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1 Victims navigating justice in island communities: An exploration of victims’ experiences of the criminal justice system and quality of justice services provided in Trinidad and Tobago 1受害者在岛屿社区的司法导航:探索特立尼达和多巴哥提供的刑事司法系统和司法服务质量的受害者经验
IF 1.5 2区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.24043/isj.412
Leah L. Cleghorn
The criminal justice system in Trinidad and Tobago, like other Anglophone Caribbean islands, is a remnant of its colonial past. While there have been some reforms to improve the quality and type of police and justice services provided, the issues justice users encounter in their access and engagement remain underexplored. Using interview data from direct and indirect victims, this paper explores the complexities of victims’ experiences and their implications on the quality and type of police and justice services provided. Victims’ narratives expressed varied experiences in interpersonal treatment, information services, input and engagement, and effectiveness and efficiency of the process. Many were required to navigate interpersonal, structural, and systemic barriers which led to institutionalized secondary victimization, as well as feelings of silencing and inequality. The findings suggest that victims’ experiences were influenced by the legacies of colonialism which continue to persist in island communities. Such as, imbalances in power, behaviours within institutions that promote solidarity networks, negotiation, informal systems, and processes. The narratives of victims intimate that there is a need for change and the adoption of an approach that not only improves the quality of justice services provided but empowers victims through the process.
特立尼达和多巴哥的刑事司法系统,像其他加勒比英语国家一样,是其殖民历史的遗迹。虽然已经进行了一些改革,以改善所提供的警察和司法服务的质量和类型,但司法用户在获取和参与方面遇到的问题仍未得到充分探讨。本文利用直接和间接受害者的访谈数据,探讨了受害者经历的复杂性及其对所提供的警察和司法服务的质量和类型的影响。受害者的叙述表达了在人际治疗、信息服务、投入和参与以及过程的有效性和效率方面的不同经历。许多人需要克服人际、结构和系统障碍,这些障碍导致制度化的二次受害,以及沉默和不平等的感觉。调查结果表明,受害者的经历受到殖民主义遗留问题的影响,这些遗留问题继续存在于岛屿社区。例如,权力不平衡、促进团结网络、谈判、非正式制度和进程的机构内行为。受害者的叙述表明,有必要进行变革,并采取一种方法,不仅要提高所提供司法服务的质量,而且要通过这一过程赋予受害者权力。
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引用次数: 1
No future of island studies: Embracing island studies in plural 岛屿研究没有未来:多元拥抱岛屿研究
IF 1.5 2区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.24043/isj.421
Adam Grydehøj
This editorial conclusion looks back on how Island Studies Journal has developed from its start in 2006, up through the beginning of the current editorship in 2017, and through to the start of a new editorship in mid-2023. Island studies has transformed from being a close-knit community centred on a few key scholars to being a field composed of numerous loosely connected movements. There is no longer a clearly identifiable ‘mainstream’ island studies and no longer a canon of crucial island studies researchers. Island studies journals and scholars are now coming from and writing from a great diversity of locations and positions. The plurality of island studies means there is room in the field for everyone.
这篇社论的结论回顾了《岛屿研究杂志》从2006年创刊开始,到2017年现任编辑开始,再到2023年中期新编辑开始的发展历程。岛屿研究已经从一个以几个关键学者为中心的紧密联系的社区转变为一个由许多松散联系的运动组成的领域。不再有一个明确的“主流”岛屿研究,也不再有一个关键的岛屿研究人员的经典。岛屿研究期刊和学者现在来自不同的地点和立场,并从不同的角度进行写作。岛屿研究的多元性意味着每个人在这个领域都有一席之地。
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引用次数: 0
Resilience-building in small island family-owned accommodation sector 小岛屿家庭住房部门的复原力建设
IF 1.5 2区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.24043/isj.413
E. Borazon, Michelle D.L. De Los Santos, Meng-Tsung Lee, Ching-Chiao Yang, Rosanne Nicollette Eleazar
This study aims to understand the crises experienced by family-owned accommodation businesses in small island contexts and how resilience is built alongside the development of their dynamic capabilities (sensing, seizing, and transforming) as they navigate through crises. The study uses a qualitative method and focuses on the experiences of tourism businesses operating in the islands of Boracay, Negros, and Siargao, which are among the top island destinations in the Philippines. Semi-structured interviews with 18 participants were conducted through 1-hour online video calls, phone calls, and written 2 interviews. Crises that affect tourism businesses are mostly due to external factors. Small islands are at high risk of natural hazards, but businesses do not consider typhoons and earthquakes as crises per se since they frequently experience these hazards. Family businesses have distinct strategies, such as knowledge transfer, maintenance of stable financial resources, infrastructure development, employee training, better marketing strategies, and a focus on sustainability to enhance their dynamic capabilities and build their resilience, thus making them more adaptive to future crises. However, government support for the local tourism industry is still needed to ensure a sustainable tourism industry. Dynamic capabilities and resilience are often linked with each other yet there is limited knowledge on how resilience is built specifically in the context of family-owned businesses in small island context. This study addresses this gap in the literature by using dynamic capabilities as a framework to understand resilience development. Resilience and dynamic capabilities are then adaptive strategies in crisis management.
本研究旨在了解小岛屿背景下家族住宿企业所经历的危机,以及在应对危机时如何在发展其动态能力(感知、抓住和转化)的同时建立弹性。该研究采用定性方法,重点研究了长滩岛、内格罗斯岛和锡亚尔高岛旅游企业的经验,这些岛屿都是菲律宾的顶级旅游目的地。通过1小时的在线视频通话、电话和书面采访,对18名参与者进行了半结构化访谈。影响旅游业的危机大多是由外部因素造成的。小岛屿自然灾害的风险很高,但企业并不认为台风和地震本身就是危机,因为它们经常经历这些灾害。家族企业有不同的策略,如知识转移、维持稳定的财务资源、基础设施建设、员工培训、更好的营销策略以及对可持续性的关注,以增强其动态能力和建立弹性,从而使其更能适应未来的危机。然而,政府仍然需要对当地旅游业的支持,以确保旅游业的可持续发展。动态能力和复原力往往相互关联,但关于如何在小岛屿家庭企业中具体建立复原力的知识有限。本研究通过使用动态能力作为理解弹性发展的框架来解决文献中的这一空白。因此,弹性和动态能力是危机管理中的适应性策略。
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引用次数: 0
Sustainable creative tourism on islands and the pandemic: The Creatour Azores project 岛屿上的可持续创意旅游和流行病:创造亚速尔群岛项目
IF 1.5 2区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.24043/isj.416
Alexandra Baixinho, Carlos Denner dos Santos, Gualter Couto, Isabel Soares de Albergaria, Leonor Sampaio da Silva, Pilar Damião Medeiros, Rosa Maria Neves Simas
As the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic was felt worldwide, the tourism sector was forced to seek ways of reinventing itself. Two decades prior to this crisis, in varied rural areas and island contexts, small-scale, community-based creative tourism had appeared as a sustainable place-making solution to foster place vitality, competitive distinctiveness, regenerative development and destination resilience. From an island perspective, this article presents the theoretical framework, methodological approaches, and empirical practices of the Creatour Azores project, which was carried out in the North Atlantic archipelago of the Azores from 2019-2022. Given this timeframe, the investigators and pilot projects that implemented this research-practice project were confronted with the COVID-19 pandemic, which accentuated the isolation and remoteness that tend to characterize islandscapes, especially peripheral islands such as the Azores. At the same time, however, this devastating global pandemic, which impacted the tourism sector especially, ended up offering unexpected opportunities along with special challenges, seeming to underscore the relevance of studies focused on the isolation and remoteness that characterize islandscapes. After describing the project methodologies and practices, as well as the adjustments adopted due to the pandemic, this article considers future possibilities for creative tourism on islands, in general, and in the Azores.
随着COVID-19大流行在全球范围内的影响,旅游业被迫寻求重塑自身的方法。在这场危机发生的20年前,在不同的农村地区和岛屿环境中,小规模的、以社区为基础的创意旅游已经出现,作为一种可持续的地方建设解决方案,促进了地方的活力、竞争特色、再生发展和目的地的复原力。从岛屿角度出发,本文介绍了2019-2022年在北大西洋亚速尔群岛开展的Creatour Azores项目的理论框架、方法方法和经验实践。考虑到这一时间框架,实施这一研究实践项目的调查人员和试点项目面临着2019冠状病毒病大流行的挑战,这加剧了岛屿、特别是亚速尔群岛等外围岛屿往往具有的孤立和偏远特征。然而,与此同时,这一毁灭性的全球流行病,特别是对旅游业的影响,最终提供了意想不到的机会和特殊的挑战,似乎强调了以岛屿景观的孤立和偏远特征为重点的研究的相关性。在描述了项目方法和实践以及由于流行病而采取的调整之后,本文考虑了岛屿创意旅游的未来可能性,一般来说,在亚速尔群岛。
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引用次数: 0
Paradiplomacy of Jersey: Opportunities and challenges in the post-Brexit era 泽西岛的准外交:后英国脱欧时代的机遇与挑战
IF 1.5 2区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.24043/isj.419
Youlin Zhao
This paper explores challenges that Jersey faces in the post-Brexit era, and how Jersey can utilize paradiplomacy to overcome obstacles and broaden opportunities. Due to its constitutional status, preexisting international arrangements, and turbulences resulting from Brexit, the Bailiwick of Jersey is in a complicated context. Since May 2021, fishing conflicts have erupted off the coast of Jersey after the Jersey government adopted a post-Brexit fishing licensing scheme that requires French fishing boats to provide data showing they have a history of fishing in Jersey’s waters. On the other hand, Jersey’s export industry is stuck due to the island no longer benefiting from the free movement of goods after Brexit. In future negotiations, Jersey can use paradiplomacy to resolve post-Brexit difficulties. Jersey’s interests will be best served by actively pursuing paradiplomacy with the EU and its members in order to achieve more beneficial trade and fishing arrangements for both parties. Jersey’s paradiplomacy is not synonymous with protodiplomacy. It would be preferable for Jersey to remain under the sovereignty of the UK to maintain the substantial economic advantages and preferential treatment granted by the metropolitan territory.
本文探讨了泽西岛在英国脱欧后面临的挑战,以及泽西岛如何利用副外交来克服障碍和扩大机会。由于其宪法地位、先前存在的国际安排以及英国脱欧带来的动荡,泽西岛的辖区处于一个复杂的背景中。自2021年5月以来,泽西岛海岸爆发了渔业冲突,此前泽西岛政府采用了英国脱欧后的渔业许可计划,该计划要求法国渔船提供数据,证明它们有在泽西岛水域捕鱼的历史。另一方面,由于英国脱欧后,泽西岛不再受益于商品的自由流动,泽西岛的出口行业陷入困境。在未来的谈判中,泽西岛可以利用准外交来解决脱欧后的困难。积极寻求与欧盟及其成员国的准外交,以实现对双方更有利的贸易和渔业安排,将最符合泽西岛的利益。泽西岛的准外交并不等同于原外交。对于泽西岛来说,最好是继续处于英国的主权之下,以保持其巨大的经济优势和大都会地区所给予的优惠待遇。
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引用次数: 0
The influence of nature on well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic: Views from New England island residents COVID-19大流行期间自然对福祉的影响:来自新英格兰岛居民的观点
IF 1.5 2区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.24043/isj.420
N. Kras, J. Keenan
Researchers are beginning to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on island populations, but little is known about the experiences of the residents of Nantucket and Martha’s Vineyard in the Northeast region of the United States. In this study, islanders (N=41) provide insight into how spending time in nature influenced their well-being, especially their mental well-being, during this unprecedented time. For the majority of participants, the influence of nature on their well-being increased during the pandemic. Additionally, participants shared benefits of island living such as isolation from the mainland, as well as challenges such as food and supply shortages. Results from this study indicate that further research is needed around the importance of nature on well-being, especially mental health, for island residents.
研究人员开始探索COVID-19大流行对岛屿人口的影响,但对美国东北地区楠塔基特岛和玛莎葡萄园岛居民的经历知之甚少。在这项研究中,岛民(N=41)深入了解了在这个前所未有的时期,在大自然中度过的时间如何影响他们的幸福感,尤其是他们的心理健康。对于大多数参与者来说,在大流行期间,自然对他们福祉的影响增加了。此外,与会者还分享了岛屿生活的好处,例如远离大陆,以及粮食和供应短缺等挑战。这项研究的结果表明,需要进一步研究自然对岛屿居民福祉的重要性,特别是心理健康。
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引用次数: 0
The price of freedom: Open access, editorial labour, and prestige in academic publishing 自由的代价:开放获取、编辑工作和学术出版的声望
IF 1.5 2区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.24043/isj.422
Adam Grydehøj, Ping Su
This paper discusses tensions in journal editing and management, particularly for non-fee charging open access (diamond open access) journals. Even diamond open access journals and other journals published on a non-commercial basis are subject to financial and labour costs. Because diamond open access journals do not gain income from subscriptions or article processing charges (APCs), every published paper presents additional costs. Whereas commercially published journals depend upon substantial free academic labour, unfunded or underfunded diamond open access journals depend upon both substantial free academic labour and free non-academic labour. This encourages editors to be selective about the kinds of submissions on which they spend their time. The importance of maintaining a journal’s prestige, as measured through inclusion in bibliometric indices, incentivises further selectivity. Different kinds of papers are suitable for different kinds of journals. Even publications like Island Studies Journal that are radically accessible to authors and readers in diverse financial circumstances must make difficult choices when deciding what material to publish.
本文讨论了期刊编辑与管理中的紧张关系,特别是免费开放获取期刊的紧张关系。即使是钻石开放获取期刊和其他非商业基础上出版的期刊也会受到财务和劳动力成本的影响。因为钻石开放获取期刊不从订阅或文章处理费(apc)中获得收入,每篇发表的论文都有额外的成本。商业出版的期刊依赖于大量的免费学术劳动,而未获得资助或资金不足的钻石开放获取期刊既依赖于大量的免费学术劳动,也依赖于免费的非学术劳动。这鼓励编辑对他们所花时间的投稿种类进行选择。通过纳入文献计量指数来衡量,维持期刊声望的重要性激励了进一步的选择性。不同类型的论文适用于不同类型的期刊。即使是像《岛屿研究杂志》这样的出版物,在不同的经济状况下,作者和读者都可以从根本上接触到,但在决定发表什么材料时,也必须做出艰难的选择。
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引用次数: 0
A South-South tango: China’s soft power relations with Fiji since 1975 南南探戈:1975年以来中国与斐济的软实力关系
IF 1.5 2区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.24043/isj.417
Asinate Mausio
This paper on China’s soft power relations with Fiji since 1975 provides an on-the-ground view of the scope of China’s Aid, Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) and Trade with Fiji to provide an alternative narrative for China’s increased presence in the Pacific, including Fiji. Its focus on China’s three non-coercive tools of soft power diplomacy (aid, FDI and trade) with Fiji aims to highlight Fiji’s anticipatory geographies as initially conceptualized by Sparke (2007) and applied to Fiji by Szadziewski (2020). Existing literature on China’s increased presence in the Pacific is dominated by geopolitical and geostrategic narratives which portray Pacific island states as a ‘collective pawn’ in the aid completion between the Pacific islands’ traditional aid donors (U.S., Australia and New Zealand) and China. This paper highlights the need for alternative narratives to show the agency of Pacific island states, including Fiji, and how they are capable of setting its own aid agendas and of choosing their principal aid donors. It also seeks to challenge mainstream alarmist and fear mongering narratives of China’s increased presence in the Pacific and Fiji.
这篇关于1975年以来中国与斐济的软实力关系的论文,提供了中国对斐济的援助、外国直接投资(FDI)和贸易范围的实地视角,为中国在太平洋地区(包括斐济)日益增加的存在提供了另一种叙述。其重点是中国对斐济软实力外交的三种非强制性工具(援助、外国直接投资和贸易),旨在突出斐济的预期地理,这一概念最初由Sparke(2007)提出,并由Szadziewski(2020)应用于斐济。关于中国在太平洋地区日益增加的存在的现有文献主要由地缘政治和地缘战略叙事主导,这些叙事将太平洋岛国描绘成太平洋岛屿传统援助国(美国、澳大利亚和新西兰)与中国之间完成援助的“集体棋子”。这篇论文强调,有必要用另一种叙述方式来展示包括斐济在内的太平洋岛国的机构,以及它们是如何有能力制定自己的援助议程和选择主要援助捐助国的。它还试图挑战中国在太平洋和斐济增加存在的主流危言耸听和散布恐惧的说法。
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引用次数: 0
Supporting victims of domestic violence in rural and island communities during COVID-19: the impact of the pandemic on service providers in North East Scotland and Orkney 2019冠状病毒病期间为农村和岛屿社区家庭暴力受害者提供支持:大流行对苏格兰东北部和奥克尼岛服务提供者的影响
IF 1.5 2区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.24043/isj.423
Sarah Pedersen, Natascha Mueller-Hirth, Leia Miller
We investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on domestic violence service providers in rural and island communities in North East Scotland and Orkney. Domestic abuse and violence in rural areas is typically underestimated and might be more hidden due to stigma, a surveillance culture, and the practical difficulties of accessing services. The geographical challenges of rural and remote areas in relation to domestic violence are, to some extent, further amplified in small island locations, given population sizes, terrain and separation by sea. In such communities, visits to a service organisation’s offices, or a visit by one of their staff, might publicly mark a service user out as a domestic abuse survivor. This article focuses on the move to digital and telephone provision of support in areas where broadband internet access is inconsistent and service users may live many miles from sources of support. At the same time, the move to online modes of communication was welcomed by staff in relation to offering opportunities for training and networking. There was also use of social and local media to raise awareness of the prevalence of domestic violence in these locations and to counter the myth of idyllic and abuse-free rural and island communities.
我们调查了2019冠状病毒病大流行对苏格兰东北部和奥克尼岛农村和岛屿社区家庭暴力服务提供者的影响。农村地区的家庭虐待和暴力通常被低估,并且由于污名化、监视文化和获得服务的实际困难,可能更加隐蔽。在小岛屿地区,由于人口众多、地形和海上分隔,农村和偏远地区在家庭暴力方面的地理挑战在某种程度上进一步扩大。在这样的社区,拜访服务机构的办公室,或者拜访他们的工作人员,可能会公开地将服务使用者标记为家庭暴力幸存者。本文关注的是在宽带互联网接入不一致且服务用户可能距离支持来源有数英里远的地区向数字和电话提供支持的转变。与此同时,工作人员对改用联机通讯方式表示欢迎,因为它提供了培训和联网的机会。还利用社会和地方媒体提高人们对这些地方普遍存在的家庭暴力的认识,并驳斥关于田园牧歌和没有虐待的农村和岛屿社区的神话。
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引用次数: 0
The disregarded weight of the ancestors: Honouring the complexities and cultural subtleties of islandscape 祖先被忽视的重量:尊重岛屿景观的复杂性和文化微妙性
IF 1.5 2区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.24043/isj.403
Emanuela Borgnino, L. Giordana
Starting from a comparison between the Belep Islands (Kanaky New Caledonia) and O’ahu (Hawai’i), this paper aims to contribute to the debates about islands and the Anthropocene, highlighting the relevance of the social and ecological responsibilities deriving from genealogical connections to the islands: ‘the weight of the ancestors’. Considering the implications of these kinds of responsibilities can help to understand human and non-human relational entanglements better so as to value the agentive role of other-than-human perspectives.
本文从比较贝勒普群岛(卡纳基新喀里多尼亚)和奥胡岛(夏威夷)开始,旨在促进关于岛屿和人类世的辩论,强调从与岛屿的宗谱联系中产生的社会和生态责任的相关性:“祖先的重量”。考虑这些责任的含义可以帮助我们更好地理解人类和非人类的关系纠缠,从而重视非人类视角的代理作用。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Island Studies Journal
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