Pub Date : 2024-01-10DOI: 10.18470/1992-1098-2023-4-134-144
A. A. Chibilev, N. Y. Svyatokha, D. A. Grudinin
Aim. To conduct a geographical analysis of the network of specially protected natural areas in the Russian‐Kazakhstan transboundary region and identify promising areas of international cooperation in the field of protection and conservation of natural geosystems. Material and Methods. The study was built on the basis of statistical processing of state statistics of Russia and Kazakhstan and on geoinformation analysis of open data on population and materials obtained from official geoinformation portals containing information on specially protected natural areas of both countries. Results. The authors have established and mapped border protected natural areas of federal/republican significance in the Russian‐Kazakhstan region. By means of GIS technologies, "zones of influence" of key nature protection areas were determined by constructing centroids of protected areas and Thyssen/Varzar polygons. Population levels of the territories within the obtained zones was calculated. Promising transboundary specially protected territories have been identified. Mechanisms for drawing attention to the problems of nature protection are proposed. Conclusions. The results of the analysis of the parameters of the population of the territory near the most significant protected areas in the border zone of Russia and Kazakhstan are of practical importance in the integration of specially protected natural areas into the socio‐economic development of the regions using the experience and traditions of the local population and taking into account their interests.
{"title":"Factors and prerequisites for the formation of transboundary specially protected natural areas in the Russian‐Kazakhstan region","authors":"A. A. Chibilev, N. Y. Svyatokha, D. A. Grudinin","doi":"10.18470/1992-1098-2023-4-134-144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2023-4-134-144","url":null,"abstract":" Aim. To conduct a geographical analysis of the network of specially protected natural areas in the Russian‐Kazakhstan transboundary region and identify promising areas of international cooperation in the field of protection and conservation of natural geosystems. Material and Methods. The study was built on the basis of statistical processing of state statistics of Russia and Kazakhstan and on geoinformation analysis of open data on population and materials obtained from official geoinformation portals containing information on specially protected natural areas of both countries. Results. The authors have established and mapped border protected natural areas of federal/republican significance in the Russian‐Kazakhstan region. By means of GIS technologies, \"zones of influence\" of key nature protection areas were determined by constructing centroids of protected areas and Thyssen/Varzar polygons. Population levels of the territories within the obtained zones was calculated. Promising transboundary specially protected territories have been identified. Mechanisms for drawing attention to the problems of nature protection are proposed. Conclusions. The results of the analysis of the parameters of the population of the territory near the most significant protected areas in the border zone of Russia and Kazakhstan are of practical importance in the integration of specially protected natural areas into the socio‐economic development of the regions using the experience and traditions of the local population and taking into account their interests.","PeriodicalId":516742,"journal":{"name":"South of Russia: ecology, development","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140511260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-10DOI: 10.18470/1992-1098-2023-4-161-172
G. Volkova, O. Kudinova, O. O. Ignatieva, V. Agapova, E. V. Gladkova, O. Vaganova, I. Matveeva
Aim. To study resistance to leaf, yellow and stem rusts of winter and spring wheat and winter triticale samples from the collection of the N. I. Vavilov All‐Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) and breeding centres of southern Russia in different phases of ontogenesis and to identify new sources with group resistance. Material and Methods. The resistance of 158 wheat and triticale samples from the VIR collection and southern breeding centres to populations of leaf, stem and yellow rusts in different plant growth stages was analysed. In the juvenile phase the samples studied were inoculated with populations of rust fungi in climate chambers of the Federal Research Centre of Biological Plant Protection and the type of plant reaction to lesions was noted. In field conditions the samples were evaluated according to the CIMMYT scale on an artificial infectious background. Results. In the adult plant stage under field conditions 79 wheat and triticale samples with group resistance to leaf, yellow and stem rusts were identified, and in the juvenile stage 26 samples. 22 samples showed resistance to three rusts in both phases of ontogenesis. Of these, 5 samples belong to the VIR collection, 3 winter triticale varieties (Dozor, Knyaz, Svat) and the Kavalerka wheat variety selection of the P.P. Lukyanenko National Grain Centre, 9 lines from the Donskoy Agrarian Research Centre and the Federal Rostov Agrarian Research Centre, and 4 winter triticale varieties (Ataman Platov, Zimogor, Kapral, Legion) of selections of the Federal Rostov Agrarian Research Centre. Conclusion. The samples of wheat and winter triticale with group resistance which have been identified are promising for use in breeding for immunity to rust diseases.
目的研究从 N. I. Vavilov 全俄植物遗传资源研究所（VIR）和俄罗斯南部育种中心收集的冬小麦、春小麦和冬三麦样本对叶锈病、黄锈病和茎锈病的抗性，并确定具有群体抗性的新来源。Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) 和俄罗斯南部育种中心收集的样本在不同发育阶段对叶锈病、黄锈病和茎锈病的抗性进行研究，并确定具有群体抗性的新来源。 材料与方法。分析了全俄植物遗传资源研究所（VIR）和俄罗斯南部育种中心收集的 158 个小麦和三粒小麦样本在不同植物生长阶段对叶锈病、茎锈病和黄锈病种群的抗性。在幼苗期，研究样本在联邦植物保护生物研究中心的气候箱中接种锈菌种群，并记录植物对病变的反应类型。在田间条件下，根据 CIMMYT 标准在人工感染背景下对样本进行评估。 结果。在田间条件下，79 个小麦和三粒小麦样本的成株阶段对叶锈病、黄锈病和茎锈病具有群体抗性，26 个样本的幼株阶段对叶锈病、黄锈病和茎锈病具有群体抗性。有 22 个样本在两个阶段都表现出对三种锈病的抗性。其中，5 个样本属于 VIR 系列，3 个冬季三粒小麦品种（Dozor、Knyaz、Svat）和 P.P. Lukyanenko 国家谷物中心的 Kavalerka 小麦品种选育，9 个来自 Donskoy 农业研究中心和联邦罗斯托夫农业研究中心的品系，以及 4 个联邦罗斯托夫农业研究中心选育的冬季三粒小麦品种（Ataman Platov、Zimogor、Kapral、Legion）。 结论已发现的具有群体抗性的小麦和冬季黑麦样本有望用于培育对锈病有免疫力的品种。
{"title":"Rust resistance of wheat and triticale samples in different plant growing stages","authors":"G. Volkova, O. Kudinova, O. O. Ignatieva, V. Agapova, E. V. Gladkova, O. Vaganova, I. Matveeva","doi":"10.18470/1992-1098-2023-4-161-172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2023-4-161-172","url":null,"abstract":" Aim. To study resistance to leaf, yellow and stem rusts of winter and spring wheat and winter triticale samples from the collection of the N. I. Vavilov All‐Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) and breeding centres of southern Russia in different phases of ontogenesis and to identify new sources with group resistance. Material and Methods. The resistance of 158 wheat and triticale samples from the VIR collection and southern breeding centres to populations of leaf, stem and yellow rusts in different plant growth stages was analysed. In the juvenile phase the samples studied were inoculated with populations of rust fungi in climate chambers of the Federal Research Centre of Biological Plant Protection and the type of plant reaction to lesions was noted. In field conditions the samples were evaluated according to the CIMMYT scale on an artificial infectious background. Results. In the adult plant stage under field conditions 79 wheat and triticale samples with group resistance to leaf, yellow and stem rusts were identified, and in the juvenile stage 26 samples. 22 samples showed resistance to three rusts in both phases of ontogenesis. Of these, 5 samples belong to the VIR collection, 3 winter triticale varieties (Dozor, Knyaz, Svat) and the Kavalerka wheat variety selection of the P.P. Lukyanenko National Grain Centre, 9 lines from the Donskoy Agrarian Research Centre and the Federal Rostov Agrarian Research Centre, and 4 winter triticale varieties (Ataman Platov, Zimogor, Kapral, Legion) of selections of the Federal Rostov Agrarian Research Centre. Conclusion. The samples of wheat and winter triticale with group resistance which have been identified are promising for use in breeding for immunity to rust diseases.","PeriodicalId":516742,"journal":{"name":"South of Russia: ecology, development","volume":"94 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140511065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-09DOI: 10.18470/1992-1098-2023-4-104-113
V. Tolkach, Y. Volkov, N. Kakareka, M. R. Aliev, M. Shchelkanov
Aim. To study the potential of bacteria strains P. chlororaphis BZR 245‐F and Pseudomonas sp. BZR 523‐2 to inhibit the growth of Fusarium ear blight pathogens through the example of the fungus F. graminearum and to reduce the accumulation of deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) in vitro. Materials and Methods. Antifungal metabolites of Pseudomonas bacteria were analysed by thin layer chromatography and bioautography. An experiment on the effect of liquid culture and supernatant of bacteria on the growth and toxin production of the fungus F. graminearum in vitro was carried out on wheat grain. Analysis of grain for mycotoxins was carried out by HPLC‐HRMS. Results. The ability of strains P. chlororaphis BZR 245‐F and Pseudomonas sp. BZR 523‐2 to produce antifungal metabolites was found, while inhibiting the growth of the fungus F. graminearum 60318 in vitro. The content of DON decreases both under the action of the liquid culture and supernatant of P. chlororaphis BZR 245‐F bacteria by 60 % and 70 %, respectively, and the liquid culture and supernatant of Pseudomonas sp. BZR 523‐2 bacteria by 75 % and 90 %, respectively. The accumulation of ZEN is also significantly suppressed under the influence of liquid cultures and supernatants of bacterial strains. The amount of ZEN decreases under the influence of liquid culture and supernatant of P. chlororaphis BZR 245‐F bacteria by 80 % and 95 %, respectively. Liquid culture and supernatant of Pseudomonas sp. BZR 523‐2 bacteria inhibited the accumulation of ZEN by 60 % and 84 %, respectively. Conclusion. The results obtained through the study of the effect of liquid cultures and supernatants of P. chlororaphis BZR 245‐F and Pseudomonas sp. BZR 523‐2 strains on the growth and toxin production of the fungus F. graminearum 60318 in vitro allow us to consider these strains as potential producers of effective biofungicides against toxin‐producing fungi. Further studies of these bacterial strains in vitro and in vivo on plants are needed.
目的以禾本科真菌 F. graminearum 为例，研究菌株 P. chlororaphis BZR 245-F 和假单胞菌 BZR 523-2 在体外抑制耳枯镰刀菌病原菌生长以及减少脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）和玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEN）积累的潜力。 材料与方法通过薄层色谱法和生物层析法分析假单胞菌的抗真菌代谢物。在小麦谷粒上进行了细菌液体培养液和上清液对禾谷镰孢真菌体外生长和毒素产生的影响实验。采用 HPLC-HRMS 对谷物进行霉菌毒素分析。 结果显示发现绿僵菌 BZR 245-F 株和假单胞菌 BZR 523-2 株具有产生抗真菌代谢物的能力，同时能抑制禾本科真菌 F. graminearum 60318 的体外生长。在 P. chlororaphis BZR 245-F 细菌的液体培养液和上清液的作用下，DON 的含量分别减少了 60% 和 70%，在假单胞菌 BZR 523-2 细菌的液体培养液和上清液的作用下，DON 的含量分别减少了 75% 和 90%。在细菌菌株的液体培养物和上清液的影响下，ZEN 的积累也受到了明显的抑制。在 P. chlororaphis BZR 245-F 细菌的液体培养液和上清液的影响下，ZEN 的数量分别减少了 80% 和 95%。BZR 523-2 假单胞菌的培养液和上清液对 ZEN 积累的抑制率分别为 60% 和 84%。 结论通过研究绿脓杆菌 BZR 245-F 和假单胞菌 BZR 523-2 菌株的液体培养物和上清液对禾谷镰刀菌 F. graminearum 60318 的体外生长和毒素产生的影响，我们可以将这些菌株视为针对产毒真菌的有效生物杀菌剂的潜在生产者。还需要对这些细菌菌株在植物上的体外和体内作用进行进一步研究。
{"title":"Study of the effect of bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas on the growth and toxin production of the fungus Fusarium graminearum in vitro","authors":"V. Tolkach, Y. Volkov, N. Kakareka, M. R. Aliev, M. Shchelkanov","doi":"10.18470/1992-1098-2023-4-104-113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2023-4-104-113","url":null,"abstract":" Aim. To study the potential of bacteria strains P. chlororaphis BZR 245‐F and Pseudomonas sp. BZR 523‐2 to inhibit the growth of Fusarium ear blight pathogens through the example of the fungus F. graminearum and to reduce the accumulation of deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) in vitro. Materials and Methods. Antifungal metabolites of Pseudomonas bacteria were analysed by thin layer chromatography and bioautography. An experiment on the effect of liquid culture and supernatant of bacteria on the growth and toxin production of the fungus F. graminearum in vitro was carried out on wheat grain. Analysis of grain for mycotoxins was carried out by HPLC‐HRMS. Results. The ability of strains P. chlororaphis BZR 245‐F and Pseudomonas sp. BZR 523‐2 to produce antifungal metabolites was found, while inhibiting the growth of the fungus F. graminearum 60318 in vitro. The content of DON decreases both under the action of the liquid culture and supernatant of P. chlororaphis BZR 245‐F bacteria by 60 % and 70 %, respectively, and the liquid culture and supernatant of Pseudomonas sp. BZR 523‐2 bacteria by 75 % and 90 %, respectively. The accumulation of ZEN is also significantly suppressed under the influence of liquid cultures and supernatants of bacterial strains. The amount of ZEN decreases under the influence of liquid culture and supernatant of P. chlororaphis BZR 245‐F bacteria by 80 % and 95 %, respectively. Liquid culture and supernatant of Pseudomonas sp. BZR 523‐2 bacteria inhibited the accumulation of ZEN by 60 % and 84 %, respectively. Conclusion. The results obtained through the study of the effect of liquid cultures and supernatants of P. chlororaphis BZR 245‐F and Pseudomonas sp. BZR 523‐2 strains on the growth and toxin production of the fungus F. graminearum 60318 in vitro allow us to consider these strains as potential producers of effective biofungicides against toxin‐producing fungi. Further studies of these bacterial strains in vitro and in vivo on plants are needed.","PeriodicalId":516742,"journal":{"name":"South of Russia: ecology, development","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140512163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-09DOI: 10.18470/1992-1098-2023-4-91-103
V. Tolkach, Y. Volkov, N. Kakareka, M. R. Aliev, M. Y. Shchelkanov
Aim. To summarise and analyse scientific data on Cucumber mosaic virus strains (CMV – Cucumber mosaic virus) (Martellivirales: Bromoviridae, Cucumovirus) isolated from ornamental plants in the Far East of the Russian Federation. Discussion. The paper describes the genome structure and tripartite organization of CMV virions. Strains of this virus isolated from ornamental cultures in the south of the Russian Far East are described: Garden balsam, Common snapdragon, Dahlias, Hybrid gladiolus, Hybrid delphinium, Cambria, Indian canna, Cattleya, Tiger lily, Garden petunia, Primula obconica, Moth orchids, Fatshedera from Lize Freres, Weeping fig, Common hollyhock, Purple coneflower. The physicochemical properties (i. e. point of thermal inactivation, period of preservation of infectivity at a temperature of 20 °C, maximum dilution of juice causing disease of healthy plants) and the symptoms of these strains on a wide range of species and varieties of indicator plants are systematised according to the Russian Collection of East Asian Viruses, functioning at the Laboratory of Virology of the Federal Scientific Center for East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences. Conclusions. The limiting factor in the development of floriculture is infectious diseases, among which viral infections (including CMV) are of the greatest importance, demonstrating a high strain diversity in the south of the Russian Far East. Thus, the study of the biological, physico‐chemical, immunochemical and molecular biological properties of CMV is an urgent task, as it opens up the possibility of studying isolates of this virus and classifying its strains taking into account individual characteristics and kinship relationships.
{"title":"Cucumber mosaic virus among ornamental crops in the Russian Far East","authors":"V. Tolkach, Y. Volkov, N. Kakareka, M. R. Aliev, M. Y. Shchelkanov","doi":"10.18470/1992-1098-2023-4-91-103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2023-4-91-103","url":null,"abstract":" Aim. To summarise and analyse scientific data on Cucumber mosaic virus strains (CMV – Cucumber mosaic virus) (Martellivirales: Bromoviridae, Cucumovirus) isolated from ornamental plants in the Far East of the Russian Federation. Discussion. The paper describes the genome structure and tripartite organization of CMV virions. Strains of this virus isolated from ornamental cultures in the south of the Russian Far East are described: Garden balsam, Common snapdragon, Dahlias, Hybrid gladiolus, Hybrid delphinium, Cambria, Indian canna, Cattleya, Tiger lily, Garden petunia, Primula obconica, Moth orchids, Fatshedera from Lize Freres, Weeping fig, Common hollyhock, Purple coneflower. The physicochemical properties (i. e. point of thermal inactivation, period of preservation of infectivity at a temperature of 20 °C, maximum dilution of juice causing disease of healthy plants) and the symptoms of these strains on a wide range of species and varieties of indicator plants are systematised according to the Russian Collection of East Asian Viruses, functioning at the Laboratory of Virology of the Federal Scientific Center for East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences. Conclusions. The limiting factor in the development of floriculture is infectious diseases, among which viral infections (including CMV) are of the greatest importance, demonstrating a high strain diversity in the south of the Russian Far East. Thus, the study of the biological, physico‐chemical, immunochemical and molecular biological properties of CMV is an urgent task, as it opens up the possibility of studying isolates of this virus and classifying its strains taking into account individual characteristics and kinship relationships.","PeriodicalId":516742,"journal":{"name":"South of Russia: ecology, development","volume":"25 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140511994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-09DOI: 10.18470/1992-1098-2023-4-82-90
Z. R. Ramazanova, M. D. Dibirov, Z. I. Soltanmuradova, Z. Asadulaev
Aim. To conduct a comparative analysis and assessment of the taxon specificity of the morphological and anatomical features of the leaves of endemic species of the genus Allium in Dagestan. Material and Methods. The research materials were samples of endemic species of the genus Allium from the natural populations of mountainous Dagestan: A. daghestanicum; A. gunibicum; A. charadzeae; A. mirzojevii and A. samurense. For the analysis of morphometric features, 10 generative individuals were collected in the full flowering phase. Processing of the collected material was carried out at the Laboratory of Introduction and Genetic Resources of the Mountain Botanical Garden, Dagestan Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences. Fixation of the material and preparation of temporary micropreparations were carried out according to the generally accepted methods of anatomical studies. Anatomical studies were carried out on leaves of medium formation from the middle part of the leaf. Morphometric parameters of tissues and cells were measured using a Levenhuk D870T optical microscope with an eyepiece micrometer. Micropreparations were photographed using a Lomo‐AT 054 optical microscope and a DCM 510 SCOP video eyepiece. Results. A grouping of species according to leaf size was carried out: large‐leaved (A. daghestanicum, A. gunibicum, A charadze section Dagestanica. Tscholok. Friesen) and small‐leaved (A. mirzojevii, A. samurense section Oreiprason F. Herm.), according to the shape of the leaf cross section: grooved with smooth edges (A. daghestanicum), grooved with ribbed edges (A. gunibicum and A charadze) and rounded ribbed (A. mirzojevii and A. samurense), according to the number and size of vascular bundles. Descriptions of the anatomical structure of the leaves and an assessment of the species specificity of the studied traits of five species of Allium were carried out. Conclusions. It was determined that some features of the morphology and anatomy of the leaves of five endemic species of the genus Allium are species‐specific or due to environmental conditions of growth in the arid conditions of Inner Mountain Dagestan.
目的对达吉斯坦地区特有的薤属植物叶片的形态和解剖特征进行比较分析和分类特异性评估。 材料和方法。研究材料是来自达吉斯坦山区自然种群的薤属特有物种样本：A. daghestanicum；A. gunibicum；A. charadzeae；A. mirzojevii 和 A. samurense。为了分析形态特征，采集了 10 个盛花期的生成个体。采集材料的处理工作在俄罗斯科学院达吉斯坦联邦研究中心山地植物园引种和遗传资源实验室进行。材料的固定和临时微制片的制备按照公认的解剖学研究方法进行。解剖学研究是在叶片中间部分的培养基叶片上进行的。组织和细胞的形态参数是用带目镜测微计的 Levenhuk D870T 光学显微镜测量的。使用 Lomo-AT 054 光学显微镜和 DCM 510 SCOP 视频目镜对微制备物进行拍照。 结果根据叶片大小对物种进行了分组：大叶（A. daghestanicum, A. gunibicum, A charadze section Dagestanica.Tscholok.Friesen）和小叶（A. mirzojevii, A. samurense section Oreiprason F. Herm.），根据叶片横截面的形状：边缘光滑的凹槽（A. daghestanicum）、边缘有棱的凹槽（A. gunibicum 和 A charadze）和圆形棱（A. mirzojevii 和 A. samurense），根据维管束的数量和大小。对叶片的解剖结构进行了描述，并评估了所研究的五个薤属物种特征的物种特异性。 研究结论研究确定，薤属五个特有种的叶片形态和解剖结构的某些特征具有物种特异性，或者是由于在内蒙古达吉斯坦干旱地区生长的环境条件所致。
{"title":"Morphological features and anatomical structure of the leaves of Dagestan endemic species of Allium","authors":"Z. R. Ramazanova, M. D. Dibirov, Z. I. Soltanmuradova, Z. Asadulaev","doi":"10.18470/1992-1098-2023-4-82-90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2023-4-82-90","url":null,"abstract":" Aim. To conduct a comparative analysis and assessment of the taxon specificity of the morphological and anatomical features of the leaves of endemic species of the genus Allium in Dagestan. Material and Methods. The research materials were samples of endemic species of the genus Allium from the natural populations of mountainous Dagestan: A. daghestanicum; A. gunibicum; A. charadzeae; A. mirzojevii and A. samurense. For the analysis of morphometric features, 10 generative individuals were collected in the full flowering phase. Processing of the collected material was carried out at the Laboratory of Introduction and Genetic Resources of the Mountain Botanical Garden, Dagestan Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences. Fixation of the material and preparation of temporary micropreparations were carried out according to the generally accepted methods of anatomical studies. Anatomical studies were carried out on leaves of medium formation from the middle part of the leaf. Morphometric parameters of tissues and cells were measured using a Levenhuk D870T optical microscope with an eyepiece micrometer. Micropreparations were photographed using a Lomo‐AT 054 optical microscope and a DCM 510 SCOP video eyepiece. Results. A grouping of species according to leaf size was carried out: large‐leaved (A. daghestanicum, A. gunibicum, A charadze section Dagestanica. Tscholok. Friesen) and small‐leaved (A. mirzojevii, A. samurense section Oreiprason F. Herm.), according to the shape of the leaf cross section: grooved with smooth edges (A. daghestanicum), grooved with ribbed edges (A. gunibicum and A charadze) and rounded ribbed (A. mirzojevii and A. samurense), according to the number and size of vascular bundles. Descriptions of the anatomical structure of the leaves and an assessment of the species specificity of the studied traits of five species of Allium were carried out. Conclusions. It was determined that some features of the morphology and anatomy of the leaves of five endemic species of the genus Allium are species‐specific or due to environmental conditions of growth in the arid conditions of Inner Mountain Dagestan.","PeriodicalId":516742,"journal":{"name":"South of Russia: ecology, development","volume":" 33","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139640517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-09DOI: 10.18470/1992-1098-2023-4-74-81
Kh. U. Aliev
Aim. Comparative study and analysis of the variability of characters of the shoots and fruit of Fagus orientalis Lipsky from subalpine populations of the Western and Eastern Caucasus. Material and Methods. For the analysis randomly collected annual shoots with fruit from 47 Fagus orientalis trees from 6 populations of the Western and Eastern Caucasus were used. Measurement data from 12 traits were used to identify variability. The total repetition of measurements for each trait for 6 populations was 1318. Results. A comparative study of the variability of traits in the shoot and fruit of Fagus orientalis from 6 populations of the Eastern and Western Caucasus showed a predominance of size traits in individuals from the Eastern Caucasus. The trait “length of annual shoot” had the highest level of variability – 70.6 %. Low and medium levels were detected in fruit traits, leaf blade length and width, and plus length. The results of Student's t‐tests showed the greatest significance of differences in the “length of annual bud” trait – 28.98. Correlation analysis revealed positive, reliable relationships for most pairs of characteristics. The closest of them are noted in all fruit characters and in the character of length and width of the leaf blade. Conclusions. The predominance of size values of traits in individuals from populations of the Eastern Caucasus is associated with climatic conditions – the growing season in the Western Caucasus being shorter by almost a month. The low level of variability of fetal traits confirms their high genetic determination. The “apical bud length” trait can be used as an indicator, reflecting the degree of influence of environmental factors on populations. The closest correlations are manifested by the characteristics of the fruit and a pair of characteristics ‐ the length and width of the leaf blade.
{"title":"The structure of variability in shoot and fruit traits of subalpine populations of Fagus orientalis Lipsky in the Western and Eastern Caucasus","authors":"Kh. U. Aliev","doi":"10.18470/1992-1098-2023-4-74-81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2023-4-74-81","url":null,"abstract":" Aim. Comparative study and analysis of the variability of characters of the shoots and fruit of Fagus orientalis Lipsky from subalpine populations of the Western and Eastern Caucasus. Material and Methods. For the analysis randomly collected annual shoots with fruit from 47 Fagus orientalis trees from 6 populations of the Western and Eastern Caucasus were used. Measurement data from 12 traits were used to identify variability. The total repetition of measurements for each trait for 6 populations was 1318. Results. A comparative study of the variability of traits in the shoot and fruit of Fagus orientalis from 6 populations of the Eastern and Western Caucasus showed a predominance of size traits in individuals from the Eastern Caucasus. The trait “length of annual shoot” had the highest level of variability – 70.6 %. Low and medium levels were detected in fruit traits, leaf blade length and width, and plus length. The results of Student's t‐tests showed the greatest significance of differences in the “length of annual bud” trait – 28.98. Correlation analysis revealed positive, reliable relationships for most pairs of characteristics. The closest of them are noted in all fruit characters and in the character of length and width of the leaf blade. Conclusions. The predominance of size values of traits in individuals from populations of the Eastern Caucasus is associated with climatic conditions – the growing season in the Western Caucasus being shorter by almost a month. The low level of variability of fetal traits confirms their high genetic determination. The “apical bud length” trait can be used as an indicator, reflecting the degree of influence of environmental factors on populations. The closest correlations are manifested by the characteristics of the fruit and a pair of characteristics ‐ the length and width of the leaf blade.","PeriodicalId":516742,"journal":{"name":"South of Russia: ecology, development","volume":"80 2-3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140511747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-09DOI: 10.18470/1992-1098-2023-4-114-124
D. A. Baboshko, K. A. Elfimov, M. G. Daudova, Kh. G. Koychuev, Kh. F.‐K. Gapizova, N. M. Gashnikova
Aim. Assessment of the incidence of leukemia virus in cattle using PCR diagnostics in herds of the Republic of Dagestan and study of the molecular genetic characteristics of circulating viruses. Materials and Methods. 150 cattle blood samples were examined. PCR diagnostics of samples for the presence of bovine leukosis virus (BLV) were carried out using the RealBest‐Vet DNA BLV test system and a laboratory set of primers. Some of the samples were sequenced using the Sanger method and their phylogenetic analysis was performed. Results. Out of 150 samples, 24 samples were positive for the presence of BLV. In the Untsukulskiy district, no BLV DNA was detected in any of the 16 samples. In the Karabudakhkentskiy district out of 40 – in 2 (5 %), in Buynakskiy district – in 1 out of 30 (3.3 %) and in Babayurtovskiy district–in 21 out of 60 samples BLV was detected (35 %). For 13 BLV‐positive samples, fragments of the env gene measuring 1000 bp were obtained and deciphered. According to phylogenetic analysis, 7 samples of BLV belong to the 7th, and 6 – to the 4th genotype of BLV. The BLV genotype 4 isolated in the Babayurtovskiy district clusters with viruses from Kazakhstan, while viruses of genotype 4 from other farms cluster with Russian BLV. The studied samples of genotype 4 did not form common clusters. For the BLV genotype 7 isolated in farms of the Babayurtovskiy district, on the contrary, a combination of sequences into one cluster of genetically similar viruses was observed. Conclusion. Significant differences in the incidence of leukemia virus in livestock on farms in Dagestan were revealed. No patterns were found in the registration of cattle cases with a specific breed of cattle or with the age of the animal. It has been shown that viruses of both genotypes 7 and 4 circulate in the Republic. For BLV 4, it is assumed that there are different ways of its introduction into farms but no associated chains of virus spread have been found. For BLV genotype 7, transmission of BLV has been registered, which indicates the need to strengthen leukemia prevention measures on farms.
{"title":"Assessment of the incidence of leukemia virus (BLV) in cattle in the Republic of Dagestan using PCR diagnostics","authors":"D. A. Baboshko, K. A. Elfimov, M. G. Daudova, Kh. G. Koychuev, Kh. F.‐K. Gapizova, N. M. Gashnikova","doi":"10.18470/1992-1098-2023-4-114-124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2023-4-114-124","url":null,"abstract":" Aim. Assessment of the incidence of leukemia virus in cattle using PCR diagnostics in herds of the Republic of Dagestan and study of the molecular genetic characteristics of circulating viruses. Materials and Methods. 150 cattle blood samples were examined. PCR diagnostics of samples for the presence of bovine leukosis virus (BLV) were carried out using the RealBest‐Vet DNA BLV test system and a laboratory set of primers. Some of the samples were sequenced using the Sanger method and their phylogenetic analysis was performed. Results. Out of 150 samples, 24 samples were positive for the presence of BLV. In the Untsukulskiy district, no BLV DNA was detected in any of the 16 samples. In the Karabudakhkentskiy district out of 40 – in 2 (5 %), in Buynakskiy district – in 1 out of 30 (3.3 %) and in Babayurtovskiy district–in 21 out of 60 samples BLV was detected (35 %). For 13 BLV‐positive samples, fragments of the env gene measuring 1000 bp were obtained and deciphered. According to phylogenetic analysis, 7 samples of BLV belong to the 7th, and 6 – to the 4th genotype of BLV. The BLV genotype 4 isolated in the Babayurtovskiy district clusters with viruses from Kazakhstan, while viruses of genotype 4 from other farms cluster with Russian BLV. The studied samples of genotype 4 did not form common clusters. For the BLV genotype 7 isolated in farms of the Babayurtovskiy district, on the contrary, a combination of sequences into one cluster of genetically similar viruses was observed. Conclusion. Significant differences in the incidence of leukemia virus in livestock on farms in Dagestan were revealed. No patterns were found in the registration of cattle cases with a specific breed of cattle or with the age of the animal. It has been shown that viruses of both genotypes 7 and 4 circulate in the Republic. For BLV 4, it is assumed that there are different ways of its introduction into farms but no associated chains of virus spread have been found. For BLV genotype 7, transmission of BLV has been registered, which indicates the need to strengthen leukemia prevention measures on farms.","PeriodicalId":516742,"journal":{"name":"South of Russia: ecology, development","volume":"1 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140512026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-08DOI: 10.18470/1992-1098-2023-4-64-73
E. Baisheva, N. Fedorov, S. Zhigunova, P. Shirokikh, M. Komissarov, I. Gabbasova, A. Muldashev, I. Bikbaev, I. Tuktamyshev, G. V. Shendel, R. R. Suleymanov, T. Garipov
Aim. Data collection and analysis of the composition and productivity of vegetation and assessment of carbon sequestration by vegetation and soil in meadow steppe at a fallow site in the Bashkir Cis‐Urals, Russia. Material and Methods. The work is based on a survey of vegetation and soils of meadow steppe located in fallow areas, where post‐agrogenic restoration succession has been going on for more than 20 years. Results. The plant cover of the area studied is close to natural rich‐forb meadow steppes but differs in lower indicators of species richness and saturation, as well as the presence of weedy segetal species. The total plant biomass on the plot studied was estimated at 11.35 t/ha (including live aboveground biomass 2.98 t/ha, mortmass 3.11 t/ha, root weight 5.25 t/ha). The average stock of carbon in the plant biomass is 427.6 g/m2, and the total carbon stock in plant matter within the site is 36.88 tons. The soil cover of the area studied is Chernozem Calcic. The average levels of carbon stocks in short‐thickness soil at the 0–90 cm layer is 308 t/ha, while in medium‐thick soil it is 378 t/ha. Conclusions. A feature of the communities surveyed is a poor floristic composition, low productivity and low proportion of roots (47 % of the total plant biomass), which is caused by incomplete recovering of steppe vegetation and low thickness of the humus horizon. The soils of the site are close to virgin steppe lands in terms of carbon content and reserves.
{"title":"Productivity of vegetation and carbon stock in meadow steppe on fallow areas in the Bashkir Cis‐Urals (Southern Urals region), Russia","authors":"E. Baisheva, N. Fedorov, S. Zhigunova, P. Shirokikh, M. Komissarov, I. Gabbasova, A. Muldashev, I. Bikbaev, I. Tuktamyshev, G. V. Shendel, R. R. Suleymanov, T. Garipov","doi":"10.18470/1992-1098-2023-4-64-73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2023-4-64-73","url":null,"abstract":" Aim. Data collection and analysis of the composition and productivity of vegetation and assessment of carbon sequestration by vegetation and soil in meadow steppe at a fallow site in the Bashkir Cis‐Urals, Russia. Material and Methods. The work is based on a survey of vegetation and soils of meadow steppe located in fallow areas, where post‐agrogenic restoration succession has been going on for more than 20 years. Results. The plant cover of the area studied is close to natural rich‐forb meadow steppes but differs in lower indicators of species richness and saturation, as well as the presence of weedy segetal species. The total plant biomass on the plot studied was estimated at 11.35 t/ha (including live aboveground biomass 2.98 t/ha, mortmass 3.11 t/ha, root weight 5.25 t/ha). The average stock of carbon in the plant biomass is 427.6 g/m2, and the total carbon stock in plant matter within the site is 36.88 tons. The soil cover of the area studied is Chernozem Calcic. The average levels of carbon stocks in short‐thickness soil at the 0–90 cm layer is 308 t/ha, while in medium‐thick soil it is 378 t/ha. Conclusions. A feature of the communities surveyed is a poor floristic composition, low productivity and low proportion of roots (47 % of the total plant biomass), which is caused by incomplete recovering of steppe vegetation and low thickness of the humus horizon. The soils of the site are close to virgin steppe lands in terms of carbon content and reserves.","PeriodicalId":516742,"journal":{"name":"South of Russia: ecology, development","volume":"49 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140512361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-08DOI: 10.18470/1992-1098-2023-4-31-41
E. V. Kashutina, L. Bugaeva, E. V. Khetagurova, T. N. Ignatieva
Aim. To identify a complex of factors in the successful adaptation of the sycamore lace bug Corythucha ciliata Say for the development of methods for regulating its numbers of and effective biological control measures against this dangerous pest. Material and Methods. The research was carried out by studying scientific publications, analysing the dynamics of climate change in the Lazarevsky district of Sochi for 15 years and studying the reporting data of the Lazarevskaya Experimental Plant Protection Station, Branch of the Federal Research Center of Biological Plant Protection for the period 2008 to 2022. Results. 5 key factors of successful adaptation of Corythucha ciliata to new invasion regions have been identified: the factors of food and climatic adaptation, the factor of interaction with natural enemies, the factor of resistance to entomopathogenic organisms and the factor of adaptation to anthropogenic load. The main conditions and possible vectors of further invasion of sycamore lace in new regions have been determined. Conclusion. The development of effective methods of biological control of the invasive pest Corythucha ciliata Say should be based taking into account the totality of qualitative characteristics of the pest's living conditions. The sycamore lace bug Corythucha ciliata Say effectively builds new trophic connections, without prejudice to its population, adapts not only to new climatic conditions, but also to their changes. Natural entomophages and entomopathogens do not significantly affect the development of the Corythucha ciliata population. The pest has adapted to survival in conditions of high anthropogenic load and successfully uses it to invade new regions.
{"title":"Key factors in the successful adaptation of the pest Corythucha ciliata Say in the northern subtropics of the Black Sea coast","authors":"E. V. Kashutina, L. Bugaeva, E. V. Khetagurova, T. N. Ignatieva","doi":"10.18470/1992-1098-2023-4-31-41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2023-4-31-41","url":null,"abstract":" Aim. To identify a complex of factors in the successful adaptation of the sycamore lace bug Corythucha ciliata Say for the development of methods for regulating its numbers of and effective biological control measures against this dangerous pest. Material and Methods. The research was carried out by studying scientific publications, analysing the dynamics of climate change in the Lazarevsky district of Sochi for 15 years and studying the reporting data of the Lazarevskaya Experimental Plant Protection Station, Branch of the Federal Research Center of Biological Plant Protection for the period 2008 to 2022. Results. 5 key factors of successful adaptation of Corythucha ciliata to new invasion regions have been identified: the factors of food and climatic adaptation, the factor of interaction with natural enemies, the factor of resistance to entomopathogenic organisms and the factor of adaptation to anthropogenic load. The main conditions and possible vectors of further invasion of sycamore lace in new regions have been determined. Conclusion. The development of effective methods of biological control of the invasive pest Corythucha ciliata Say should be based taking into account the totality of qualitative characteristics of the pest's living conditions. The sycamore lace bug Corythucha ciliata Say effectively builds new trophic connections, without prejudice to its population, adapts not only to new climatic conditions, but also to their changes. Natural entomophages and entomopathogens do not significantly affect the development of the Corythucha ciliata population. The pest has adapted to survival in conditions of high anthropogenic load and successfully uses it to invade new regions.","PeriodicalId":516742,"journal":{"name":"South of Russia: ecology, development","volume":"16 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140512528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-08DOI: 10.18470/1992-1098-2023-4-8-30
A. N. Ivanitzky, A. Alekseev
Aim. The Black Sea region is one of the centers of diversity of bats in the Palearctic. In this regard, the main aim of the work was determined ‐ to study the species composition of the bat fauna of the Black Sea region and the distribution of bat species there. The aim becomes especially relevant if we consider that significant changes have occurred in the composition of the region’s fauna in recent years and that the distribution of chiropterans in the Black Sea region as a whole has never been the object of special research. Discussion. The article contains point maps of the distribution of each of the 35 species of bats living in the subtropics of the Black Sea region and adjacent territories. In addition, the maps are provided with comments on the range of each species on the Black Sea coast. Conclusion. The data presented can be used both for fundamental research and for solving practical problems, primarily in the organization and implementation of environmental measures.
{"title":"Distribution of bats in the subtropical regions of the Black Sea coast and adjacent territories","authors":"A. N. Ivanitzky, A. Alekseev","doi":"10.18470/1992-1098-2023-4-8-30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2023-4-8-30","url":null,"abstract":" Aim. The Black Sea region is one of the centers of diversity of bats in the Palearctic. In this regard, the main aim of the work was determined ‐ to study the species composition of the bat fauna of the Black Sea region and the distribution of bat species there. The aim becomes especially relevant if we consider that significant changes have occurred in the composition of the region’s fauna in recent years and that the distribution of chiropterans in the Black Sea region as a whole has never been the object of special research. Discussion. The article contains point maps of the distribution of each of the 35 species of bats living in the subtropics of the Black Sea region and adjacent territories. In addition, the maps are provided with comments on the range of each species on the Black Sea coast. Conclusion. The data presented can be used both for fundamental research and for solving practical problems, primarily in the organization and implementation of environmental measures.","PeriodicalId":516742,"journal":{"name":"South of Russia: ecology, development","volume":"35 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140512568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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