Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.58245/ipsi.tir.2401.10
Nemanja Krtinić
Different types of concrete are invented in the past years, in order to improve it`s behavior for different loading and environmental situations. Among them, fibre reinforced concrete (FRC) is one of the most recently developed concrete types. Design procedures for the FRC elements are included in only a few existing code provisions. Among them, fib Model Code 2010 (MC 2010) provides the biggest amount of necessary information and recommendations in order to design FRC elements. Yet, a lack of the guidelines for the design of elements loaded with different combinations of bending moment and axial force is noticed in the existing code provisions. Therefore, in the scope of this paper, interaction curves for FRC are developed. The interaction curves are developed for both, ultimate limit state (ULS) and serviceability limit state (SLS). Furthermore, example of the use of such interaction curves is given. Comparison in the design of reservoir made of reinforced concrete (RC) and FRC is performed. It is shown that the use of FRC especial benefits design according to SLS, as FRC provides better behaviour regarding crack spacing and crack width of element, while developed interaction curves for SLS significantly decrease the time necessary for such a design.
{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Structure with Traditional and Decoupled Masonry Infill Under Earthquake","authors":"Nemanja Krtinić","doi":"10.58245/ipsi.tir.2401.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58245/ipsi.tir.2401.10","url":null,"abstract":"Different types of concrete are invented in the past years, in order to improve it`s behavior for different loading and environmental situations. Among them, fibre reinforced concrete (FRC) is one of the most recently developed concrete types. Design procedures for the FRC elements are included in only a few existing code provisions. Among them, fib Model Code 2010 (MC 2010) provides the biggest amount of necessary information and recommendations in order to design FRC elements. Yet, a lack of the guidelines for the design of elements loaded with different combinations of bending moment and axial force is noticed in the existing code provisions. Therefore, in the scope of this paper, interaction curves for FRC are developed. The interaction curves are developed for both, ultimate limit state (ULS) and serviceability limit state (SLS). Furthermore, example of the use of such interaction curves is given. Comparison in the design of reservoir made of reinforced concrete (RC) and FRC is performed. It is shown that the use of FRC especial benefits design according to SLS, as FRC provides better behaviour regarding crack spacing and crack width of element, while developed interaction curves for SLS significantly decrease the time necessary for such a design.","PeriodicalId":516644,"journal":{"name":"IPSI Transactions on Internet Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139640781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.58245/ipsi.tir.2401.04
Larisa Hrustek, Dragica Šalamon, Martina Tomičić Furjan
Although startups show great interest in sharing and re-using data, and large business systems know the value of data, data sharing is problematic and questionable. The reason is the legislation that does not have prescribed obligations and procedures for sharing data, and when data is shared, it is not properly managed at the sectoral or industry ecosystem level. For stakeholders to reap the economic benefits of using/re-using open data, strong data ecosystems supported by policies and investments are needed to ensure infrastructure and data capacity for everyone in the environment. In this paper, exploratory research was conducted and the focus is on the agricultural data ecosystem, which has a strategically relevant role in food production and feeding society but does not sufficiently use the capacities of the digital age for progress, especially the data capacities that are significant in overcoming challenges. The measurement tool was used based on the conceptual framework of open data ecosystem elements and characteristics, where the key elements are Stakeholders, Data, Infrastructure and Policy/Governance, while the parameters are defined based on the key characteristics of each element. The measurement tool was used for the evaluation of the status of the Croatian agricultural open data ecosystem and its maturity level. The data was collected by searching secondary sources (searching literature and documents, available infrastructure - platforms, applications and tools as well as analyzing the websites of relevant institutions) and in-depth interviews with stakeholders in the agricultural ecosystem. The results showed that in the Croatian agricultural open data ecosystem, elements of Stakeholders, Infrastructure and Governance/Policy were rated as Fundamental level, while the Data element showed the best trend and was rated as Effective level. The Stakeholders element was rated best by the Management and Support Organization, while the other elements were rated best by Researchers/Scientists. The lowest ratings on elements of the data ecosystem were assigned by two groups of stakeholders, Agriculture Businesses/Farmers and Consumer Organizations and Consumers. Nevertheless, there is still much room for growth and improvement in the data offered for/by all stakeholders, considering that the data offered by the Management and Support Organization and the researcher/Scientist offer and the way they do it are not suitable and useful for the business and production of the other stakeholders in the ecosystem. Significant efforts are needed to build a robust and sustainable data ecosystem in the agricultural sector.
{"title":"Maturity of Agriculture Open Data Ecosystem in Croatia – Challenges and Opportunities","authors":"Larisa Hrustek, Dragica Šalamon, Martina Tomičić Furjan","doi":"10.58245/ipsi.tir.2401.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58245/ipsi.tir.2401.04","url":null,"abstract":"Although startups show great interest in sharing and re-using data, and large business systems know the value of data, data sharing is problematic and questionable. The reason is the legislation that does not have prescribed obligations and procedures for sharing data, and when data is shared, it is not properly managed at the sectoral or industry ecosystem level. For stakeholders to reap the economic benefits of using/re-using open data, strong data ecosystems supported by policies and investments are needed to ensure infrastructure and data capacity for everyone in the environment. In this paper, exploratory research was conducted and the focus is on the agricultural data ecosystem, which has a strategically relevant role in food production and feeding society but does not sufficiently use the capacities of the digital age for progress, especially the data capacities that are significant in overcoming challenges. The measurement tool was used based on the conceptual framework of open data ecosystem elements and characteristics, where the key elements are Stakeholders, Data, Infrastructure and Policy/Governance, while the parameters are defined based on the key characteristics of each element. The measurement tool was used for the evaluation of the status of the Croatian agricultural open data ecosystem and its maturity level. The data was collected by searching secondary sources (searching literature and documents, available infrastructure - platforms, applications and tools as well as analyzing the websites of relevant institutions) and in-depth interviews with stakeholders in the agricultural ecosystem. The results showed that in the Croatian agricultural open data ecosystem, elements of Stakeholders, Infrastructure and Governance/Policy were rated as Fundamental level, while the Data element showed the best trend and was rated as Effective level. The Stakeholders element was rated best by the Management and Support Organization, while the other elements were rated best by Researchers/Scientists. The lowest ratings on elements of the data ecosystem were assigned by two groups of stakeholders, Agriculture Businesses/Farmers and Consumer Organizations and Consumers. Nevertheless, there is still much room for growth and improvement in the data offered for/by all stakeholders, considering that the data offered by the Management and Support Organization and the researcher/Scientist offer and the way they do it are not suitable and useful for the business and production of the other stakeholders in the ecosystem. Significant efforts are needed to build a robust and sustainable data ecosystem in the agricultural sector.","PeriodicalId":516644,"journal":{"name":"IPSI Transactions on Internet Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140525059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.58245/ipsi.tir.2401.02
Shahrzad H. Ashourzadeh
Interactivity is an essential part of learning and development, as it teaches people how to collaborate, communicate respectfully, exchange information, and hone their skills. Social networks and computer games are a few examples of applications that allow interactivity and foster more effective learning environments. However, while technology has enabled the creation of large websites, e-books, and online educational systems, many digital libraries and annotation approaches do not provide users with the opportunity to interact with the material or other readers. Users can only share annotated documents in a standard format through email or other means and they are limited to annotating documents without the ability to ask questions, initiate discussions, or give feedback on the content presented. Additionally, embedding annotation data into a document can disrupt its structure. After conducting extensive research on digital annotation tools that enable interactivity, we stumbled upon a system known as NID (Net Interactive Document). Our thorough examination of NID concludes that it outperforms other digital annotation methods in several ways. This system supports the feedback possibility, where different groups of experts can provide information and insights. Additionally, it allows readers to discuss various materials, leading to continuous content growth and more informative documents. One of the significant advantages of NID is that it enables users to create annotations to any extent without ruining the structure of a document. Moreover, NID uses graphical image addresses that enable users to include relevant images or videos from the internet into a document without infringing on copyright laws. So, NID provides a collaborative environment for readers and knowledge providers, making it a valuable educational tool as well as a means of presenting and improving information. We strongly recommend its use in online educational systems, digital libraries, and nonlearning settings (such as commercial spaces) due to its wide range of interactivity.
交互性是学习和发展的重要组成部分，因为它教会人们如何合作、以尊重的态度沟通、交流信息和磨练技能。社交网络和电脑游戏就是实现互动性和促进更有效学习环境的几个应用实例。然而，尽管技术已经使大型网站、电子书籍和在线教育系统得以创建，但许多数字图书馆和注释方法并没有为用户提供与资料或其他读者互动的机会。用户只能通过电子邮件或其他方式分享标准格式的注释文档，而且他们只能对文档进行注释，而不能提出问题、发起讨论或对所呈现的内容进行反馈。此外，将注释数据嵌入文档会破坏文档结构。在对能够实现互动的数字注释工具进行广泛研究之后，我们偶然发现了一个名为 NID（网络互动文档）的系统。通过对 NID 的深入研究，我们得出结论，它在多个方面优于其他数字注释方法。该系统支持反馈可能性，不同的专家群体可以提供信息和见解。此外，它还允许读者对各种资料进行讨论，从而促进内容的持续增长和文档信息量的增加。NID 的一个显著优势是，它可以让用户在不破坏文档结构的情况下创建任意程度的注释。此外，NID 使用图形图像地址，使用户能够在不违反版权法的情况下将互联网上的相关图片或视频添加到文档中。因此，NID 为读者和知识提供者提供了一个协作环境，使其成为一种有价值的教育工具以及展示和改进信息的手段。我们强烈建议在在线教育系统、数字图书馆和非学习环境（如商业空间）中使用 NID，因为它具有广泛的互动性。
{"title":"Comparing Net Interactive Document System with Non-Interactive Digital Annotation Approaches","authors":"Shahrzad H. Ashourzadeh","doi":"10.58245/ipsi.tir.2401.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58245/ipsi.tir.2401.02","url":null,"abstract":"Interactivity is an essential part of learning and development, as it teaches people how to collaborate, communicate respectfully, exchange information, and hone their skills. Social networks and computer games are a few examples of applications that allow interactivity and foster more effective learning environments. However, while technology has enabled the creation of large websites, e-books, and online educational systems, many digital libraries and annotation approaches do not provide users with the opportunity to interact with the material or other readers. Users can only share annotated documents in a standard format through email or other means and they are limited to annotating documents without the ability to ask questions, initiate discussions, or give feedback on the content presented. Additionally, embedding annotation data into a document can disrupt its structure. After conducting extensive research on digital annotation tools that enable interactivity, we stumbled upon a system known as NID (Net Interactive Document). Our thorough examination of NID concludes that it outperforms other digital annotation methods in several ways. This system supports the feedback possibility, where different groups of experts can provide information and insights. Additionally, it allows readers to discuss various materials, leading to continuous content growth and more informative documents. One of the significant advantages of NID is that it enables users to create annotations to any extent without ruining the structure of a document. Moreover, NID uses graphical image addresses that enable users to include relevant images or videos from the internet into a document without infringing on copyright laws. So, NID provides a collaborative environment for readers and knowledge providers, making it a valuable educational tool as well as a means of presenting and improving information. We strongly recommend its use in online educational systems, digital libraries, and nonlearning settings (such as commercial spaces) due to its wide range of interactivity.","PeriodicalId":516644,"journal":{"name":"IPSI Transactions on Internet Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140521619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.58245/ipsi.tir.2401.08
Aleksa Milijaš
In the past years, number of beams and slabs in steel structures that are executed as composite steel – concrete elements has significantly increased. In moment-resisting frames with composite steel – concrete slabs, slab reinforcement in tensile zone needs to be considered in design of composite steel – concrete beam – to – column connections with steel plates and bolts in tensile zone. However, the number of reinforcement bars that should be taken into account in connection design significantly depends on the effective width of the concrete slab. Moreover, directions for calculation of the effective width of the concrete slab are still not unambiguous as they can be calculated either according to recommendations from Eurocode 4 or Eurocode 8. In this paper, composite connections are briefly explained and main differences between composite steel – concrete beam – to – column connections and corresponding steel connections are summarized. Furthermore, behaviour of a composite steel – concrete beam – to – column connection under bending moment and shear force induced by earthquake loading is investigated using finite element analysis in software package Abaqus. Finally, a parametric study is carried out in order to examine the suitability of two code recommendations for determination of the effective width of concrete slab in case of seismic loading.
{"title":"Analysis of the Behaviour of Composite Connections in Multi-Storey Buildings Under Earthquake Loading","authors":"Aleksa Milijaš","doi":"10.58245/ipsi.tir.2401.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58245/ipsi.tir.2401.08","url":null,"abstract":"In the past years, number of beams and slabs in steel structures that are executed as composite steel – concrete elements has significantly increased. In moment-resisting frames with composite steel – concrete slabs, slab reinforcement in tensile zone needs to be considered in design of composite steel – concrete beam – to – column connections with steel plates and bolts in tensile zone. However, the number of reinforcement bars that should be taken into account in connection design significantly depends on the effective width of the concrete slab. Moreover, directions for calculation of the effective width of the concrete slab are still not unambiguous as they can be calculated either according to recommendations from Eurocode 4 or Eurocode 8. In this paper, composite connections are briefly explained and main differences between composite steel – concrete beam – to – column connections and corresponding steel connections are summarized. Furthermore, behaviour of a composite steel – concrete beam – to – column connection under bending moment and shear force induced by earthquake loading is investigated using finite element analysis in software package Abaqus. Finally, a parametric study is carried out in order to examine the suitability of two code recommendations for determination of the effective width of concrete slab in case of seismic loading.","PeriodicalId":516644,"journal":{"name":"IPSI Transactions on Internet Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140515919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.58245/ipsi.tir.2401.07
F. Đorđević
Masonry structures in addition to their long heritage are still widely used in civil engineering practice. It should be emphasized that a lot of research has already been done on the seismic behavior of masonry structures. However, due to the nature of such a problem, its complexity and seriousness, the development of numerical models and their connection with experimental tests are always important. This is particularly significant considering their vulnerability to the action of horizontal forces generated during seismic excitations. In recent decades, many researchers have tried to capture the behavior of unreinforced masonry (URM) structures or reinforced concrete (RC) frames with masonry infills exposed to earthquakes, using different approaches. This paper tackles numerical modeling based on the finite element method (FEM) for the estimation of the dynamic response of two adjacent interacting URM units, subjected to shaking table motions. Geometrical and material properties of the specimen are provided by the Horizon 2020 project SERA-AIMS (The Seismology and Earthquake Engineering Research Infrastructure Alliance for Europe – Seismic Testing of Adjacent Interacting Masonry Structures). The analyses of dynamic performance were executed in SAP2000 software. Obtained results on the numerical model provide useful guidelines for modeling the nonlinear seismic behavior of masonry buildings.
{"title":"Numerical Modeling of Two Adjacent Interacting URM Structures","authors":"F. Đorđević","doi":"10.58245/ipsi.tir.2401.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58245/ipsi.tir.2401.07","url":null,"abstract":"Masonry structures in addition to their long heritage are still widely used in civil engineering practice. It should be emphasized that a lot of research has already been done on the seismic behavior of masonry structures. However, due to the nature of such a problem, its complexity and seriousness, the development of numerical models and their connection with experimental tests are always important. This is particularly significant considering their vulnerability to the action of horizontal forces generated during seismic excitations. In recent decades, many researchers have tried to capture the behavior of unreinforced masonry (URM) structures or reinforced concrete (RC) frames with masonry infills exposed to earthquakes, using different approaches. This paper tackles numerical modeling based on the finite element method (FEM) for the estimation of the dynamic response of two adjacent interacting URM units, subjected to shaking table motions. Geometrical and material properties of the specimen are provided by the Horizon 2020 project SERA-AIMS (The Seismology and Earthquake Engineering Research Infrastructure Alliance for Europe – Seismic Testing of Adjacent Interacting Masonry Structures). The analyses of dynamic performance were executed in SAP2000 software. Obtained results on the numerical model provide useful guidelines for modeling the nonlinear seismic behavior of masonry buildings.","PeriodicalId":516644,"journal":{"name":"IPSI Transactions on Internet Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140522596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.58245/ipsi.tir.2401.03
Marija Đukić, O. Pantelić, Ana Pajić Simović, Stefan Krstović, Olga Jejić
In database design, a system can be abstracted into three conceptual elements: a collection of entities, the relationships among them, and the attributes describing each entity. The database serves as a system for storing data through the mentioned conceptual elements. Different database design approaches are customized to suit particular use cases e.g. the comparison between graph databases and relational databases. Graph databases are particularly wellsuited for handling data with dense relationships, as they are designed to store and represent complex networks of interconnected data. Relational databases pose a challenge in scenarios where the graph would be better suited. The migration process involves restructuring the data and adapting the application logic which can be resource-intensive and time-consuming. Current solutions for database migration are often too generalized, resulting in a lack of effectiveness in addressing common migration cases. These solutions fail to provide the necessary level of specificity required to overcome the challenges that arise during the migration process. This paper proposes a structured approach for transferring data from a relational to a graph database. The proposed approach introduces strategies dedicated to the conversion of specific relational elements, such as associations, specializations, and many-to-many relationships. The approach was tested using Microsoft’s Northwind sample database. Upon transferring the data from a relational to a graph database, the paper reports that queries produced identical results, indicating that the details of the data were accurately preserved during the migration. Following an experimental analysis, the results indicate that the proposed approach exhibits better performance, as evidenced by shorter query execution times. These findings affirm the feasibility and veracity of the proposed approach.
{"title":"A Systematic Approach for Converting Relational to Graph Databases","authors":"Marija Đukić, O. Pantelić, Ana Pajić Simović, Stefan Krstović, Olga Jejić","doi":"10.58245/ipsi.tir.2401.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58245/ipsi.tir.2401.03","url":null,"abstract":"In database design, a system can be abstracted into three conceptual elements: a collection of entities, the relationships among them, and the attributes describing each entity. The database serves as a system for storing data through the mentioned conceptual elements. Different database design approaches are customized to suit particular use cases e.g. the comparison between graph databases and relational databases. Graph databases are particularly wellsuited for handling data with dense relationships, as they are designed to store and represent complex networks of interconnected data. Relational databases pose a challenge in scenarios where the graph would be better suited. The migration process involves restructuring the data and adapting the application logic which can be resource-intensive and time-consuming. Current solutions for database migration are often too generalized, resulting in a lack of effectiveness in addressing common migration cases. These solutions fail to provide the necessary level of specificity required to overcome the challenges that arise during the migration process. This paper proposes a structured approach for transferring data from a relational to a graph database. The proposed approach introduces strategies dedicated to the conversion of specific relational elements, such as associations, specializations, and many-to-many relationships. The approach was tested using Microsoft’s Northwind sample database. Upon transferring the data from a relational to a graph database, the paper reports that queries produced identical results, indicating that the details of the data were accurately preserved during the migration. Following an experimental analysis, the results indicate that the proposed approach exhibits better performance, as evidenced by shorter query execution times. These findings affirm the feasibility and veracity of the proposed approach.","PeriodicalId":516644,"journal":{"name":"IPSI Transactions on Internet Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139640708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.58245/ipsi.tir.2401.09
Bogdan Šakić
Different types of concrete are invented in the past years, in order to improve it`s behaviour for different loading and environmental situations. Among them, fibre reinforced concrete (FRC) is one of the most recently developed concrete types. Design procedures for the FRC elements are included in only a few existing code provisions. Among them, fib Model Code 2010 (MC 2010) provides the biggest amount of necessary information and recommendations in order to design FRC elements. Yet, a lack of the guidelines for the design of elements loaded with different combinations of bending moment and axial force is noticed in the existing code provisions. Therefore, in the scope of this paper, interaction curves for FRC are developed. The interaction curves are developed for both, ultimate limit state (ULS) and serviceability limit state (SLS). Furthermore, example of the use of such interaction curves is given. Comparison in the design of reservoir made of reinforced concrete (RC) and FRC is performed. It is shown that the use of FRC especial benefits design according to SLS, as FRC provides better behaviour regarding crack spacing and crack width of element, while developed interaction curves for SLS significantly decrease the time necessary for such a design.
{"title":"Design of Fibre-Reinforced Concrete Structures","authors":"Bogdan Šakić","doi":"10.58245/ipsi.tir.2401.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58245/ipsi.tir.2401.09","url":null,"abstract":"Different types of concrete are invented in the past years, in order to improve it`s behaviour for different loading and environmental situations. Among them, fibre reinforced concrete (FRC) is one of the most recently developed concrete types. Design procedures for the FRC elements are included in only a few existing code provisions. Among them, fib Model Code 2010 (MC 2010) provides the biggest amount of necessary information and recommendations in order to design FRC elements. Yet, a lack of the guidelines for the design of elements loaded with different combinations of bending moment and axial force is noticed in the existing code provisions. Therefore, in the scope of this paper, interaction curves for FRC are developed. The interaction curves are developed for both, ultimate limit state (ULS) and serviceability limit state (SLS). Furthermore, example of the use of such interaction curves is given. Comparison in the design of reservoir made of reinforced concrete (RC) and FRC is performed. It is shown that the use of FRC especial benefits design according to SLS, as FRC provides better behaviour regarding crack spacing and crack width of element, while developed interaction curves for SLS significantly decrease the time necessary for such a design.","PeriodicalId":516644,"journal":{"name":"IPSI Transactions on Internet Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140527216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.58245/ipsi.tir.2401.11
M. Marinković, C. Butenweg
In this study, the common issue related to the masonry infilled reinforced concrete (RC) frames under earthquake loading has been investigated. Namely, infilled RC frames are used in construction sector all over the world since they are easy and fast to construct. However, every medium to strong earthquake showed that this system is highly vulnerable to the seismic effects. Significant damage of infill walls, but also of the load carrying frame system demonstrates that stiff mortar connection between brittle masonry and highly deformable RC frames is not adequate. Damage of infilled RC frames lead to the high amounts of losses after earthquakes. Therefore, there is need to improve this behavior. Several problems caused by the infill/frame interaction have been investigated for decades and different approaches for modelling and improvement have been proposed. However, still there is no consensus on the modelling approach for infilled frames, as well none of the proposed solutions has not been accepted in practice. The most promising solution is to decouple infills from the frames and in this way diminishes negative effects of infill/frame interaction. This paper focuses on the short column effects, where infill walls increase shear forces in the columns, thus causing their damage. The numerical investigation of the short column effects on the traditional and decoupled infill has been presented. The analysis shows that the proposed decoupling system significantly improves the behavior of infilled RC frames. Infills are not activated by the frame deflection under earthquake loading and infills are not causing increase of forces in the surrounding frame. Results confirm that decoupled infills behave much better than traditional infills where contact between frame and infill has been achieved via mortar. Much higher in-plane drifts can be reached by using the decoupling INODIS system.
{"title":"Solving the Problem of Short Column Effects in Masonry Infilled RC Frames: Numerical Investigations","authors":"M. Marinković, C. Butenweg","doi":"10.58245/ipsi.tir.2401.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58245/ipsi.tir.2401.11","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the common issue related to the masonry infilled reinforced concrete (RC) frames under earthquake loading has been investigated. Namely, infilled RC frames are used in construction sector all over the world since they are easy and fast to construct. However, every medium to strong earthquake showed that this system is highly vulnerable to the seismic effects. Significant damage of infill walls, but also of the load carrying frame system demonstrates that stiff mortar connection between brittle masonry and highly deformable RC frames is not adequate. Damage of infilled RC frames lead to the high amounts of losses after earthquakes. Therefore, there is need to improve this behavior. Several problems caused by the infill/frame interaction have been investigated for decades and different approaches for modelling and improvement have been proposed. However, still there is no consensus on the modelling approach for infilled frames, as well none of the proposed solutions has not been accepted in practice. The most promising solution is to decouple infills from the frames and in this way diminishes negative effects of infill/frame interaction. This paper focuses on the short column effects, where infill walls increase shear forces in the columns, thus causing their damage. The numerical investigation of the short column effects on the traditional and decoupled infill has been presented. The analysis shows that the proposed decoupling system significantly improves the behavior of infilled RC frames. Infills are not activated by the frame deflection under earthquake loading and infills are not causing increase of forces in the surrounding frame. Results confirm that decoupled infills behave much better than traditional infills where contact between frame and infill has been achieved via mortar. Much higher in-plane drifts can be reached by using the decoupling INODIS system.","PeriodicalId":516644,"journal":{"name":"IPSI Transactions on Internet Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139640858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.58245/ipsi.tir.2401.06
N. Rishe, Masoud Sadjadi, Malek Adjouadi
Extensive prior work has provided methods for the optimization of routing based on the criteria of travel time and/or the cost of travel and/or the distance traveled. A typical method of routing involves building a graph comprised of street segments, assigning a normalized weighted value to each segment, and then applying the weighted-shorted path algorithm to the graph to find the best route. Some users desire that the routing suggestion include consideration pertaining to the reduction of risk of encountering violent crime. For example, a user desires a leisurely walk via a safe route from her hotel in an unknown city. Here, we present a method to quantify such user preferences and the risks of encountering crime and to augment the standard routing methods by assigning weights to safety considerations. The proposed method’s advantages, in comparison to other crimeavoidance routing algorithms, include weighting crime types with respect to their potential detrimental value to the user, with temporal qualification and quantification of crime and its statistical aggregation at the geographic resolution down to a city block.
{"title":"Crime-Avoiding Routing Navigation","authors":"N. Rishe, Masoud Sadjadi, Malek Adjouadi","doi":"10.58245/ipsi.tir.2401.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58245/ipsi.tir.2401.06","url":null,"abstract":"Extensive prior work has provided methods for the optimization of routing based on the criteria of travel time and/or the cost of travel and/or the distance traveled. A typical method of routing involves building a graph comprised of street segments, assigning a normalized weighted value to each segment, and then applying the weighted-shorted path algorithm to the graph to find the best route. Some users desire that the routing suggestion include consideration pertaining to the reduction of risk of encountering violent crime. For example, a user desires a leisurely walk via a safe route from her hotel in an unknown city. Here, we present a method to quantify such user preferences and the risks of encountering crime and to augment the standard routing methods by assigning weights to safety considerations. The proposed method’s advantages, in comparison to other crimeavoidance routing algorithms, include weighting crime types with respect to their potential detrimental value to the user, with temporal qualification and quantification of crime and its statistical aggregation at the geographic resolution down to a city block.","PeriodicalId":516644,"journal":{"name":"IPSI Transactions on Internet Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140521325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.58245/ipsi.tir.2401.05
D. Radaković, William Steingartner
Identifying and classifying the commonness of errors made by novices learning to write computer programs has long been of interest to both: researchers and educators. When teachers understand the nature of these errors and how students correct them, instruction can be more effective. Some errors occur more frequently than others. In this paper, we examine the most common programming errors made by beginning first-year high school gifted mathematics students in Mathematical High School. Notwithstanding the extensive coverage of these error types in lectures and learning materials, we found that these errors still occur when students write programs. Our results suggest that students who habitually make all common errors have lower grades, but even excellent students make logical errors in loop conditions. Therefore, we advise more practice in logical reasoning for novice programmers and an introduction to formal semantics.
{"title":"Common Errors in High School Novice Programming","authors":"D. Radaković, William Steingartner","doi":"10.58245/ipsi.tir.2401.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58245/ipsi.tir.2401.05","url":null,"abstract":"Identifying and classifying the commonness of errors made by novices learning to write computer programs has long been of interest to both: researchers and educators. When teachers understand the nature of these errors and how students correct them, instruction can be more effective. Some errors occur more frequently than others. In this paper, we examine the most common programming errors made by beginning first-year high school gifted mathematics students in Mathematical High School. Notwithstanding the extensive coverage of these error types in lectures and learning materials, we found that these errors still occur when students write programs. Our results suggest that students who habitually make all common errors have lower grades, but even excellent students make logical errors in loop conditions. Therefore, we advise more practice in logical reasoning for novice programmers and an introduction to formal semantics.","PeriodicalId":516644,"journal":{"name":"IPSI Transactions on Internet Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140527322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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