61634/2782-3024-2023-10-34-42
A. A. Padolko
Actuality: sooner or later every person sooner or later thinks about whether he or she can count on someone's help and support, improving the quality of life in old age or in connection with changes in health. In the modern world, great attention is paid to the elderly, people with disabilities and their social services. Purpose: characterization and analysis of the activity of the institution "Dragunsky boarding school", recommendations for improving the performance indicators. Materials and methods: A descriptive epidemiologic research, the study of the main activity indicators on financing and dynamics of residents was carried out. The regulatory framework was analyzed. Conclusion: Social service is carried out on the principles of equal, free access of citizens to social services. Great importance of the work of increasing the efficiency of the institution has a micro-level - direct activities focused on each recipient of social services, with an individual approach.
实际情况:每个人迟早都会考虑自己是否可以依靠他人的帮助和支持,以提高晚年或健康状况发生变化时的生活质量。在现代社会,老年人、残疾人及其社会服务备受关注。目的:描述和分析 "德拉贡斯基寄宿学校 "机构的活动,提出改进绩效指标的建议。材料和方法开展了描述性流行病学研究,研究了关于资金和居民动态的主要活动指标。对监管框架进行了分析。结论:社会服务是在公民平等、自由获得社会服务的原则下开展的。提高机构效率的工作在微观层面上具有重要意义--直接活动的重点是每个社会服务的接受者,并采取个别对待的方法。
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引用次数: 0
The role of the gut microbiota in the development of coronary artery atherosclerosis 肠道微生物群在冠状动脉粥样硬化发展中的作用
Pub Date : 2024-01-17 DOI: 10.61634/2782-3024-2023-10-10-20
T. A. Safiulina, N. A. Morova, G. R. Bicbavova
Cardiovascular diseases are one of the most common causes of death in the Russian Federation and worldwide. Consistently high statistical values, despite known risk factors, encourage us to look for new aspects of the etiology, pathogenesis and course of this group of diseases. The group of coronary heart disease requires special attention, most of the nosologies of which are diseases associated with atherosclerotic lesions of the coronary arteries. Despite the well-established concept of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis associated with the response to endothelial damage, there is more and more data on the participation of gut microbiota metabolites in the occurrence and progression of this process, which has formed into the theory of atherogenic microbiome. The main bacterial factors influencing the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis are considered to be such metabolites as trimethylamine-N-oxide, lipopolysaccharide, short-chain fatty acids, and deoxyribonucleic acid. They take part in changes in lipid metabolism and immunological reactivity of the macroorganism, induce low-grade inflammation, which leads to the progression of atherosclerotic lesions of arteries, including coronary arteries. The purpose of this review is to analyze the literature on the role of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of coronary artery atherosclerosis, its effect on lipid metabolism, the relationship between changes in the microbiome and the development of atherosclerotic vascular lesions, and features of the atherogenic microbiome. Literature search was carried out in PubMed and Google Scholar systems among full-text articles published in Russian and English until January 2023 for the keywords: atherosclerosis, gut microbiota, cardiovascular diseases.
心血管疾病是俄罗斯联邦乃至全世界最常见的死亡原因之一。尽管存在已知的风险因素,但持续的高统计值促使我们寻找这类疾病的病因、发病机制和病程的新方面。冠心病需要特别关注,其中大多数疾病的命名都与冠状动脉粥样硬化病变有关。尽管动脉粥样硬化的发病机制与内皮损伤的反应相关的概念已经确立,但越来越多的数据表明,肠道微生物群代谢物参与了这一过程的发生和发展,并形成了致动脉粥样硬化微生物群理论。影响动脉粥样硬化发病机制的主要细菌因素被认为是三甲胺-N-氧化物、脂多糖、短链脂肪酸和脱氧核糖核酸等代谢物。它们参与大机体脂质代谢和免疫反应性的变化,诱发低度炎症,导致动脉(包括冠状动脉)粥样硬化病变的发展。本综述旨在分析有关肠道微生物群在冠状动脉粥样硬化发病机制中的作用、其对脂质代谢的影响、微生物群变化与动脉粥样硬化血管病变发展之间的关系以及致动脉粥样硬化微生物群特征的文献。在 PubMed 和 Google Scholar 系统中对 2023 年 1 月之前发表的俄文和英文全文文章进行了文献检索,关键词为:动脉粥样硬化、肠道微生物群、心血管疾病。
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引用次数: 0
Popularization of the idea of healthy lifestyle in mass media and social media 通过大众媒体和社交媒体普及健康生活方式的理念
Pub Date : 2024-01-17 DOI: 10.61634/2782-3024-2023-10-64-66
E. V. Shipilova, I. P. Burashnikova
In the article the author raises the issue of popularization of healthy lifestyle with the help of mass media and social media. The relevance and social significance of the problems are substantiated, and also some results of own sociological research devoted to population awareness of healthy lifestyle are given.
作者在文章中提出了借助大众媒体和社交媒体普及健康生活方式的问题。文章对这些问题的相关性和社会意义进行了论证,并给出了自己专门针对人们对健康生活方式的认识所进行的社会学研究的一些结果。
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引用次数: 0
Formation of universal competencies of undergraduate and graduate students - participants of the olympiad "School of leadership in healthcare" 培养本科生和研究生的通用能力--"医疗保健领导力学校 "奥林匹克竞赛的参与者
Pub Date : 2024-01-17 DOI: 10.61634/2782-3024-2023-10-21-29
N. Anpilova, N. A. Getman, E. N. Kotenko, I. V. Leonov, O. A. Pasechnik, I. P. Burashnikova
This article considers the problem of realization of the Olympiad movement in higher education institution. The main subject of discussion in the article is the use of Olympiads in medical school as the most effective way to form universal competencies of undergraduate and graduate students. The aim of this paper was to describe the preparation and conduct of the Olympiad "School of Leadership in Health Care" by the Departments of Public Health and Public Health and Pedagogy and Psychology, aimed at the formation and quality control of universal competencies, such as: the ability to carry out a critical analysis of problem situations; the ability to manage the project at all stages of its life cycle; the ability to organize and manage the work of the team, developing a team strategy to achieve the goal; According to the data of psychological and pedagogical studies of the Olympiad movement in medical universities, the authors note that the relevance of the application of the Olympiad lies in the opportunity for undergraduates and graduate students not only to improve their knowledge in a particular specialty, but also to develop the ability to communicate and teamwork, to obtain practical skills and abilities. In addition, participation in the student Olympiad provides students with a number of advantages: portfolio replenishment, additional points when entering residency or postgraduate studies in a specialty. Our study is based on the competence and activity approaches. We use theoretical methods: analysis of scientific and pedagogical literature, systematization, generalization; empirical methods: diagnostic (observation, survey); prognostic (expert evaluation). In accordance with the goal of our study, the authors determined that participation in the Olympiad movement allows undergraduate and graduate students to learn to interact with each other, which contributes to the formation of universal competencies within the competence-based approach; competence-based technologies in medical school contribute to the development and consolidation of leadership skills necessary for future health care organizers to make effective decisions; improving the training of specialists with higher education.
本文探讨了在高等教育机构中开展奥林匹克运动的问题。文章讨论的主要议题是在医学院中使用奥林匹克竞赛作为培养本科生和研究生普遍能力的最有效方式。本文旨在介绍公共卫生与公共健康系、教育学与心理学系筹备和举办 "医疗保健领导力学校 "奥林匹克竞赛的情况,旨在培养普遍能力并对其进行质量控制,如根据对医科大学奥林匹克运动的心理学和教学法研究数据,作者指出,应用奥林匹克运动的意义在于,本科生和研究生不仅有机会提高他们在特定专业方面的知识,还能培养沟通能力和团队合作精神,获得实用技能和能力。此外,参加学生奥林匹克竞赛还能为学生带来许多好处:补充作品集、在进入住院医师或研究生专业学习时获得额外加分。我们的研究基于能力和活动方法。我们采用了理论方法:科学和教学文献分析、系统化、概括化;实证方法:诊断(观察、调查);预测(专家评估)。根据我们的研究目标,作者确定,参与奥林匹克运动可以让本科生和研究生学会相互交流,这有助于形成以能力为基础的方法中的普遍能力;医学院中以能力为基础的技术有助于发展和巩固未来医疗组织者做出有效决策所必需的领导技能;改善受过高等教育的专家的培训。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of medical and social rehabilitation measures in the conditions of inpatient social service institution and ways to improve rehabilitation 分析社会服务机构住院条件下的医疗和社会康复措施以及改善康复的方法
Pub Date : 2024-01-17 DOI: 10.61634/2782-3024-2023-10-43-48
N. B. Markitovich
Actuality: Disabled people with mental disorders belong to the most socially disadapted groups of the population. In the general structure of disability by classes of disease, mental illnesses occupy the third rank place and account for 10%. In terms of the duration of disability, mental illnesses occupy the first place. Almost 95% of disabled persons recognized as incapable of work due to mental illness and mental retardation remain on pension for life. Purpose: Improvement of rehabilitation of disabled people due to mental illnesses and conditions of rehabilitation realization in the ASUSO "Dragunsky DI". Materials and methods: The medical and social rehabilitation measures of social recipients with mental illnesses in ACUSO "Dragunsky DI" were analyzed. Conclusion: The results of rehabilitation activities carried out in the boarding house by means of various innovative social technologies testify to their effectiveness in the framework of organizing work with clients with mental disabilities.
实际情况:患有精神障碍的残疾人属于人口中最不适应社会的群体。在按疾病类别划分的残疾总体结构中,精神疾病占第三位,占 10%。就残疾持续时间而言,精神疾病占第一位。近 95%因精神疾病和智力迟钝而被认定为无工作能力的残疾人终生领取养老金。目的:改善因精神疾病导致的残疾人的康复情况,以及 "德拉贡斯基残疾人之家"(ASUSO "Dragunsky DI")实现康复的条件。材料和方法分析了 "德拉贡斯基州残疾人协会 "中患有精神疾病的社会受助者的医疗和社会康复措施。结论通过各种创新社会技术在寄宿机构开展的康复活动的结果证明了其在组织精神残疾受助者工作框架内的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Psychoemotional status and arterial hypertension in children: search for correlation and clinical application 儿童心理情绪状态和动脉高血压:寻找相关性和临床应用
Pub Date : 2024-01-17 DOI: 10.61634/2782-3024-2023-10-2-9
E. B. Pavlinova, V. N. Lippert, A. N. Dakuko
Arterial hypertension is a common problem in pediatrics that requires close attention from pediatricians and pediatric cardiologists. Scientific discoveries describing molecular-genetic interactions in disease progression unfortunately do not always help practitioners and patients to achieve full control of the disease. The anatomo-physiologic features of childhood have forced researchers to search for new reference points that can help clinicians select effective therapies. In recent years, clinicians and psychologists have noted a steady increase in anxiety disorders in childhood and adolescence. Approximately 32% of adolescents have symptoms of anxiety that are mostly ignored and not corrected. In the future, such patients have a significantly increased risk of developing not only psychiatric abnormalities, but also cardiovascular diseases. Assessment of the patient's psychoemotional status may become an important factor in the selection of complex treatment, which will provide a personalized approach to the therapy of arterial hypertension in a child and prevent the development of its long-term consequences.
动脉高血压是儿科常见问题,需要儿科医生和儿科心脏病专家密切关注。遗憾的是,描述疾病进展过程中分子基因相互作用的科学发现并不总能帮助医生和患者完全控制疾病。儿童期的解剖生理特点迫使研究人员寻找新的参考点,以帮助临床医生选择有效的疗法。近年来,临床医生和心理学家注意到,儿童和青少年焦虑症患者持续增加。约有 32% 的青少年有焦虑症状,但这些症状大多被忽视,没有得到纠正。今后,这类患者不仅患上精神异常,而且患上心血管疾病的风险也会大大增加。对患者心理情绪状态的评估可能成为选择综合治疗的一个重要因素,这将为儿童动脉高血压的治疗提供个性化的方法,并防止其长期后果的发展。
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引用次数: 0
Improving the effectiveness of legal regulation of targeted training of medical workers as a way to solve the problem of shortage of medical personnel 提高定向培养医务工作者的法律规范效力,以此解决医务人员短缺问题
Pub Date : 2024-01-17 DOI: 10.61634/2782-3024-2023-10-30-33
N. A. Ivanova, I. P. Burashnikova
The shortage of medical workers is the most serious challenge of modern healthcare. The article considers the issues of improving the legislation as one of the ways to solve the problem of insufficient supply of doctors.
医务工作者短缺是现代医疗保健面临的最严峻挑战。文章认为,完善立法是解决医生供应不足问题的途径之一。
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引用次数: 0
Designing leisure activities as a method of prevention of antisocial behavior of people staying in boarding homes 设计休闲活动作为预防寄宿家庭成员反社会行为的方法
Pub Date : 2024-01-17 DOI: 10.61634/2782-3024-2023-10-58-61
M. N. Amelchenko
The article reveals the problem of social deviations in elderly people living in institutions of stationary social serviceLeisure activities can act as a resource for solving the problem and a method of realization of general, primary, secondary and tertiary prevention of such social deviations as alcoholism, drug addiction and tobacco smoking among clients of residential homes for permanent residence of elderly citizens.
休闲活动可以作为解决问题的一种资源,也可以作为实现对老年公民永久居住地客户中的酗酒、吸毒和吸烟等社会偏差进行一般、一级、二级和三级预防的一种方法。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Scientific Bulletin of the Omsk State Medical University
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