Pub Date : 2024-01-14DOI: 10.18549/pharmpract.2023.3.2859
Ganesh Sritheran Paneerselvam, Lee Kwing Chin Kenneth, Raja Ahsan Aftab, Roland Gamini Sirisinghe
Background: Significant proportion of haemodialysis (HD) patients fails to comply with their prescribed medication regimens, leading to poor health outcomes and survival rates. This highlights the need for interventions that improve medication adherence thereby leading to improved patient outcomes. Objectives: To evaluate the impact of motivational interviewing, a skilful clinical method to improve medication adherence among HD patients. Methods: A pre-post study was conducted prospectively among 63 HD patients at multicentre dialysis units. The recruited patients received three sessions of MI which helps in addressing patient beliefs around medication and overcome barriers for nonadherence. General medication adherence scale (GMAS) was used to evaluate the medication adherence among enrolled patients. An independent t-test was used to analyze the impact of MI in improving adherence among HD patients. In this study, the level of significance was 0.05. Results: A total of 63 patients (27 males and 36 females; mean age 48.5±13.9 years) were included in the study. While the mean of dialysis duration and number of medications was 7.7±6.0 years and 8.1±2.2 respectively. Paired t-test showed a significant increase in medication adherence score from a baseline for nonadherence domain of patient’s attitude and nonadherence domain of additional illness and pill overload at the end of the study (p<0.05). However, the non-adherence domain of financial constraints, was not statistically significant, p=0.507. Motivational interviewing was effective in increasing intrinsic positive attitude by resolving their ambivalence thus improving the adherence towards medication. Conclusion: This study emphasized that MI conducted by pharmacist effectively improves HD patients’ medication adherence. Healthcare professionals ought to employ this strategy in order to assist HD patients in better taking their medications.
背景：相当一部分血液透析（HD）患者未能遵照处方用药，导致健康状况和存活率低下。因此，有必要采取干预措施，提高患者的用药依从性，从而改善患者的治疗效果。研究目的评估动机访谈这种娴熟的临床方法对提高血液透析患者服药依从性的影响。方法在多中心透析单位的 63 名血液透析患者中开展了一项前瞻性研究。被招募的患者接受了三次多元智能治疗，这有助于消除患者的用药观念，克服不坚持用药的障碍。一般用药依从性量表（GMAS）用于评估入组患者的用药依从性。采用独立的 t 检验来分析多元智能对提高 HD 患者依从性的影响。本研究的显著性水平为 0.05。结果本研究共纳入 63 名患者（男性 27 人，女性 36 人；平均年龄为 48.5±13.9 岁）。透析时间和用药次数的平均值分别为 7.7±6.0 年和 8.1±2.2。配对 t 检验显示，在研究结束时，患者态度的非依从性领域以及附加疾病和药片过量的非依从性领域的用药依从性得分与基线相比均有显著提高（P<0.05）。然而，在经济限制这一不依从领域，P=0.507，无统计学意义。动机访谈通过解决患者的矛盾心理，有效提高了他们的内在积极态度，从而改善了他们的服药依从性。结论本研究强调，由药剂师进行的激励访谈能有效改善血液透析患者的服药依从性。医护人员应采用这一策略，以协助高清患者更好地服药。
{"title":"Medication adherence among hemodialysis patients: the impact of pharmacist-led motivational interviewing","authors":"Ganesh Sritheran Paneerselvam, Lee Kwing Chin Kenneth, Raja Ahsan Aftab, Roland Gamini Sirisinghe","doi":"10.18549/pharmpract.2023.3.2859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18549/pharmpract.2023.3.2859","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Significant proportion of haemodialysis (HD) patients fails to comply with their prescribed medication regimens, leading to poor health outcomes and survival rates. This highlights the need for interventions that improve medication adherence thereby leading to improved patient outcomes. Objectives: To evaluate the impact of motivational interviewing, a skilful clinical method to improve medication adherence among HD patients. Methods: A pre-post study was conducted prospectively among 63 HD patients at multicentre dialysis units. The recruited patients received three sessions of MI which helps in addressing patient beliefs around medication and overcome barriers for nonadherence. General medication adherence scale (GMAS) was used to evaluate the medication adherence among enrolled patients. An independent t-test was used to analyze the impact of MI in improving adherence among HD patients. In this study, the level of significance was 0.05. Results: A total of 63 patients (27 males and 36 females; mean age 48.5±13.9 years) were included in the study. While the mean of dialysis duration and number of medications was 7.7±6.0 years and 8.1±2.2 respectively. Paired t-test showed a significant increase in medication adherence score from a baseline for nonadherence domain of patient’s attitude and nonadherence domain of additional illness and pill overload at the end of the study (p<0.05). However, the non-adherence domain of financial constraints, was not statistically significant, p=0.507. Motivational interviewing was effective in increasing intrinsic positive attitude by resolving their ambivalence thus improving the adherence towards medication. Conclusion: This study emphasized that MI conducted by pharmacist effectively improves HD patients’ medication adherence. Healthcare professionals ought to employ this strategy in order to assist HD patients in better taking their medications.","PeriodicalId":516653,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140509009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-14DOI: 10.18549/pharmpract.2023.4.2860
Dhfer Mahdi Alshayban, S. Kurdi, Royes Joseph, Shaher Zafer Al Alshehri, Mohammed S Alsharani, Yusuf M Garwan, Mohammed Alshaiban
{"title":"Predictors of adherence to diabetes medications: multicentre study from the Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia","authors":"Dhfer Mahdi Alshayban, S. Kurdi, Royes Joseph, Shaher Zafer Al Alshehri, Mohammed S Alsharani, Yusuf M Garwan, Mohammed Alshaiban","doi":"10.18549/pharmpract.2023.4.2860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18549/pharmpract.2023.4.2860","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":516653,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139640664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-14DOI: 10.18549/pharmpract.2023.4.2877
A. Hernández-Vásquez, Fabriccio J Visconti-Lopez, Dustin M Solorzano-Salazar, Antonio Barrenechea-Pulache
Objective: The objective of this study was to identify the prevalence and factors associated with the use of drugs without evidence for the prevention of COVID-19 in Peruvians without symptoms or diagnosis, using the National Household Survey (ENAHO) 2021. Methods: A secondary analysis was made of the ENAHO 2021. We evaluated participants older than 18 years who did not undergo any test to diagnose COVID-19 and used any drug to prevent COVID-19. Adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) were estimated to determine the associated factors. Results: Among the 69,815 participants analyzed, the prevalence of taking a drug 4 weeks prior to the survey was 5.64%. Factors associated with drug consumption were: age 30-59 years (aPR 1.47; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.32-1.65); having a higher education (aPR 1.73; 95% CI:1.28-2.33); having a chronic disease (aPR 1.40; 95% CI: 1.26-1.56); not having poverty status (aPR 1.40; 95% CI: 1.26-1.56); living in an urban area (aPR 1.61; 95% CI: 1.31-1.99). Meanwhile, living in the highlands (aPR 0.77; 95% CI: 0.60-0.97) and not having a landline, cell phone, television or internet at home (aPR 0.65; 95% CI: 0.43-0.98) were protective factors from unnecessary drug consumption. Conclusion: It is concerning that even after one year of living with the pandemic and having refuted the utility of medications such as ivermectin and azithromycin, these drugs are still widely consumed by a sector of the population without symptoms or a diagnosis of COVID-19. Therefore, it is necessary to formulate and implement public health measures that address this problem, considering the associated factors to reduce this consumption.
{"title":"Prevalence and factors associated with self-medication for COVID-19 prevention using disproven drugs in Peru: a cross-sectional nationwide study","authors":"A. Hernández-Vásquez, Fabriccio J Visconti-Lopez, Dustin M Solorzano-Salazar, Antonio Barrenechea-Pulache","doi":"10.18549/pharmpract.2023.4.2877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18549/pharmpract.2023.4.2877","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The objective of this study was to identify the prevalence and factors associated with the use of drugs without evidence for the prevention of COVID-19 in Peruvians without symptoms or diagnosis, using the National Household Survey (ENAHO) 2021. Methods: A secondary analysis was made of the ENAHO 2021. We evaluated participants older than 18 years who did not undergo any test to diagnose COVID-19 and used any drug to prevent COVID-19. Adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) were estimated to determine the associated factors. Results: Among the 69,815 participants analyzed, the prevalence of taking a drug 4 weeks prior to the survey was 5.64%. Factors associated with drug consumption were: age 30-59 years (aPR 1.47; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.32-1.65); having a higher education (aPR 1.73; 95% CI:1.28-2.33); having a chronic disease (aPR 1.40; 95% CI: 1.26-1.56); not having poverty status (aPR 1.40; 95% CI: 1.26-1.56); living in an urban area (aPR 1.61; 95% CI: 1.31-1.99). Meanwhile, living in the highlands (aPR 0.77; 95% CI: 0.60-0.97) and not having a landline, cell phone, television or internet at home (aPR 0.65; 95% CI: 0.43-0.98) were protective factors from unnecessary drug consumption. Conclusion: It is concerning that even after one year of living with the pandemic and having refuted the utility of medications such as ivermectin and azithromycin, these drugs are still widely consumed by a sector of the population without symptoms or a diagnosis of COVID-19. Therefore, it is necessary to formulate and implement public health measures that address this problem, considering the associated factors to reduce this consumption.","PeriodicalId":516653,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140508659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Over a long history, the pharmacy was developed in close connection with Traditional Mongolian Medicine (TMM) as one part of it. TMM was Mongolia’s only available healthcare method before Western medicine was introduced in the 20 th century. The pharmaceutical sector, founded in 1923, has played an essential role in the health system of Mongolia over the last hundred years. During the socialist time, the pharmaceutical sector was state-owned, and privatization started in 1990 when Mongolia transitioned from a centrally planned economy to a market economy. Mongolian current pharmaceutical sector is fully privatized except for public hospital pharmacies, and as of the end of 2021, 2822 pharmaceutical facilities were operating in Mongolia. Before the transition to the market economy, the functions of the pharmaceutical sector were mainly focused on the production, supply, compounding, and dispensing of drugs. Still, since 1990, the scope of pharmaceutical care services has changed. The pharmaceutical care service has been transferring from product-oriented to patient-centered care since the mid-1990s.
{"title":"Pharmacy services in Mongolia: Historical background and current situation","authors":"Purevsuren Sodnomtseren, Munkhbat Sukhee, Davaadulam Baljinnyam, Tungalag Battulga, Ankhtuya Batsukh","doi":"10.18549/pharmpract.2023.4.2879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18549/pharmpract.2023.4.2879","url":null,"abstract":"Over a long history, the pharmacy was developed in close connection with Traditional Mongolian Medicine (TMM) as one part of it. TMM was Mongolia’s only available healthcare method before Western medicine was introduced in the 20 th century. The pharmaceutical sector, founded in 1923, has played an essential role in the health system of Mongolia over the last hundred years. During the socialist time, the pharmaceutical sector was state-owned, and privatization started in 1990 when Mongolia transitioned from a centrally planned economy to a market economy. Mongolian current pharmaceutical sector is fully privatized except for public hospital pharmacies, and as of the end of 2021, 2822 pharmaceutical facilities were operating in Mongolia. Before the transition to the market economy, the functions of the pharmaceutical sector were mainly focused on the production, supply, compounding, and dispensing of drugs. Still, since 1990, the scope of pharmaceutical care services has changed. The pharmaceutical care service has been transferring from product-oriented to patient-centered care since the mid-1990s.","PeriodicalId":516653,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140508817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enhancing extemporaneous preparations in Thai Hospitals: exploring variation, common formulations, and challenges and needs related to extemporaneous preparations","authors":"Teeraporn Sadira Supapaan, Chinnawat Jamlongpeng, Natthapon Yangyuen, Komkrit Srisawai, Lersak Prachuabaree, Wannaporn Wattanawong, J. Anansushatgul, Thanatcha Songmuang, S. Sripa, Chonladda Pitchayajittipong","doi":"10.18549/pharmpract.2023.4.2892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18549/pharmpract.2023.4.2892","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":516653,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140508877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-14DOI: 10.18549/pharmpract.2023.4.2901
Rana Abutaima, Rana Abufarha, S. Thiab, Hamza Alhamad, Fares Albahar
Background: Self-medication with over-the-counter products has dramatically increased following coronavirus disease of 2019 pandemic. For safe public use of these products, Pharmacy and Doctor of Pharmacy students are expected to have proper knowledge and perception towards these products dispensing and associated interactions. Objectives: A cross-sectional survey was developed to assess Pharmacy and Doctor of Pharmacy students’ knowledge and perception towards drug interactions of over the counter products. Methods: Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire and statistically analyzed. Descriptive statistics (frequency) were analyzed for participants’ demographics. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association between over the counter products and relevant interactions with medications to treat chronic illnesses. A P value < 0.05 was used to determine statistical significance. Results: Responses were 411 and only 389 were included. 76.6% were studying Bachelor of Pharmacy and 86.1% were on a regular study program. Recipients of Pharmacy training were 65.3% and 62.0% of participants studied over the counter course. Orphenadrine muscle relaxant was the mostly identified over the counter product (n= 339, 87.1%). Majority of students (n= 345, 88.7%) consider that OTC products help improving conditions being dispensed for. Bridging students and those who studied over the counter course showed significant knowledge in drug interactions compared to regular-program students and those who did not complete the course (P= 0.004, P< 0.001, respectively). Of the 389 respondents, 79.9% and 79.2% considered hydrochlorothiazide and metformin as over the counter products, respectively, compared to 54.0% for amoxicillin. Conclusion: College of Pharmacy students showed moderate knowledge towards drug interactions of over the counter products. This warrant the necessity to shed the light on inclusion of drug interactions Pharmacy curriculum and to include reliable applications to help in checking drug interactions before dispensing and to emphasize on distinguishing in between prescription and non-prescription medications.
{"title":"Cross-Sectional Assessment of Pharmacy Students’ Knowledge and Perception of Drug-Drug Interactions with Over the Counter Products","authors":"Rana Abutaima, Rana Abufarha, S. Thiab, Hamza Alhamad, Fares Albahar","doi":"10.18549/pharmpract.2023.4.2901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18549/pharmpract.2023.4.2901","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Self-medication with over-the-counter products has dramatically increased following coronavirus disease of 2019 pandemic. For safe public use of these products, Pharmacy and Doctor of Pharmacy students are expected to have proper knowledge and perception towards these products dispensing and associated interactions. Objectives: A cross-sectional survey was developed to assess Pharmacy and Doctor of Pharmacy students’ knowledge and perception towards drug interactions of over the counter products. Methods: Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire and statistically analyzed. Descriptive statistics (frequency) were analyzed for participants’ demographics. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association between over the counter products and relevant interactions with medications to treat chronic illnesses. A P value < 0.05 was used to determine statistical significance. Results: Responses were 411 and only 389 were included. 76.6% were studying Bachelor of Pharmacy and 86.1% were on a regular study program. Recipients of Pharmacy training were 65.3% and 62.0% of participants studied over the counter course. Orphenadrine muscle relaxant was the mostly identified over the counter product (n= 339, 87.1%). Majority of students (n= 345, 88.7%) consider that OTC products help improving conditions being dispensed for. Bridging students and those who studied over the counter course showed significant knowledge in drug interactions compared to regular-program students and those who did not complete the course (P= 0.004, P< 0.001, respectively). Of the 389 respondents, 79.9% and 79.2% considered hydrochlorothiazide and metformin as over the counter products, respectively, compared to 54.0% for amoxicillin. Conclusion: College of Pharmacy students showed moderate knowledge towards drug interactions of over the counter products. This warrant the necessity to shed the light on inclusion of drug interactions Pharmacy curriculum and to include reliable applications to help in checking drug interactions before dispensing and to emphasize on distinguishing in between prescription and non-prescription medications.","PeriodicalId":516653,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140508927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-14DOI: 10.18549/pharmpract.2023.4.2893
M. Alwadi, Rawan Badaineh, Tareq Alwedyan, Esraa Gogazeh, Ola A Badir
Background: Metformin is one of the most important treatments for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Mostly metformin has a safe profile but, in some cases, it may cause some serious long-term hematological and neurological side effects mainly due to vitamin B12 deficiency. It is proven that there is a strong association between B12 deficiency and hematological and neurological manifestations, especially for T2DM patients on metformin. Hence, the American Diabetic Association (ADA) recommends vitamin B12 screening for those on metformin for a long duration. Objectives: To evaluate the knowledge and practice of family physicians among diabetic patients on metformin, and to evaluate the factors that enhance and prevent vitamin B12 screening. Method: A validated questionnaire was designed and distributed online for family medicine practitioners between June and September 2022. 147 family physicians participated in the study. A scoring system was used to calculate the knowledge, practice, and total scores. Results: The results reveal a high total knowledge score among participants about vitamin B12 manifestations and screening in T2DM patients. However, only half of the participants follow the ADA recommendations routinely (53.06) %. The total practice score is low as most participants (87.7%) answer only 9 of 18 questions correctly. Moreover, the results show that those who follow ADA recommendations routinely have better knowledge and practice scores (p-value 0.00406). Conclusion: More awareness about ADA recommendations and the practice of vitamin B12 screening in T2DM patients who use metformin for family physicians is required, either by encouraging them to order B12 through workshops and continuous learning programs or by the availability of tools needed to test B12.
{"title":"Assessment of the knowledge and practice of Jordanian family medicine practitioners regarding vitamin B12 screening for type 2 diabetes mellitus patients on metformin","authors":"M. Alwadi, Rawan Badaineh, Tareq Alwedyan, Esraa Gogazeh, Ola A Badir","doi":"10.18549/pharmpract.2023.4.2893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18549/pharmpract.2023.4.2893","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Metformin is one of the most important treatments for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Mostly metformin has a safe profile but, in some cases, it may cause some serious long-term hematological and neurological side effects mainly due to vitamin B12 deficiency. It is proven that there is a strong association between B12 deficiency and hematological and neurological manifestations, especially for T2DM patients on metformin. Hence, the American Diabetic Association (ADA) recommends vitamin B12 screening for those on metformin for a long duration. Objectives: To evaluate the knowledge and practice of family physicians among diabetic patients on metformin, and to evaluate the factors that enhance and prevent vitamin B12 screening. Method: A validated questionnaire was designed and distributed online for family medicine practitioners between June and September 2022. 147 family physicians participated in the study. A scoring system was used to calculate the knowledge, practice, and total scores. Results: The results reveal a high total knowledge score among participants about vitamin B12 manifestations and screening in T2DM patients. However, only half of the participants follow the ADA recommendations routinely (53.06) %. The total practice score is low as most participants (87.7%) answer only 9 of 18 questions correctly. Moreover, the results show that those who follow ADA recommendations routinely have better knowledge and practice scores (p-value 0.00406). Conclusion: More awareness about ADA recommendations and the practice of vitamin B12 screening in T2DM patients who use metformin for family physicians is required, either by encouraging them to order B12 through workshops and continuous learning programs or by the availability of tools needed to test B12.","PeriodicalId":516653,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140508966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-14DOI: 10.18549/pharmpract.2023.4.2863
Mohammad Abu Assab, D. Jaber, Fares Albahar, Hamza Alhamad, T. Mukattash, Hebah Al-Mathani, Hanadi Abu Assab
Background: The medication review service (MRS) is a valuable community pharmacies-based health service to patients, ensuring optimal medication use and reducing medication errors. Nevertheless, it remains limited in scope and empowerment without remuneration for providing the service. Objective: This study aimed to assess private health insurance (PHI) and third-party administration (TPA) firms’ perspectives regarding the MRS offered by community pharmacies in Jordan and the extent of their willingness to pay for this service. Method: The research was an observational, cross-sectional study conducted using a constructed and validated Arabic questionnaire that was distributed electronically to the key health insurance decision-makers (general managers, operational managers, medical network managers, directors, and supervisors) among all the (22) PHI and TPA active firms that are members of the Jordan Insurance Federation (JIF) and licensed under the insurance administration in the Ministry of Industry and Trade. Participants provided their consent electronically before filling out the questionnaire. Results: 50 health insurance decision-makers agreed to participate in this study. 48% partially (42%) or completely (6%) heard about the medication review service. Most respondents (n=35, 70%) believed the medication review service is expected to reduce the cost of medications. Furthermore, they believed the service is expected to reduce the cost of the medical bill by ensuring the medication is not repeated within a short time unless advised by the doctor, checking the exact dosage regimen of each drug, and using alternative medicines at lower cost (74%, 64%, and 60%) of respondents respectively. Half of the respondents were eager to remunerate for the medication review service, with the majority willing to pay less than 10 Jordanian Dinars (JODs) per patient. Conclusion: Although almost half of the PHI and TPA firms’ decision-makers had not heard about the MRS before, achieving eventual cost savings in the reimbursed medication value strongly motivated them to reimburse for the service. Pharmacy and health policymakers are in place to take further steps to empower the service and find common ground with insurance parties to reimburse it for improved medical health insurance services to their beneficiaries with overall cost savings.
{"title":"Willingness to pay for community pharmacies-based medication review service: perspectives of private health insurance firms","authors":"Mohammad Abu Assab, D. Jaber, Fares Albahar, Hamza Alhamad, T. Mukattash, Hebah Al-Mathani, Hanadi Abu Assab","doi":"10.18549/pharmpract.2023.4.2863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18549/pharmpract.2023.4.2863","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The medication review service (MRS) is a valuable community pharmacies-based health service to patients, ensuring optimal medication use and reducing medication errors. Nevertheless, it remains limited in scope and empowerment without remuneration for providing the service. Objective: This study aimed to assess private health insurance (PHI) and third-party administration (TPA) firms’ perspectives regarding the MRS offered by community pharmacies in Jordan and the extent of their willingness to pay for this service. Method: The research was an observational, cross-sectional study conducted using a constructed and validated Arabic questionnaire that was distributed electronically to the key health insurance decision-makers (general managers, operational managers, medical network managers, directors, and supervisors) among all the (22) PHI and TPA active firms that are members of the Jordan Insurance Federation (JIF) and licensed under the insurance administration in the Ministry of Industry and Trade. Participants provided their consent electronically before filling out the questionnaire. Results: 50 health insurance decision-makers agreed to participate in this study. 48% partially (42%) or completely (6%) heard about the medication review service. Most respondents (n=35, 70%) believed the medication review service is expected to reduce the cost of medications. Furthermore, they believed the service is expected to reduce the cost of the medical bill by ensuring the medication is not repeated within a short time unless advised by the doctor, checking the exact dosage regimen of each drug, and using alternative medicines at lower cost (74%, 64%, and 60%) of respondents respectively. Half of the respondents were eager to remunerate for the medication review service, with the majority willing to pay less than 10 Jordanian Dinars (JODs) per patient. Conclusion: Although almost half of the PHI and TPA firms’ decision-makers had not heard about the MRS before, achieving eventual cost savings in the reimbursed medication value strongly motivated them to reimburse for the service. Pharmacy and health policymakers are in place to take further steps to empower the service and find common ground with insurance parties to reimburse it for improved medical health insurance services to their beneficiaries with overall cost savings.","PeriodicalId":516653,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140508677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-14DOI: 10.18549/pharmpract.2023.4.2865
Grana Almudena, Cristina Carrera, Botana Luis
Background: The development of clinical pharmacy practice for humans and animals in the recent years has resulted in new goals and challenges for pharmacists that work to improve patient care, preventing medication related problems and optimizing resources. Currently, in Spain, there are so many dogs’ and cats’ vaccines from different manufacturers, with different microorganisms’ combination which are not readily identifiable. This fact makes us wonder if they are all necessary and/or convenient, and if they meet the criteria of the international guidelines. Objective: It aimed to examine the current situation of vaccination in dogs and cats in Spain, as well as if available vaccines are suitable, or if the technical data sheets match with the recommendations of consensus guides. Methods: All available vaccines in Spain were counted, evaluated and classified by using the search engine CIMAvet, into monovalent or combined and suitable or unsuitable according to their composition and vaccination schedule with guidelines WSAVA and COLAVAC. Results: As a result, we found 15 vaccines for dogs and 7 for cats, when attending to its composition. However, it gives rise to 46 vaccines for dogs and 14 for cats, if we regarded to the different manufacturers. The 69.6% of dogs’ and 57.1% of cats’ vaccines were considered unsuitable. Resulting as optimal combinations of microorganisms: Bordetella+Parainfluenza, Distemper+Adenovirus+Parvovirus, Leptospira alone and Rabies alone for dogs and Calicivirus+Herpes virus+Panleukopenia, Leukemia alone and Rabies alone for cats. Besides, it was observed that vaccines data sheet don´t meet with international schedule in percentages of 69.6% and 64.3% respectively. Conclusion: Only 28.6% of dogs’ and 42.9% of cats’ vaccines in Spain, are considered suitable, and 30.4% of dogs’ and 35.7% of cats’ vaccines data sheets fully agree with guidelines. Thus, we highly suggest, data sheets updating a recommended vaccination schedule and the unification in vaccines nomenclature, totally necessary, from our point of view, to help veterinarians in the clinical decision-making process to vaccinate properly with the lowest risks and minimizing costs, promoting therapeutic adherence and providing a beneficial impact on animals and society. .
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