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Typical islands, borrowed islands: Epistemological and intellectual decolonialization in island studies 典型岛屿、借来的岛屿:岛屿研究的认识论和知识上的去殖民化
IF 1.5 2区 社会学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.24043/isj.394
Gang Hong
In the emerging scene of non-western island studies, research done on the sinophone world mainly (but not exclusively) by sinophone scholars has become a conspicuous strand in the literature. Despite the diverse locations in focus, most research tends to functionally apply rather than organically engage with west-inflected island theories. Starting from this premise, I embark on a series of critical reflections on the multilayered and intersecting subjectivities of the non-western island researcher and the related challenges in the context of epistemological decolonialization by analyzing two symptomatic narrative vignettes abstracted from my own research experiences in local island and archipelagic areas in China. Specifically, I argue that in the face of intersecting structures and conflicting forces, the non-western island researcher is both stranded and enabled by a series of in-between conditions in which epistemological innovation is difficult, but still possible if pursued through relentless interrogation of one’s own vested interest and constant realignment of positionality. In the end, I propose three ethical-epistemological traps for non-western scholars practicing island research under the shadow of western intellectual hegemony.
在新兴的非西方岛屿研究中,主要(但不完全)由华语学者对华语世界进行的研究已成为文献中引人注目的一股。尽管关注的地点不同,但大多数研究倾向于功能性地应用而不是有机地参与受西方影响的岛屿理论。从这个前提出发,我通过分析从我自己在中国本土岛屿和群岛地区的研究经验中提取的两个有症状的叙事片段,对非西方岛屿研究者的多层次和交叉的主体性以及在认识论的非殖民化背景下的相关挑战进行了一系列批判性思考。具体而言,我认为,面对交叉的结构和冲突的力量,非西方岛屿研究者既被困又被一系列中间条件所支持,在这些条件下,认识论创新是困难的,但如果通过对自己的既得利益和不断的重新定位来追求,仍然是可能的。最后,笔者提出了在西方知识霸权的阴影下,非西方学者从事岛屿研究的三个伦理-认识论陷阱。
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引用次数: 3
Island studies and socio-economic development policies in East Asia 东亚岛屿研究和社会经济发展政策
IF 1.5 2区 社会学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.24043/isj.395
Meng Qu, Carolin Funck, Rie Usui, Kyungjae Jang, Yachen He, A. Lew
The globalization of island studies has resulted in a greater recognition by island studies scholars of the need for more regional-based island research to encompass the diversity of island knowledge and experiences. Island research in East Asia provides examples of both English and native language perspectives across four distinct socio-cultural contexts: Japan, South Korea, the Chinese mainland, and Taiwan. Historical literature and contemporary scholarly research provide a context for understanding: (1) how East Asian researchers engaged with island studies and islandness; and (2) how East Asian socio-economic development policies reflect understandings of islandness locally and across the region. We found similarities among the four East Asian regions, but also variations based on different domestic political perspectives. Given the late start of island research in East Asia, many topics await more detailed future examination.
岛屿研究的全球化使岛屿研究学者更加认识到需要更多以区域为基础的岛屿研究,以包括岛屿知识和经验的多样性。东亚岛屿研究提供了四个不同社会文化背景下的英语和母语视角的例子:日本、韩国、中国大陆和台湾。历史文献和当代学术研究提供了一个理解背景:(1)东亚研究人员如何参与岛屿研究和岛屿性;(2)东亚社会经济发展政策如何反映了对本地和整个地区岛屿性的理解。我们发现了东亚四个地区的相似之处,但也发现了基于不同国内政治观点的差异。鉴于东亚岛屿研究起步较晚,许多课题有待未来更详细的研究。
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引用次数: 1
Islandness in human rights, human rights in islandness: Missing voices 人权中的孤岛,孤岛中的人权:缺失的声音
IF 1.5 2区 社会学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.24043/isj.397
Aikaterini Tsampi
Island Studies literature has rarely engaged with human rights law to scrutinise how the development of human rights standards and/or their (in)efficient implementation on islands contour the lives of islanders and islandness itself. Along similar lines, human rights research and practice do not systematically take into account islandness and Island Studies research. The present article explores the mutual reticence between human rights law and Island Studies, suggesting, though, that both fields can offer each other important opportunities for development. It advocates, in particular, that it is high time for a cohesive human rights and islands approach which is based on the human rights-based approach of islandness and the islandness-based approach in human rights. A potential cross-fertilisation between human rights law and Island Studies can be very promising not only for the advancement of the respective fields from a scholarly point of view, but also for a more efficient understanding of islandness and protection of human rights in practice.
岛屿研究文献很少涉及人权法,以仔细审查人权标准的制定和/或其在岛屿上的有效实施如何影响岛民的生活和岛屿本身。同样,人权研究和实践也没有系统地考虑到岛屿性和岛屿研究。本文探讨了人权法和岛屿研究之间的相互沉默,但表明这两个领域可以相互提供重要的发展机会。它特别主张,现在是采取统一的人权和岛屿办法的时候了,这种办法的基础是岛国的基于人权的办法和人权的基于岛屿的办法。人权法和岛屿研究之间潜在的相互融合非常有希望,这不仅有利于从学术角度推动各自领域的发展,而且有利于在实践中更有效地了解岛屿性和保护人权。
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引用次数: 1
Ferry services and the community development of peripheral island areas in Hong Kong: Evidence from Cheung Chau 香港外围岛屿地区的渡轮服务与社区发展:以周兆洲为例
IF 1.5 2区 社会学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.24043/isj.402
Yui-yip Lau, Ka-chai Tam, A. Ng
The history of Hong Kong ferry services began with the establishment of the colony of the British Empire after the Treaty of Nanking. The ferry system was the foundation of public transport in Hong Kong. This study adopts the concept of centre-periphery theory to explain how ferry services facilitate regional integration in Hong Kong, notably on Outlying Islands, and describe how better transportation influenced the course of development of the communities of the peripheral islands. Through an intensive documentary investigation and in-depth interviews with the islanders, this study undertakes a historical approach to study the evolution of the Hong Kong ferry services throughout the last two centuries, and to see the prospects of its development, particularly the services for the Outlying Islands, in the postcolonial Special Administrative Region. Our main concerns include the significance of ferry services in maintenance, and the economic development and social welfare in the Outlying Islands. The slow decline of Hong Kong ferry services since the 1970s notwithstanding, the study addressed how and why ferry services in Hong Kong are still important to keep the city intact, while giving the islanders some new choices of self-identity and of staying in their peripheral home.
香港渡轮服务的历史始于《南京条约》签订后,香港成为大英帝国的殖民地。渡轮系统是香港公共交通的基础。本研究采用中心-外围理论的概念,解释渡轮服务如何促进香港,特别是离岛的区域一体化,并描述更好的交通如何影响外围岛屿社区的发展进程。本研究透过深入的文献调查及与岛民的深入访谈,以历史的方法研究香港渡轮服务在过去两个世纪的演变,并展望其在后殖民时期特别行政区的发展前景,特别是离岛服务。我们主要关注渡轮服务在维修保养方面的重要性,以及离岛的经济发展和社会福利。尽管香港渡轮服务自20世纪70年代以来缓慢下降,但该研究探讨了香港的渡轮服务如何以及为什么对保持城市的完整仍然很重要,同时为岛民提供了一些自我认同和留在外围家园的新选择。
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引用次数: 1
Decolonial thinking: A critical perspective on positionality and representations in island studies 非殖民思维:岛屿研究中的定位与表征的批判视角
IF 1.5 2区 社会学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.24043/isj.178
Sarah Nimführ, Greca N. Meloni
Scholars conducting research on and about islands face the challenge of countering the epistemic and methodological dominance of external perspectives on islands with an insular internal view, while also avoiding essentializing the island or reproducing Western perspectives. Islands have always been—and in some cases still are—confronted with a colonial gaze. Thus, to avoid producing hegemonic epistemology, we call for critical reflection on how islands are represented in our research, which theoretical concepts are referred to, and what knowledge is produced by applying them. Furthermore, we appeal for a reconsideration of the researcher’s positionality within the field and their role in knowledge production. This special section is a contribution to the decolonial project within island studies.
对岛屿进行研究的学者面临的挑战是,用孤立的内部观点来对抗外部观点在认识和方法上的主导地位,同时也要避免将岛屿本质化或复制西方观点。岛屿一直——在某些情况下仍然——面临着殖民主义的目光。因此,为了避免产生霸权认识论,我们呼吁批判性地反思岛屿在我们的研究中是如何表现的,涉及哪些理论概念,以及通过应用它们产生了什么知识。此外,我们呼吁重新考虑研究人员在该领域的地位及其在知识生产中的作用。这一特别章节是对岛屿研究范围内非殖民化项目的贡献。
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引用次数: 9
Female migration in the Cape Verde islands: From islandness to transnationalism 佛得角群岛的女性移民:从岛屿性到跨国性
IF 1.5 2区 社会学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.24043/isj.180
M. Giuffré
Following island studies scholars’ suggestion to think “with the archipelago” in order to denaturalize and de-territorialize the object of study and grant more attention to decolonization processes and mobilities, this paper uses a gender perspective and multi-sited ethnographic research to explore changes in Cape Verdean identity perception related to islandness and migration issues. The tension between ‘openness’ and ‘closure’ is significant in the case of Cape Verde, where the relationship between the island and islanders represents a condition of being in the world. The sea opens to the outside, but it also closes off and imprisons islanders within the borders of the island. Before the 1970s, when most Cape Verdean migrants were men, inside/outside boundaries were played out as gender boundaries along the male/female opposition: external/internal, Terra Longe (the outside world)/Terra Mamaizinha (the motherland), danger/security. On the isle of Santo Antão, however, this has been changing with the gradual feminization of emigration to Europe. This shift has revolutionized the previous sense of home, giving rise to a new form of transnational female family that connects places of immigration and places of origin while also reorienting Cape Verdean female belonging from insular to transnational.
根据岛屿研究学者提出的“与群岛一起思考”的建议,为了使研究对象变性和去属地化,并更多地关注非殖民化进程和流动性,本文采用性别视角和多地点人种学研究来探索与岛屿性和移民问题相关的佛得角身份认知的变化。在佛得角,“开放”和“封闭”之间的紧张关系非常严重,该岛与岛民之间的关系代表了世界上的一种状态。大海对外开放,但也将岛民封闭并监禁在岛的边界内。在20世纪70年代之前,当大多数佛得角移民都是男性时,内部/外部边界被视为男性/女性对立的性别边界:外部/内部、Terra Longe(外部世界)/Terra Mamaizinha(祖国)、危险/安全。然而,在圣安岛,随着移民到欧洲的女性化,这种情况一直在改变。这种转变彻底改变了以前的家的感觉,产生了一种新的跨国女性家庭形式,将移民地和原籍地联系起来,同时也将佛得角女性的归属从孤立转向跨国。
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引用次数: 3
The ‘other’ within: Striving for health equity in the Maldives Eva-Maria 内部的“另一个”:马尔代夫努力实现健康公平伊娃·玛丽亚
IF 1.5 2区 社会学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.24043/isj.177
E. Knoll
Relations within are quintessential in anthropological fieldwork — and in archipelagos in particular. The domestic sea is incorporated in the national consciousness connecting an archipelagic nation but distinguishing individual islands with a strong emphasis on the centre. The Maldivian archipelago displays this spatial organization of a socio-political and economic centre and a dependent island periphery. In the national consciousness, the capital island, Male', contrasts with “the islands” — a distinction which is particularly evident in the public health sphere, where striving for health equity encounters geographical and socio-political obstacles. Using the topic of the inherited blood disorder thalassaemia as a magnifying lens, this paper asks how different actors are making sense of health inequities between central and outer islands in the Maldivian archipelago. Intra-archipelagic and international mobilities add to the complexities of topological relations, experiences, and representations within this multi-island assemblage. Yet, my study of archipelagic health relations is not confined to a mere outside look at the construction of the ‘island other’ within the archipelagic community. It is a situated investigative gaze on disjunctures, connections, and entanglements, reflecting my methodological-theoretical attempt to unravel my own involvement in island–island relations and representations — my being entangled while investigating entanglements.
内部关系是人类学田野调查的精髓,尤其是在群岛。国内海被纳入国家意识,连接一个群岛国家,但区分各个岛屿,并强调中心。马尔代夫群岛展示了这种社会政治和经济中心以及附属岛屿外围的空间组织。在国家意识中,首都马累岛与“岛屿”形成了鲜明对比——这一区别在公共卫生领域尤为明显,在那里,争取卫生公平遇到了地理和社会政治障碍。本文以遗传性血液病地中海贫血为主题,询问不同的行动者如何理解马尔代夫群岛中岛和外岛之间的健康不平等。群岛内部和国际流动性增加了这个多岛组合中拓扑关系、经验和表征的复杂性。然而,我对群岛健康关系的研究并不仅仅局限于对群岛社区内“其他岛屿”的构建进行外部考察。这是一种对脱节、联系和纠缠的情境式调查凝视,反映了我试图解开自己对岛屿关系和表征的参与的方法论理论尝试——我在调查纠缠时被纠缠。
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引用次数: 2
Growing hope: Island agriculture and refusing catastrophe in climate change adaptation in Fiji 越来越大的希望:斐济的岛屿农业和拒绝气候变化适应灾难
IF 1.5 2区 社会学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.24043/isj.181
D. Griswold
In both media and policy, climate change is broadly framed as the promise of catastrophe for small island states such as Fiji. This framing is often used to attract adaptation investment in islands, the targets and directives of which are frequently market-based and oriented toward economic-growth development models. In Fiji, this takes the form of land tenure policy and efforts to attract investment to support agricultural modernization. Such a pattern is the source of scholarly and activist critique that climate change adaptation is nothing more than a repackaging of neoliberal development. This paper seeks to situate such critique alongside parallel attention to climate change adaptation practices emerging from alternative, hopeful frames and aimed at less national development driven efforts. In doing so, it centers adaptation as a space of unsettled struggle and asks, in what ways do climate change adaptation practices in Fiji align and conflict with dominant framing of island vulnerability and climate catastrophe, and how might they suggest alternative adaptive interventions that renegotiate these frames? Specifically, this paper focuses on efforts to promote ‘traditional’ agriculture throughout Fiji as an endogenous and hopeful form of adaptation, and one consistently opposed to efforts at agricultural modernization as an adaptation strategy.
在媒体和政策上,气候变化被广泛认为是斐济等小岛屿国家的灾难。这种框架经常被用来吸引对岛屿的适应投资,其目标和指令往往以市场为基础,并以经济增长发展模式为导向。在斐济,这采取了土地保有政策和努力吸引投资以支持农业现代化的形式。这种模式是学术界和活动家批评的根源,他们认为气候变化适应只不过是对新自由主义发展的重新包装。本文试图将这种批评与对气候变化适应实践的平行关注放在一起,这些实践是从替代的、充满希望的框架中产生的,旨在减少国家发展驱动的努力。在这样做的过程中,它将适应作为一个悬而未决的斗争空间,并询问斐济的气候变化适应实践在哪些方面与岛屿脆弱性和气候灾难的主导框架相一致和冲突,以及它们如何建议重新谈判这些框架的替代适应干预措施?具体而言,本文侧重于在斐济全国推广“传统”农业,将其作为一种内生的、充满希望的适应形式,并一贯反对将农业现代化作为一种适应战略。
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引用次数: 4
Future past I am a coolie-al…and I reside as an invisible island inside the ocean: Tidalectics, transoceanic crossings, coolitude and a Tamil identity 未来的过去我是一个苦力……我生活在海洋中,就像一座看不见的岛屿:潮汐、越洋、苦力和泰米尔人的身份
IF 1.5 2区 社会学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2021-05-01 DOI: 10.24043/ISJ.159
Y. Nadarajah
The politics of Tamil working-class identity in Malaysia continue to be articulated in subaltern terms, employing term such as ‘coolie’, which is elsewhere an archaic usage from colonial days. Yet the power of the coolie narrative appears salient, and the coolie odyssey is far from over. Drawing upon the author’s longitudinal work with a Tamil squatter settlement in the heart of the city of Kuala Lumpur in the Malay Archipelago, this paper moves from third to first and then second narrative to capture the broad range of ruptures and transformations of Tamil sensibilities, a ‘coolitude’ that grew a pattern of life which emerged from a journey that began on the sea. In this article, the author envisions the ‘black ocean’ as an invisible island; shaped by colonial and imperial histories, racial capitalism and ocean crossings. These transoceanic crossings carried the weight of Tamil histories, rooted in the seas as an invisible island—as both the rupture of an identity and a translation from western namings and discourses. What remains is the ‘island’, rooted in the seas as a colonial wound of history, a tidalectic between transoceanic migration, personhood and language. This community is more than just its resilience, its assertions of power, its affair with identity and belonging, and its response to deep social inequalities in its homeland. It is also a space of a poetics of resoluteness to recover an identity that is not fractured, not alienated from place and transoceanic crossings. This paper attempts a retelling of a hidden hyphen that held the labourer and the personhood apart, but also together. It navigates through the concept of tidalectics first postulated by Barbadian poet and historian Kamau Braithwaite (2003) in conjunction with Valentine Daniel’s (2008) The Coolie and Khal Torabully’s (1992) Coolitude. The paper seeks to understand more deeply the performativity of the hyphen as an invisible island inside the ocean.
马来西亚泰米尔工人阶级身份的政治仍然以次要术语表达,使用了“苦力”等术语,这在其他地方是殖民时代的古老用法。然而苦力叙事的力量似乎很突出,苦力的冒险之旅远未结束。根据作者对马来群岛吉隆坡市中心的一个泰米尔棚户区的纵向研究,本文从第三个叙事转移到第一个叙事,然后是第二个叙事,以捕捉泰米尔人情感的广泛断裂和转变,这种“冷静”形成了一种从海上开始的旅程中产生的生活模式。在这篇文章中,作者将“黑海”想象成一个看不见的岛屿;由殖民地和帝国历史、种族资本主义和渡海所塑造。这些越洋穿越承载着泰米尔历史的分量,植根于作为一个看不见的岛屿的海洋中——既是身份的断裂,也是对西方命名和话语的翻译。剩下的是“岛屿”,它植根于海洋,是历史的殖民创伤,是跨洋移民、人格和语言之间的矛盾。这个社区不仅仅是它的韧性、它对权力的断言、它对身份和归属的关注,以及它对祖国深刻的社会不平等的回应。这也是一个坚定的诗学空间,以恢复一种没有断裂、没有与地方和跨洋穿越疏离的身份。本文试图复述一个隐藏的连字符,这个连字符将劳动者和人格分开,但也结合在一起。它贯穿了巴巴多斯诗人和历史学家Kamau Braithwaite(2003)与Valentine Daniel(2008)的《酷烈》和Khal Torabully(1992)的《酷》首次提出的花言巧语概念。本文试图更深入地理解连字符作为海洋中一个看不见的岛屿的表现力。
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引用次数: 6
Nomadic identities, archipelagic movements, and island diasporas 游牧民族身份、群岛运动和岛屿流散
IF 1.5 2区 社会学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2021-05-01 DOI: 10.24043/ISJ.161
M. Joseph
Nomadic identities have shaped island histories and archipelagic communities since the emergence of the Westphalian state. In the era of postcoloniality, settler colonial realities, decolonial movements, and now climate change, the processes of forced and involuntary migrations as well as states of internal disaffiliation have accentuated the discontinuities between citizenship and island subjects. This special section of Island Studies Journal offers a comprehensive look at how island mobilities and archipelagic diasporas in formation have shaped contemporary notions of nomadic belonging. Islands have historically been entities whose political struggles for citizenship have been frequently repressed. This section explores island becoming, displaced and migrant archipelagic affiliations, and emerging historical understandings of nomadic citizenship.
自威斯特伐利亚州出现以来,游牧民族的身份塑造了岛屿历史和群岛社区。在后殖民时代,定居者的殖民现实、非殖民化运动,以及现在的气候变化,被迫和非自愿移民的过程以及内部的分裂状态,加剧了公民身份和岛屿主体之间的不连续性。《岛屿研究杂志》的这一特刊全面探讨了岛屿流动性和群岛流散地的形成如何塑造了当代游牧民族归属的观念。岛屿历来是争取公民身份的政治斗争经常遭到镇压的实体。本节探讨岛屿的形成、流离失所和移民的群岛归属,以及对游牧公民身份的新历史理解。
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引用次数: 2
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