This article explores the dynamics of settler mimicry in Israel—Palestine and its manifestations in the visual arts. It probes the operation of mimicry as a colonial strategy but also emphasizes its decolonial potential. Although imitation of the Palestinian natives enables Israeli settlers to annex the territory, this article suggests that mimicry can be delinked from its colonial registers and transform the settlers’ worldview. This analysis seeks to expand the insights of Patrick Wolfe, who saw the elimination of the natives as the central feature of settler colonialism. By highlighting instances in which the settler mimics the native, this article challenges his reductionist framework, which pins colonial projects to their materialist objectives. Whereas exploitation colonialism uses the colony’s resources, Wolfe contends, settler colonialism is geared toward the seizure of land, and hence toward physical and ideological elimination of the native. This article, on the other hand, emphasizes the complexity of settler colonialism and foregrounds the tension between the cultural apparatuses of elimination and mimicry. While imitation facilitates the indigenization of settlers, it also highlights the presence of natives. This internal tension renders the operation of settler colonialism ambiguous and thus can be utilized to decolonize Zionism.
{"title":"Settler Mimicry: Colonization and Decolonization through Imitation","authors":"A. Anzi","doi":"10.5325/pir.1.1.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/pir.1.1.0007","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article explores the dynamics of settler mimicry in Israel—Palestine and its manifestations in the visual arts. It probes the operation of mimicry as a colonial strategy but also emphasizes its decolonial potential. Although imitation of the Palestinian natives enables Israeli settlers to annex the territory, this article suggests that mimicry can be delinked from its colonial registers and transform the settlers’ worldview. This analysis seeks to expand the insights of Patrick Wolfe, who saw the elimination of the natives as the central feature of settler colonialism. By highlighting instances in which the settler mimics the native, this article challenges his reductionist framework, which pins colonial projects to their materialist objectives. Whereas exploitation colonialism uses the colony’s resources, Wolfe contends, settler colonialism is geared toward the seizure of land, and hence toward physical and ideological elimination of the native. This article, on the other hand, emphasizes the complexity of settler colonialism and foregrounds the tension between the cultural apparatuses of elimination and mimicry. While imitation facilitates the indigenization of settlers, it also highlights the presence of natives. This internal tension renders the operation of settler colonialism ambiguous and thus can be utilized to decolonize Zionism.","PeriodicalId":516695,"journal":{"name":"Palestine/Israel Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140768446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
West Bank exports to Israel have faced significant challenges due to the Israeli system of spatial control, aimed at controlling Palestinians and facilitating settler expansion throughout the West Bank. The routing of Palestinian commercial freight through the separation barrier has escalated logistics costs, while settlement expansion in Area C has further impeded mobility between Palestinian self-rule areas. This article highlights the tactics employed by Palestinian economic actors to offset these challenges within the confines of intensified Israeli spatial control. Using data from observations, interviews, and documentary sources spanning 2019–2023, the study focuses on Palestinian furniture exports to Israel. It reveals that Palestinians have leveraged colonial spatial variations to their advantage by forming partnerships with Israelis to export products through Jewish settlements. The article concludes by advocating a disaggregated level of analysis that uncovers the dynamic interplay between Israeli spatial constraints and Palestinian agency in response. In the case of furniture exporters, this has led to deepening Palestinian–Israeli economic ties and increased engagement with the infrastructure of Israeli occupation to mitigate its economic impact.
由于以色列的空间控制系统旨在控制巴勒斯坦人并促进定居者在整个西岸的扩张，西岸对以色列的出口面临着重大挑战。巴勒斯坦商业货运必须通过隔离墙，这增加了物流成本，而 C 区定居点的扩张进一步阻碍了巴勒斯坦自治地区之间的流动。本文重点介绍了巴勒斯坦经济行为体在以色列加强空间控制的情况下为应对这些挑战所采取的策略。本研究使用的数据来自 2019-2023 年期间的观察、访谈和文献资料，重点关注巴勒斯坦向以色列出口家具的情况。文章揭示了巴勒斯坦人通过与以色列人建立伙伴关系，通过犹太人定居点出口产品，从而利用殖民空间变化为自己带来优势。文章最后主张进行分类分析，以揭示以色列空间限制与巴勒斯坦回应机构之间的动态相互作用。就家具出口商而言，这导致了巴勒斯坦-以色列经济联系的加深，并增加了与以色列占领基础设施的接触，以减轻其对经济的影响。
{"title":"Circumventing Israeli Control: Palestinian Furniture Exports via Israeli Settlements","authors":"Walid Habbas","doi":"10.5325/pir.1.1.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/pir.1.1.0006","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 West Bank exports to Israel have faced significant challenges due to the Israeli system of spatial control, aimed at controlling Palestinians and facilitating settler expansion throughout the West Bank. The routing of Palestinian commercial freight through the separation barrier has escalated logistics costs, while settlement expansion in Area C has further impeded mobility between Palestinian self-rule areas. This article highlights the tactics employed by Palestinian economic actors to offset these challenges within the confines of intensified Israeli spatial control. Using data from observations, interviews, and documentary sources spanning 2019–2023, the study focuses on Palestinian furniture exports to Israel. It reveals that Palestinians have leveraged colonial spatial variations to their advantage by forming partnerships with Israelis to export products through Jewish settlements. The article concludes by advocating a disaggregated level of analysis that uncovers the dynamic interplay between Israeli spatial constraints and Palestinian agency in response. In the case of furniture exporters, this has led to deepening Palestinian–Israeli economic ties and increased engagement with the infrastructure of Israeli occupation to mitigate its economic impact.","PeriodicalId":516695,"journal":{"name":"Palestine/Israel Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140272295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
From 2014 to 2017 I guided half a dozen public walks in Jerusalem’s southern neighborhoods. The walks were conducted during the research and production of the interactive documentary Jerusalem, We Are Here, which digitally reinscribes Palestinians into the neighborhoods from which they were expelled by the 1948 war, or the nakba. The walks were performative and participatory and joined a long tradition of walking as art. They offered an alternative to mainstream Israeli guided tours that manufacture linear and simplistic narratives about the politically contested space of Jerusalem. This article examines the guided walks within critical discourse about the place of art, and specifically the art of walking, as a political practice that unsettles colonial frameworks, or as decolonial gestures. I examine the ways in which the physical walks—primarily for Israeli participants—intervened in a nationalist paradigm and offered Israelis a (rare) emotional and ideological space from which to consider the communities whose dispossession enables Israel to exist. I review the strategies I used to disrupt Israeli denial and encourage accountability within relevant theoretical paradigms, using anecdotes and my own records for analysis. No qualitative data were collected during or after the walking tours. My conclusion is that walking tours can effectively “unsettle” nationalist narratives, encourage settler reckoning, and enable a different kind of seeing or restorying, one of the preconditions for decolonization.
{"title":"Walking to Unsettle Jerusalem","authors":"D. Naaman","doi":"10.5325/pir.1.1.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/pir.1.1.0004","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 From 2014 to 2017 I guided half a dozen public walks in Jerusalem’s southern neighborhoods. The walks were conducted during the research and production of the interactive documentary Jerusalem, We Are Here, which digitally reinscribes Palestinians into the neighborhoods from which they were expelled by the 1948 war, or the nakba. The walks were performative and participatory and joined a long tradition of walking as art. They offered an alternative to mainstream Israeli guided tours that manufacture linear and simplistic narratives about the politically contested space of Jerusalem. This article examines the guided walks within critical discourse about the place of art, and specifically the art of walking, as a political practice that unsettles colonial frameworks, or as decolonial gestures. I examine the ways in which the physical walks—primarily for Israeli participants—intervened in a nationalist paradigm and offered Israelis a (rare) emotional and ideological space from which to consider the communities whose dispossession enables Israel to exist. I review the strategies I used to disrupt Israeli denial and encourage accountability within relevant theoretical paradigms, using anecdotes and my own records for analysis. No qualitative data were collected during or after the walking tours. My conclusion is that walking tours can effectively “unsettle” nationalist narratives, encourage settler reckoning, and enable a different kind of seeing or restorying, one of the preconditions for decolonization.","PeriodicalId":516695,"journal":{"name":"Palestine/Israel Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140087211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Old and New Strategies for Exploiting Structural Change in Palestine/Israel: A Review Essay","authors":"Ian Lustick","doi":"10.5325/pir.1.1.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/pir.1.1.0008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":516695,"journal":{"name":"Palestine/Israel Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140268029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As critical attention to Western colonialism and imperialism has been growing in Middle East studies (MES) globally, the Israeli branch of the discipline often narrates itself as a critical ally, with some going as far as suggesting it is “decolonizing.” By acknowledging their predecessors’ historical contributions to orientalist practices, and mistaking improvement in inclusivity with radical change, Israeli MES scholars self-diagnose a radical transformation, which differentiates past from present and yields an evolved and legitimized version of Israeli MES. Against this view, we argue that the field’s actions testify to the contrary. Selective adherence to “political neutrality,” coupled with overwhelming underrepresentation of Palestinians, effectively safeguards the “unity” of the field’s various Zionist elements over the possibility of solidarity and action, which results in persistent avoidance of explicit, meaningful, and concrete anti-occupation and decolonization practices. The vigorous and nearly unanimous recent attack on the global discipline’s support for boycott, divestment, and sanctions is a recent example of complicity and faux-naïf evasion of the political reality. We conclude by pondering whether more than a lack of will prevents the field’s “decolonization,” calling attention to the structural, interested constraints of operating under legal and societal conditions, as well as under the orientalist presuppositions embedded in the independence of this pliable expertise.
{"title":"Is the Israeli Discipline of “Middle East and Islam Studies” Decolonizing?","authors":"Eyal Clyne, Assaf David","doi":"10.5325/pir.1.1.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/pir.1.1.0009","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 As critical attention to Western colonialism and imperialism has been growing in Middle East studies (MES) globally, the Israeli branch of the discipline often narrates itself as a critical ally, with some going as far as suggesting it is “decolonizing.” By acknowledging their predecessors’ historical contributions to orientalist practices, and mistaking improvement in inclusivity with radical change, Israeli MES scholars self-diagnose a radical transformation, which differentiates past from present and yields an evolved and legitimized version of Israeli MES. Against this view, we argue that the field’s actions testify to the contrary. Selective adherence to “political neutrality,” coupled with overwhelming underrepresentation of Palestinians, effectively safeguards the “unity” of the field’s various Zionist elements over the possibility of solidarity and action, which results in persistent avoidance of explicit, meaningful, and concrete anti-occupation and decolonization practices. The vigorous and nearly unanimous recent attack on the global discipline’s support for boycott, divestment, and sanctions is a recent example of complicity and faux-naïf evasion of the political reality. We conclude by pondering whether more than a lack of will prevents the field’s “decolonization,” calling attention to the structural, interested constraints of operating under legal and societal conditions, as well as under the orientalist presuppositions embedded in the independence of this pliable expertise.","PeriodicalId":516695,"journal":{"name":"Palestine/Israel Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140273252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During the late Ottoman and British Mandate periods, Palestine was an integral component of the audience for the new forms of “colloquial mass culture” that emerged in Cairo. Early Egyptian recording artists, theatre troupes, and the giants of interwar Egyptian popular music—Umm Kulthum and Muhammad Abdel Wahhab—regularly appeared and were warmly received in Palestine. Egyptian performers did not come to Palestine to affirm or reinforce its Arabism. They came because they earned substantial fees for their performances and because they had large and loyal audiences there, some of whom were Jews. The presence of both Arabs and Jews at concerts or in movie theaters did not necessarily mean that they liked each other. Neither did they dislike each other as a matter of principle. This ambiguous legacy was manifested in the political uproar over the naming of streets in honor of Umm Kulthum and Abdel Wahhab in Jerusalem, Ramle, and Haifa in 2020. This was not an indicator of Arab–Jewish coexistence, and it did not represent a conciliation with terrorism. It was a phenomenon in which spectators and fans (and detractors) read themselves into the meanings of the work of artists.
{"title":"Egyptian Popular Culture in Late Ottoman and Mandate Palestine","authors":"J. Beinin","doi":"10.5325/pir.1.1.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/pir.1.1.0005","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 During the late Ottoman and British Mandate periods, Palestine was an integral component of the audience for the new forms of “colloquial mass culture” that emerged in Cairo. Early Egyptian recording artists, theatre troupes, and the giants of interwar Egyptian popular music—Umm Kulthum and Muhammad Abdel Wahhab—regularly appeared and were warmly received in Palestine. Egyptian performers did not come to Palestine to affirm or reinforce its Arabism. They came because they earned substantial fees for their performances and because they had large and loyal audiences there, some of whom were Jews. The presence of both Arabs and Jews at concerts or in movie theaters did not necessarily mean that they liked each other. Neither did they dislike each other as a matter of principle. This ambiguous legacy was manifested in the political uproar over the naming of streets in honor of Umm Kulthum and Abdel Wahhab in Jerusalem, Ramle, and Haifa in 2020. This was not an indicator of Arab–Jewish coexistence, and it did not represent a conciliation with terrorism. It was a phenomenon in which spectators and fans (and detractors) read themselves into the meanings of the work of artists.","PeriodicalId":516695,"journal":{"name":"Palestine/Israel Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140273536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This essay questions the axiomatic ontology of the “Judeo-Arabic language” as a cohesive unit separate from Arabic and its entanglement in the persistent ambivalence surrounding the conjoining of “the Jewish” and “the Arab.” In the wake of the partition of Palestine and the dislocation of Arab-Jews to Israel, classificatory categories, which can be traced to the nineteenth-century academic meeting ground of Semitic/Oriental and Hebraic/Judaic studies, came to be reinforced in the twentieth century within Zionist discourse. Largely shaped by foundational scholars of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, knowledge production about Arabic-speaking Jews was embedded in what the essay regards as “Judeo-Arabic Orientalism.” Entrenched in the politics of linguistic naming is a partitioning ethnonationalist imaginary of culture and belonging. The epistemic framework undergirding “Judeo-Arabic language” is emblematic of what the essay refers to as “the separationist thesis.” Revisiting a few key arguments, the essay traces the genealogy not of a language but rather of an idea of a language, highlighting the invention of a paradoxical formation—an Arabic that is at once non-Arabic.
{"title":"“Judeo-Arabic” and the Separationist Thesis","authors":"Ella Shohat","doi":"10.5325/pir.1.1.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/pir.1.1.0002","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This essay questions the axiomatic ontology of the “Judeo-Arabic language” as a cohesive unit separate from Arabic and its entanglement in the persistent ambivalence surrounding the conjoining of “the Jewish” and “the Arab.” In the wake of the partition of Palestine and the dislocation of Arab-Jews to Israel, classificatory categories, which can be traced to the nineteenth-century academic meeting ground of Semitic/Oriental and Hebraic/Judaic studies, came to be reinforced in the twentieth century within Zionist discourse. Largely shaped by foundational scholars of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, knowledge production about Arabic-speaking Jews was embedded in what the essay regards as “Judeo-Arabic Orientalism.” Entrenched in the politics of linguistic naming is a partitioning ethnonationalist imaginary of culture and belonging. The epistemic framework undergirding “Judeo-Arabic language” is emblematic of what the essay refers to as “the separationist thesis.” Revisiting a few key arguments, the essay traces the genealogy not of a language but rather of an idea of a language, highlighting the invention of a paradoxical formation—an Arabic that is at once non-Arabic.","PeriodicalId":516695,"journal":{"name":"Palestine/Israel Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140466011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
When the major changes Palestine went through during the previous century are discussed, especially in terms of the urban and human landscape, few studies focus on the urban–social aspects. This study reconstructs the urban fabric of three neighborhoods in Ludd, one of Palestine’s major cities, situated on the way from Jaffa to Jerusalem. The reconstruction attempted here is dual: On one hand, the Old City no longer exists, like many towns and villages destroyed in the Nakba; on the other hand, Ludd’s indigenous inhabitants have been ethnically cleansed. Hence, we do not have traces of buildings or neighborhoods, and we have almost nobody left to tell us about their ancestors. Therefore, I reconstruct the physical contours of sections of the city and invite some ghosts from the past to lead us through the imagined neighborhoods.
{"title":"Walking with Ghosts along the Bazaar: Urban Life in Ludd, Palestine, at the Turn of the Twentieth Century","authors":"Tawfiq Daʿadli","doi":"10.5325/pir.1.1.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/pir.1.1.0003","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 When the major changes Palestine went through during the previous century are discussed, especially in terms of the urban and human landscape, few studies focus on the urban–social aspects. This study reconstructs the urban fabric of three neighborhoods in Ludd, one of Palestine’s major cities, situated on the way from Jaffa to Jerusalem. The reconstruction attempted here is dual: On one hand, the Old City no longer exists, like many towns and villages destroyed in the Nakba; on the other hand, Ludd’s indigenous inhabitants have been ethnically cleansed. Hence, we do not have traces of buildings or neighborhoods, and we have almost nobody left to tell us about their ancestors. Therefore, I reconstruct the physical contours of sections of the city and invite some ghosts from the past to lead us through the imagined neighborhoods.","PeriodicalId":516695,"journal":{"name":"Palestine/Israel Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140524805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Knowledge about Palestine/Israel has long been produced and recruited for multiple contradictory political struggles. The emergence of distinct, counterposed scholarly associations, centers, and publications for Palestine studies and Israel studies reflects a certain set of contemporary political logics and agendas. What is the meaning of this separation? What are its implications for our scholarly understanding of dynamics in Palestine/Israel? Could this separation be justified, and could we imagine an alternative way of organizing our knowledge?
{"title":"Palestine/Israel Review: Carving Out a New Intellectual Space","authors":"Tamir Sorek, Honaida Ghanim","doi":"10.5325/pir.1.1.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/pir.1.1.0001","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Knowledge about Palestine/Israel has long been produced and recruited for multiple contradictory political struggles. The emergence of distinct, counterposed scholarly associations, centers, and publications for Palestine studies and Israel studies reflects a certain set of contemporary political logics and agendas. What is the meaning of this separation? What are its implications for our scholarly understanding of dynamics in Palestine/Israel? Could this separation be justified, and could we imagine an alternative way of organizing our knowledge?","PeriodicalId":516695,"journal":{"name":"Palestine/Israel Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139640864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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