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Sensitivity to Initial Data Errors in Interpreting Temperature Logging of an Isolated Injection Well Segment 解读隔离注水井段温度测井数据时对初始数据误差的敏感性
Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.26907/2541-7746.2024.2.238-249
K. Potashev, D. R. Salimyanova, A. B. Mazo, A. A. Davletshin, A. V. Kosterin
This study considers the inverse problems inherent in interpreting temperature logging data from an isolated segment of the injection well in order to ascertain its operating period and the thermophysical properties of the oil reservoir.The forward problem of thermal conductivity was reduced to a one-dimensional axisymmetric formulation within the oil reservoir layer, disregarding the vertical thermal exchange with neighboring layers.The inverse problem of determining the well operating period was solved by reformulating the forward problem with regard to the temperature field derivative, which enabled the use of first-order optimization methods. Thus, Nesterov’s method was applied. An algorithm to automatically scale one of the method’s parameters (step length) was developed, and the optimal value of the second parameter (inertial step) was calculated. This increased the efficiency of the method by 10 – 15 % in solving the problem under consideration.The algorithm’s stability against perturbations in the initial data on temperature and thermophysical properties was demonstrated. The sensitivity analysis revealed that a 1 % error in the temperature measurements results in a standard deviation of the solution, which is about 2 % from the true value of the well operating period. A similar level of error was seen when the thermal diffusivity was overor underestimated by approximately 15 %. The solution was little sensitive to variations in the heat transfer coefficient between the oil reservoir and the well at characteristic magnitudes; even with a twofold distortion, the error in the determination of the well operating period did not exceed 1.5 %. To mitigate the error in thermometry interpretation to 1 %, temperature measurements must have an error margin of no more than 0.25 %, alongside precisely specified thermophysical properties of the oil reservoir, or, alternatively, when temperature is measured accurately, the rock thermal diffusivity must be set within an error margin of less than 3 %, but it is nearly impossible under real conditions.Increasing the number of temperature measurements diminishes the sensitivity to measurement errors, with the optimal efficacy achieved at 10 measurements, rendering further increments impractical.Therefore, the algorithm’s stability and the solution’s sensitivity of the inverse problem of determining the reservoir thermal diffusivity for a given operating period of the well relative to temperature measurement errors were found. The results show that a 1 % error in temperature measurements leads to a standard deviation of about 6 % from the true value. 
本研究考虑了在解释注水井孤立井段的温度测井数据以确定其作业期和油藏热物理性质时所固有的反问题。热导率的正向问题被简化为油藏层内的一维轴对称问题,忽略了与邻近油层的垂直热交换。因此,采用了涅斯捷罗夫方法。开发了一种算法来自动调整该方法的一个参数(步长),并计算出第二个参数(惯性步长)的最佳值。该算法在温度和热物理性质初始数据发生扰动时的稳定性得到了验证。灵敏度分析表明,温度测量误差为 1%时,解法的标准偏差约为油井工作周期真实值的 2%。热阻系数高估或低估约 15%时,也会产生类似的误差。该解决方案对油藏和油井之间热传导系数在特征量级上的变化几乎不敏感;即使有两倍的扭曲,油井作业期的确定误差也不超过 1.5%。要将测温解释的误差减小到 1%,温度测量的误差率必须不超过 0.25%,同时还要精确确定油藏的热物理性质,或者,在精确测量温度时,必须将岩石热阻设定在误差率小于 3% 的范围内,但这在实际条件下几乎是不可能的。增加温度测量次数会降低对测量误差的敏感性,10 次测量就能达到最佳效率,因此再增加测量次数是不切实际的。因此,研究了在给定的油井作业期内确定储层热阻反问题的算法稳定性和解决方案对温度测量误差的敏感性。结果表明,温度测量误差为 1%,与真实值的标准偏差约为 6%。
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引用次数: 0
Experimental and Theoretical Study on the Failure of Sandwich Specimens with Tabs under Four-Point Bending 四点弯曲条件下带片材夹层试样破坏的实验和理论研究
Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.26907/2541-7746.2024.2.200-219
V. Paimushin, S. Kholmogorov, M. Makarov, N. V. Levshonkova
The problem of testing sandwich specimens with composite facing layers and a transversally soft core for four-point bending was formulated. The localized external load from the loading rollers to the facing layer of the specimen was assumed to be transmitted through composite tabs, which reduced the stress concentration in the compressed facing layer. The external facing layers and tabs were analyzed for deformation mechanics using S.P. Timoshenko’s kinematic model. The model considered compression in the facing layers but not in the tabs. The core was classified as transversally soft with zero tangential stresses. The tabs were connected to the facing layers through adhesive interlayers, and the displacement vectors of the front surfaces of the tabs were coupled kinematically with the displacement vectors of the front surfaces of the facing layers. The relationships between the transverse shear stresses and strain in the facing layers were assumed to be physically nonlinear, with the shear modulus being a function of the shear strain.Using the generalized variational principle of virtual displacements, a system of nonlinear differential equilibrium equations for the facing layers and tabs was derived. The system was closed by three more equations, which were the conditions for the kinematic coupling of the facing layers with the core based on tangential displacements. To numerically solve the formulated problem, the finite sum method, also known as the method of integrating matrices, was employed. This method involved reducing the original boundary value problem to integro-algebraic equations with Volterra-type operators of the second kind and additional relations for determining the unknown integration constants. The algorithm of the developed method was implemented as an application software, which facilitated a series of computational experiments. The results obtained were compared with the experimental data on the four-point bending of sandwich specimens with the facing layers made of a unidirectional fiber-reinforced composite characterized by specific geometric and physico-mechanical properties, as well as with tabs under the loading rollers. It was shown that the use of tabs significantly increases the ultimate compressive failure stresses in the facing layers.
研究人员提出了对具有复合面层和横向软核的夹层试样进行四点弯曲测试的问题。假定从加载辊到试样面层的局部外部载荷通过复合片传递,从而减少了压缩面层的应力集中。使用 S.P. Timoshenko 的运动学模型对外部面层和片材进行了变形力学分析。该模型考虑了面层的压缩,但未考虑片层的压缩。芯材被归类为横向软质材料,切向应力为零。凸台通过粘合剂夹层与面层相连,凸台前表面的位移矢量与面层前表面的位移矢量通过运动学耦合。面层的横向剪应力和应变之间的关系被假定为物理非线性,剪切模量是剪切应变的函数。利用虚拟位移的广义变分原理,推导出了面层和片材的非线性二阶平衡方程组。该系统由另外三个方程封闭,它们是基于切向位移的面层与核心的运动耦合条件。为了对所提出的问题进行数值求解,采用了有限和法,也称为矩阵积分法。该方法涉及将原始边界值问题简化为带有 Volterra 型第二类算子的积分代数方程,以及确定未知积分常数的附加关系。所开发方法的算法以应用软件的形式实现,这为一系列计算实验提供了便利。所获得的结果与夹层试样四点弯曲的实验数据进行了比较,夹层试样的面层由单向纤维增强复合材料制成,具有特定的几何和物理机械特性,并且在加载辊下设有标签。结果表明,使用凸块会显著增加面层的极限压缩破坏应力。
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引用次数: 0
Nonlinear Aeroelastic Oscillations in the Wall of a Flat Channel Filled with Viscous Gas and Resting on a Vibrating Foundation 充满粘性气体并位于振动基础上的扁平通道壁的非线性气弹振动
Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.26907/2541-7746.2024.2.220-237
V. Popov, A. A. Popovа
This article considers the problem of aeroelastic oscillations in the channel wall having a suspension with hardening cubic nonlinearity, which were induced by the vibration of the channel foundation. The narrow flat channel formed by two parallel rigid walls and filled with pulsating viscous gas was examined. The bottom wall was stationary, while the opposite one had a nonlinear elastic suspension. The aeroelasticity problem was formulated for the isothermal state of the gas and channel walls. Considering the narrowness of the channel, the equations of dynamics were derived for a thin layer of the viscous gas, and the asymptotic analysis of the problem was performed by the perturbation method. Using the method of iterations, the law of viscous gas pressure distribution in the channel was determined, and the equation of aeroelastic oscillations in the channel wall was obtained as a generalization of the Duffing equation. This equation was solved by the harmonic balance method. The primary nonlinear aeroelastic response of the channel wall and the nonlinear phase shift were expressed as implicit functions. These characteristics were studied numerically to evaluate the influence of the nonlinear elastic suspension of the channel wall and the viscous gas inertia and compressibility on the nonlinear oscillations in the channel wall.
本文研究了具有硬化立方非线性悬浮物的通道壁的气动弹性振荡问题,这种振荡是由通道基础的振动引起的。研究了由两面平行的刚性壁形成的、充满脉动粘性气体的狭窄通道。底壁是静止的,而对面的壁具有非线性弹性悬挂。气动弹性问题是针对气体和通道壁的等温状态提出的。考虑到通道狭窄,推导出了粘性气体薄层的动力学方程,并用扰动法对问题进行了渐近分析。利用迭代法,确定了通道中粘性气体压力分布的规律,并得到了通道壁气动弹性振荡方程,即 Duffing 方程的广义化。该方程采用谐波平衡法求解。通道壁的主要非线性气动弹性响应和非线性相移用隐式函数表示。对这些特性进行了数值研究,以评估通道壁的非线性弹性悬浮以及粘性气体的惯性和可压缩性对通道壁非线性振荡的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of Photoexcitation Conditions on the Spin Polarization of Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Isotopically Enriched Silicon Carbide 6H-28 SiC 光激发条件对同位素富集的碳化硅 6H-28 SiC 中氮空位中心自旋极化的影响
Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.26907/2541-7746.2024.2.187-199
F. F. Murzakhanov, G. Mamin, M. Sadovnikova, D. Shurtakova, O. P. Kazarova, E. Mokhov, M. Gafurov
Spin defects in semiconductors are attracting interest as a material basis for quantum information and computing technologies. In this work, the spin properties of negatively − charged nitrogen-vacancy ( NV ) centers in a 6H-SiC silicon carbide crystal enriched with the 28 Si isotope were studied by high-frequency ( 94 GHz) electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) − methods. Due to an optical excitation channel at the NV centers, it was possible to initialize the electron spin of the defect using a laser source, which led to a significant increase in the intensity of the recorded EPR signal. The dependences of the observed spin polarization were analyzed at different optical excitation wavelengths ( λ = 640 – 1064 nm), output power ( 0 – 500 mW), and temperature ( 50 – 300 K) of the crystal. The results obtained reveal the optimal experimental conditions for maximizing the efficiency of optical quantum energy transfer to − the spin system. This opens up new possibilities for using NV centers in 6H-SiC to create multi-qubit spin-photon interfaces operating in the infrared region.
作为量子信息和计算技术的材料基础,半导体中的自旋缺陷正引起人们的兴趣。在这项研究中,利用高频(94 GHz)电子顺磁共振(EPR)方法研究了富含 28 Si 同位素的 6H-SiC 碳化硅晶体中带负电的氮空位(NV)中心的自旋特性。由于在 NV 中心有一个光学激发通道,因此可以使用激光源初始化缺陷的电子自旋,这使得记录的 EPR 信号强度显著增加。在不同的光学激发波长(λ = 640 - 1064 nm)、输出功率(0 - 500 mW)和晶体温度(50 - 300 K)条件下,分析了观察到的自旋极化的相关性。所获得的结果揭示了将光量子能量转移到自旋系统中的易传性最大化的最佳实验条件。这为利用 6H-SiC 中的 NV 中心创建在红外区域工作的多量子位自旋光子界面提供了新的可能性。
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引用次数: 0
Modeling the Inertial Deposition of Aerosol Particles in a Mixed-Type Filter 气溶胶粒子在混合型过滤器中的惯性沉积建模
Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.26907/2541-7746.2024.2.262-272
D. A. Safin, S. Zaripov, R. Mardanov, E. A. Kosterina
This article presents a mathematical model that describes the movement of suspended aerosol particles in a mixed-type filter. For the carrier medium, a model of incompressible fluid flow in a porous periodic element consisting of many cylinders with diameters in the nano- and micrometer range was adopted. The Stokes boundary value problem for the flow function was solved using the boundary element method. The efficiency of the deposition of suspended particles was determined by calculating their trajectories in the identified velocity field of the carrier medium. For various ratios of mass fractions of nano- and microfibers, the dependences of the deposition efficiency due to the inertial impact and interception mechanism on the Stokes number were found.
本文提出了一种描述悬浮气溶胶粒子在混合型过滤器中运动的数学模型。对于载体介质,采用了一个不可压缩流体在由许多直径在纳米和微米范围内的圆柱体组成的多孔周期元素中流动的模型。采用边界元法求解了流动函数的斯托克斯边界值问题。通过计算悬浮颗粒在载体介质速度场中的轨迹,确定了悬浮颗粒的沉积效率。针对纳米和微米粒子的不同质量分数比,发现了惯性撞击和拦截机制导致的沉积效率与斯托克斯数的关系。
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引用次数: 0
R-Linear Conjugation Problem on the Unit Circle in the Parabolic Case 抛物线情况下单位圆上的 R 线性共轭问题
Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.26907/2541-7746.2024.2.250-261
S. Rogosin, L. Primachuk, M. Dubatovskaya
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引用次数: 0
On the Linear Complexity of Generalized Cyclotomic Sequences with Odd Period 论奇数周期广义循环序列的线性复杂性
Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.26907/2541-7746.2024.2.162-172
V. Edemskiy
The linear complexity of new generalized cyclotomic sequences with odd period was estimated. The sequences were defined using generalized cyclotomic classes composite modulo. Conditions sufficient for the existence of binary and non-binary sequences with high linear complexity were obtained. The earlier results on the linear complexity of sequences with the period equal to the power of a prime were generalized.
对具有奇数周期的新广义循环序列的线性复杂性进行了估算。这些序列是用广义旋律类复合模来定义的。研究获得了具有高线性复杂度的二进制和非二进制序列存在的必要条件。早先关于周期等于素数幂的序列的线性复杂性的结果得到了推广。
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引用次数: 0
Mixed Boundary Value Problem for a Monotone Equation with a Lower Order Term and Point Sources on the Right Side 带低阶项和右侧点源的单调方程的混合边界值问题
Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.26907/2541-7746.2024.2.173-186
O. Zadvornov, G. O. Trifonova
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引用次数: 0
Diophantine Equation Generated by the Subfield of a Circular Field 圆场子场产生的二叉方程
Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.26907/2541-7746.2024.2.147-161
I. G. Galyautdinov, E. Lavrentyeva
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引用次数: 0
Multivariate Rayleigh, Rice, and Nakagami distributions and their applications in communication theory 多变量瑞利、赖斯和中上分布及其在通信理论中的应用
Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.26907/2541-7746.2024.2.127-146
Yu. A. Brychkov, N. Savischenko
A method was developed to calculate the symbol and bit error probabilities for coherent diversity reception of multi-position signal structures in a communication channel with additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and general fading described by the multivariate Rayleigh and Nakagami distributions, as well as the bivariate Rice distribution.
本研究开发了一种方法,用于计算在具有加性白高斯噪声(AWGN)和由多变量瑞利分布、中上分布以及双变量赖斯分布描述的一般衰减的通信信道中,多位置信号结构的相干分集接收的符号和比特误差概率。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Uchenye Zapiski Kazanskogo Universiteta. Seriya Fiziko-Matematicheskie Nauki
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