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Influence of the shape of the anode assembly inner channel on plasma flow velocity 阳极组件内通道形状对等离子流速的影响
Pub Date : 2024-04-13 DOI: 10.26907/2541-7746.2024.1.58-73
R. Okulov, V. A. Krashaninin, B. R. Gelchinsky, A. Rempel
   This article considers how the shape of the inner channel in the anode assembly affects plasma flow velocity in a plasma torch. Three different shapes of the anode assembly were analyzed, all with a conical confusor part of 50 mm in length: with a diameter transition from 12 to 6 mm, from 12 to 8 mm, and from 12 to 10 mm. A computer experiment was performed using the finite element method and then validated by the subsequent full-scale experiment on a laboratory plasma unit. The obtained results were verified. The verification outcomes showed a satisfactory convergence and were consistent with the published data. A review of the existing plasma unit designs for powder production, application of functional coatings, and surface modification was carried out. The software packages implementing the finite element method to solve these problems were examined. The study yielded practical recommendations for consumers and developers of plasma equipment and identified the shapes of the anode assembly enabling both supersonic and subsonic plasma flow regimes.
本文探讨了阳极组件内通道的形状如何影响等离子体割炬中的等离子体流速。文章分析了三种不同形状的阳极组件,它们都带有一个长度为 50 毫米的锥形混淆器部件:直径分别从 12 毫米过渡到 6 毫米、从 12 毫米过渡到 8 毫米以及从 12 毫米过渡到 10 毫米。使用有限元方法进行了计算机实验,并通过随后在实验室等离子装置上进行的全尺寸实验进行了验证。获得的结果得到了验证。验证结果表明收敛性令人满意,并且与公布的数据一致。对现有用于粉末生产、功能涂层应用和表面改性的等离子装置设计进行了审查。研究还考察了采用有限元法解决这些问题的软件包。研究为等离子体设备的消费者和开发商提供了实用建议,并确定了可实现超音速和亚音速等离子体流动状态的阳极组件形状。
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引用次数: 0
Tricomi problem and integral equations 特里科米问题和积分方程
Pub Date : 2024-04-13 DOI: 10.26907/2541-7746.2024.1.74-91
N. Pleshchinskii
   Formulas for inverting integral equations that arise when studying the Tricomi problem for the Lavrentyev–Bitsadze equation were derived. Solvability conditions of an auxiliary overdetermined problem in the elliptic part of the mixed domain were found using the Green function method. A connection was established between the Green functions of the Dirichlet problem and problem N for the Laplace equation in the form of integral equations mutually inverting each other. Various integral equations were considered, including explicitly solvable ones, to which the Tricomi problem can be reduced. An explicit solution of the characteristic singular equation with a Cauchy kernel was obtained without involving the theory of boundary value problems for analytic functions.
推导了在研究拉夫连季耶夫-比萨泽方程的特里科米问题时出现的积分方程的反演公式。利用格林函数法找到了混合域椭圆部分辅助超定问题的可解性条件。以积分方程相互倒置的形式,在迪里夏特问题的格林函数和拉普拉斯方程的问题 N 之间建立了联系。考虑了各种积分方程,包括可明确求解的积分方程,Tricomi 问题可以简化为这些方程。在不涉及解析函数边界值问题理论的情况下,获得了具有考奇内核的特征奇异方程的显式解。
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引用次数: 0
On the motion of a viscous liquid with a free boundary 关于有自由边界的粘性液体的运动
Pub Date : 2024-04-13 DOI: 10.26907/2541-7746.2024.1.99-110
V. L. Sennitskii
   The problem of the non-stationary flow of a viscous liquid with an external free boundary around a moving solid cylindrical body was formulated and solved. The liquid is subject to periodic impacts with or without the predominant direction in space. To formulate the problem, the Navier—Stokes equation, the continuity equation, and the equation of conditions at both the solid and free boundaries of the liquid were used. New hydro-mechanical effects were discovered.
提出并求解了粘性液体围绕运动的固体圆柱体的非静态流动问题,该液体具有外部自由边界。液体在空间中受到有或无主导方向的周期性冲击。为了解决这个问题,使用了纳维-斯托克斯方程、连续性方程以及液体固体边界和自由边界的条件方程。发现了新的流体力学效应。
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引用次数: 0
Combined strategies for managing the securities portfolio structure 管理证券投资组合结构的组合战略
Pub Date : 2024-04-13 DOI: 10.26907/2541-7746.2024.1.92-98
M. A. Sevodin
   The possibilities of combining known techniques for optimizing the securities portfolio (SP) structure were studied. A method was introduced that enables the simultaneous use of both passive and active approaches to managing the SP structure. The combined application of these methods is based on techniques for SP diversification and searching for an SP structure that mirrors the SP structure of an index fund. The objective function was modified in order to optimize the SP structure according to the traditional “return–risk” approach. The proposed objective function, along with the security risk, describes the degree to which the desired distribution of SP shares coincides with the distribution generated using an index fund. It was established that the main properties of optimal SPs obtained with the “return–risk” approach also occur in the case under consideration.
研究了结合已知技术优化证券投资组合(SP)结构的可能性。介绍了一种能同时使用被动和主动方法来管理 SP 结构的方法。这些方法的综合应用基于证券投资组合多样化技术和寻找反映指数基金证券投资组合结构的证券投资组合结构的技术。为了按照传统的 "收益-风险 "方法优化 SP 结构,对目标函数进行了修改。所提出的目标函数与安全风险一起,描述了所期望的 SP 股份分布与使用指数基金产生的分布的吻合程度。结果表明,用 "收益-风险 "方法获得的最优 SP 的主要特性也出现在所考虑的情况中。
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引用次数: 0
A key exchange protocol based on the ring Bn(R, P) 基于环 Bn(R,P)的密钥交换协议
Pub Date : 2024-04-13 DOI: 10.26907/2541-7746.2024.1.52-57
M. F. Nasrutdinov
   A key exchange protocol over a special class of formal matrices Bn(R, P) was proposed. The potential of this design for constructing key exchange protocols using suitable associative rings and ideals over them was shown.
提出了一种特殊形式矩阵 Bn(R,P)上的密钥交换协议。该设计显示了使用合适的关联环和关联环上的理想来构建密钥交换协议的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
The Hilbert problem in a half-plane for generalized analytic functions with a singular point on the real axis 实轴上有奇异点的广义解析函数的半平面上的希尔伯特问题
Pub Date : 2024-04-13 DOI: 10.26907/2541-7746.2024.1.111-122
P. Shabalin, R. Faizov
   This article analyzes the inhomogeneous Hilbert boundary value problem for an upper half-plane with the finite index and boundary condition on the real axis for one generalized Cauchy–Riemann equation with a singular point on the real axis. A structural formula was obtained for the general solution of this equation under restrictions leading to an infinite index of the logarithmic order of the accompanying Hilbert boundary value problem for analytic functions. This formula and the solvability results of the Hilbert problem in the theory of analytic functions were applied to solve the set boundary value problem.
本文分析了上半平面的非均质希尔伯特边界值问题,其有限指数和边界条件为实轴上有奇点的广义考奇-黎曼方程。在导致伴随的解析函数希尔伯特边界值问题对数阶无限指数的限制条件下,获得了该方程一般解的结构式。该公式和解析函数理论中希尔伯特问题的可解性结果被用于求解集合边界值问题。
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引用次数: 0
Some estimates for elliptic systems generalizing the Bitsadze system of equations 比萨泽方程组椭圆系统的一些估计值
Pub Date : 2024-04-12 DOI: 10.26907/2541-7746.2024.1.22-35
S. Baizaev, R. Barotov
   This article explores an elliptic system of n equations where the main part is the Bitsadze operator (the square of the Cauchy–Riemann operator) and the lower term is the product of a given matrix function by the conjugate of the desired vector function. The system was analyzed in the Banach space of vector functions that are bounded and uniformly H¨older continuous in the entire complex plane. It was revealed that the problem of solving the system in the specified space may not be Noetherian. An example of a homogeneous system with an infinite number of linearly independent solutions was given. As is known, for many classes of elliptic systems, the Noetherianity of boundary value problems in a compact domain is equivalent to the presence of a priori estimates in the corresponding spaces. In this regard, it is important to study the issues related to the establishment of a priori estimates for the system under consideration in the above space. In the case of coefficients weakly oscillating at infinity, necessary and sufficient conditions for the validity of the a priori estimate were found. These conditions were written out in the language of the spectrum of limit matrices formed by the partial limits of the coefficient matrix at infinity. Specific examples were provided to illustrate how the limit matrices are constructed and what the above conditions look like.
本文探讨了一个包含 n 个方程的椭圆系统,其中主要部分是比萨泽算子(考奇-黎曼算子的平方),下部项是给定矩阵函数与所需矢量函数共轭的乘积。该系统是在整个复平面上有界且均匀 H¨older 连续的矢量函数的巴拿赫空间中分析的。结果发现,在指定空间中求解系统的问题可能不是诺特问题。举例说明了具有无限多个线性独立解的均质系统。众所周知,对于许多类别的椭圆系统,紧凑域中边界值问题的 Noetherian 性等同于相应空间中先验估计的存在。因此,研究在上述空间中为所考虑的系统建立先验估计的相关问题非常重要。在系数在无穷大处弱振荡的情况下,找到了先验估计有效性的必要条件和充分条件。这些条件是用系数矩阵的部分极限在无穷大时形成的极限矩阵谱语言写出来的。我们还提供了具体的例子来说明如何构造极限矩阵以及上述条件是什么样的。
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引用次数: 0
On the stability of a particular class of one-dimensional states of dynamic equilibrium of the Vlasov–Poisson electron gas 论弗拉索夫-泊松电子气动态平衡的一类特殊一维状态的稳定性
Pub Date : 2024-04-12 DOI: 10.26907/2541-7746.2024.1.36-51
Y. Gubarev, M. S. Kotelnikova
   The one-dimensional problem of the linear stability of dynamic states of local thermodynamic equilibria with respect to small perturbations was studied for the case when the Vlasov–Poisson electron gas contains electrons with a stationary distribution function that is constant in physical space and variable in a continuum of velocities. The absolute instability of all considered one-dimensional dynamic states of any local thermodynamic equilibrium was proved using the direct Lyapunov method. The scope of applicability of the Newcomb–Gardner–Rosenbluth sufficient condition for linear stability was outlined. An a priori exponential estimation was obtained for the rise of small one-dimensional perturbations from below. Analytic counterexamples to the spectral Newсomb–Gardner theorem and the Penrose criterion were constructed. Earnshaw’s theorem was extended from classical mechanics tostatistical one.
针对弗拉索夫-泊松电子气体包含电子的情况,研究了局部热力学平衡动态状态相对于微小扰动的线性稳定性的一维问题,电子的静态分布函数在物理空间中是恒定的,在速度连续体中是可变的。使用直接李亚普诺夫方法证明了所有考虑的一维动态态的任何局部热力学平衡的绝对不稳定性。概述了纽科姆-加德纳-罗森布鲁特线性稳定性充分条件的适用范围。获得了自下而上的小一维扰动上升的先验指数估计。构建了频谱 Newсomb-Gardner 定理和 Penrose 准则的分析反例。恩肖定理从经典力学扩展到了统计学。
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引用次数: 0
A priori and a posteriori estimates for solving one evolutionary inverse problem 解决一个进化逆问题的先验估计和后验估计
Pub Date : 2024-04-11 DOI: 10.26907/2541-7746.2024.1.5-21
V. K. Andreev, I. V. Stepanova
   This article considers an initial-boundary value problem for a system of parabolic equations, which arises when studying the flow of a binary mixture in a horizontal channel with walls heated non-uniformly. The problem was reduced to a sequence of initial-boundary value problems with Dirichlet or Neumann conditions. Among them, an inverse problem with a non-local overdetermination condition was distinguished. The solution was constructed using the Fourier method and validated as classical. The behavior of the non-stationary solution at large times was discussed. It was shown that certain functions within the solution tend to their stationary analogs exponentially at large times. For some functions, only boundedness was proved. The problem and its solution are relevant for modeling the thermal modes associated with the separation of liquid mixtures.
本文研究了抛物方程组的初界值问题,该问题是在研究二元混合物在壁面受热不均匀的水平通道中的流动时产生的。该问题被简化为一系列具有 Dirichlet 或 Neumann 条件的初界值问题。在这些问题中,有一个带有非局部过度确定条件的反问题。利用傅立叶方法构建了解,并验证为经典解。讨论了非稳态解在较大时间内的行为。结果表明,解中的某些函数在大段时间内以指数形式趋向于其静态类似物。对于某些函数,只证明了其有界性。该问题及其解与液体混合物分离相关的热模式建模有关。
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引用次数: 0
Qualitative Properties of the Solution of a Conjugate Problem of Thermal Convection 热对流共轭问题解法的定性特性
Pub Date : 2024-02-18 DOI: 10.26907/2541-7746.2023.4.326-343
A. A. Azanov, E. Lemeshkova
The joint convection of two viscous heat-conducting liquids in a three-dimensional layer bounded by flat solid walls was studied. The upper wall is thermally insulated, and the lower wall has a non-stationary temperature field. The liquids are immiscible and separated by a flat interface with complex conjugation conditions set on it. The evolution of this system in each liquid was described by the Oberbeck–Boussinesq equations. The solution of the problem was sought for velocities that are linear in two coordinates and temperature fields that are quadratic functions of the same coordinates. Thus, the problem was reduced to a system of 10 nonlinear integro-differential equations. Its conjugate and inverse nature is determined by the four functions of time. Integral redefinition conditions were set to find them. The physical meaning of the integral conditions is the closeness of the flow. The inverse initial-boundary value problem describes convection near the temperature extremum point on the lower solid wall in a two-layer system. For small Marangoni numbers, the problem was approximated linearly (the Marangoni number is analogous to the Reynolds number in the Navier–Stokes equations). Using the obtained a priori estimates, sufficient conditions were identified for the non-stationary solution to become a stationary one over time.
研究了在以平面实体墙为边界的三维层中两种粘性导热液体的联合对流。上壁为隔热壁,下壁为非稳态温度场。液体互不相溶,被一个平面界面隔开,界面上设置了复杂的共轭条件。该系统在每种液体中的演化由 Oberbeck-Boussinesq 方程描述。该问题的解法适用于两个坐标的线性速度和同一坐标的二次函数温度场。因此,该问题被简化为由 10 个非线性积分微分方程组成的系统。其共轭和逆性质由四个时间函数决定。为了找到它们,设定了积分重新定义条件。积分条件的物理意义在于流动的紧密性。逆初始边界值问题描述的是双层系统中固体下壁温度极值点附近的对流。对于较小的马兰戈尼数,问题被线性近似(马兰戈尼数类似于纳维-斯托克斯方程中的雷诺数)。利用获得的先验估计值,确定了非稳态解随时间变化成为稳态解的充分条件。
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引用次数: 0
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Uchenye Zapiski Kazanskogo Universiteta. Seriya Fiziko-Matematicheskie Nauki
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