Over the past two decades, information and communication technologies (ICTs) have reaped significant attention from security experts, computer scientists, intelligence agencies, and governments for their potential applications in conflict scenarios. Using ICTs for offensive or defensive purposes to instantly invade, disrupt, or control the opponent's resources is known as strategic information warfare (SIW). Although SIW is as ancient as military history, the communication sciences revolution has altered its character. It has evolved into a double-edged weapon that is equally crucial for strong nations, technically underdeveloped states, non-state entities, and individual software experts. Some nations, most notably the US, Russia, and China, have taken the SIW technology seriously and compared it to the danger posed by WMDs. In the south Asian context, Pakistan faces a direct threat from India, which collaborates closely with Israel, by the use of SIW. Additionally, the Western media portrays a highly negative picture of Pakistan's administration, law and order, and economy. The national media, suitably supported by foreign players, has begun a propaganda warfare effort against Pakistan's military forces and intelligence institutions. However, SIW is now a global danger, necessitating a worldwide response. Pakistan must create a proactive national strategy to prepare for the problems erupted from SIW strike on the communication network, which is crucial for the operation of its nuclear facilities.
{"title":"Pakistan in the Crosshairs and the Rising Stakes of Strategic Information Warfare","authors":"Dr. Sahibzada Muhammad Usman","doi":"10.52015/jrss.12i1.235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52015/jrss.12i1.235","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past two decades, information and communication technologies (ICTs) have reaped significant attention from security experts, computer scientists, intelligence agencies, and governments for their potential applications in conflict scenarios. Using ICTs for offensive or defensive purposes to instantly invade, disrupt, or control the opponent's resources is known as strategic information warfare (SIW). Although SIW is as ancient as military history, the communication sciences revolution has altered its character. It has evolved into a double-edged weapon that is equally crucial for strong nations, technically underdeveloped states, non-state entities, and individual software experts. Some nations, most notably the US, Russia, and China, have taken the SIW technology seriously and compared it to the danger posed by WMDs. In the south Asian context, Pakistan faces a direct threat from India, which collaborates closely with Israel, by the use of SIW. \u0000Additionally, the Western media portrays a highly negative picture of Pakistan's administration, law and order, and economy. The national media, suitably supported by foreign players, has begun a propaganda warfare effort against Pakistan's military forces and intelligence institutions. However, SIW is now a global danger, necessitating a worldwide response. Pakistan must create a proactive national strategy to prepare for the problems erupted from SIW strike on the communication network, which is crucial for the operation of its nuclear facilities.","PeriodicalId":516835,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Social Sciences","volume":"25 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140510774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigates the vulnerabilities and challenges exacerbated by bioterrorism empirically. Terrorists, organizations, and individuals deliberately use biological weapons to kill humans, animals, and plants. According to experts, the threats are multifaceted and have intensified in the modern world, such as 5th generation warfare and health crises. The study is exploratory, employing a qualitative approach to explore the literature, policy documents, and reports released by international and national organizations. In addition, the study integrates the most recent papers published during COVID-19 to investigate the difficulties and potential of bioterrorism. The findings provide a thorough understanding of the expected dangers of bioterrorism, such as threats of theft and attack, threats to utilize biological weapons, which are cost-effective, by terrorist groups, anarchic proliferation across the globe, biological agent manipulation, and so on. During the pandemic COVID-19, several countries, including Pakistan, experienced these risks. Given all of the looming concerns stated above, precautionary actions should be implemented to avoid these threats in the event of a new international bioterror strike in the future.
{"title":"Assessing the Vulnerabilities of Bioterrorism: Challenges and Prospects","authors":"Bushra Qamar, Adeel Irfan, Javed Iqbal","doi":"10.52015/jrss.12i1.253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52015/jrss.12i1.253","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the vulnerabilities and challenges exacerbated by bioterrorism empirically. Terrorists, organizations, and individuals deliberately use biological weapons to kill humans, animals, and plants. According to experts, the threats are multifaceted and have intensified in the modern world, such as 5th generation warfare and health crises. The study is exploratory, employing a qualitative approach to explore the literature, policy documents, and reports released by international and national organizations. In addition, the study integrates the most recent papers published during COVID-19 to investigate the difficulties and potential of bioterrorism. The findings provide a thorough understanding of the expected dangers of bioterrorism, such as threats of theft and attack, threats to utilize biological weapons, which are cost-effective, by terrorist groups, anarchic proliferation across the globe, biological agent manipulation, and so on. During the pandemic COVID-19, several countries, including Pakistan, experienced these risks. Given all of the looming concerns stated above, precautionary actions should be implemented to avoid these threats in the event of a new international bioterror strike in the future.","PeriodicalId":516835,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Social Sciences","volume":"54 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140510169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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