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Negotiation Strategies in International Diplomatic Conflicts in United States 美国国际外交冲突中的谈判策略
Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.47604/jcm.2625
Joshua Jackson
Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze negotiation strategies in international diplomatic conflicts in United States. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: Findings on negotiation strategies in U.S. diplomatic conflicts highlight the use of coercive diplomacy, economic sanctions, and multilateral negotiations. These strategies involve bilateral talks, international organizations, and third-party mediation. Leverage, including military power and economic incentives, is employed to advance U.S. interests. Challenges arise from divergent interests and power dynamics. Success requires a balanced approach of assertiveness and flexibility. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Game theory, constructivism & distributive and integrative bargaining may be used to anchor future studies on the negotiation strategies in international diplomatic conflicts in United States. Provide negotiators with training and resources to enhance their cross-cultural competence, including understanding cultural values, communication styles, and negotiation norms. Invest in the development of mediation and third-party intervention mechanisms to facilitate diplomatic negotiations in international conflicts.
目的:本研究旨在分析美国国际外交冲突中的谈判策略。研究方法:本研究采用案头研究法。案头研究设计通常被称为二手数据收集。这基本上是从现有资源中收集数据,因为与实地研究相比,它具有成本低的优势。我们目前的研究调查了已经发表的研究和报告,因为这些数据很容易通过在线期刊和图书馆获取。研究结果关于美国外交冲突中的谈判策略的研究结果强调了强制外交、经济制裁和多边谈判的使用。这些策略涉及双边会谈、国际组织和第三方调解。包括军事力量和经济激励在内的杠杆作用被用来推进美国的利益。利益分歧和权力动态会带来挑战。要想取得成功,就必须采取自信与灵活兼顾的方法。对理论、实践和政策的独特贡献:博弈论、建构主义以及分配性和整合性谈判可用于今后对美国国际外交冲突中谈判策略的研究。为谈判人员提供培训和资源,提高他们的跨文化能力,包括了解文化价值观、沟通方式和谈判规范。投资开发调解和第三方干预机制,以促进国际冲突中的外交谈判。
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引用次数: 0
Role of Mediation in Territorial Disputes in East Asia 调解在东亚领土争端中的作用
Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.47604/jcm.2627
Wei Cheng
Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze the role of mediation in territorial disputes in East Asia. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: In East Asia, mediation plays a pivotal role in addressing territorial disputes by fostering diplomatic dialogue and negotiation. It aims to de-escalate tensions and find mutually acceptable solutions, preventing conflicts from worsening. Despite challenges like historical animosities and power imbalances, mediation remains a crucial tool for managing territorial disputes in the region. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Structural realism, constructivism & regional institutionalist theory may be used to anchor future studies on mediation in territorial disputes in East Asia. Mediation offers a constructive mechanism for de-escalating tensions and facilitating dialogue between disputing parties. Promoting mediation as a preferred method for resolving territorial disputes in East Asia can enhance regional peacebuilding efforts and promote a rules-based international order.
目的:本研究旨在分析调解在东亚领土争端中的作用。研究方法:本研究采用案头研究法。案头研究设计通常被称为二手数据收集。这基本上是从现有资源中收集数据,因为与实地研究相比,它具有成本低的优势。我们目前的研究调查了已经出版的研究和报告,因为这些数据很容易通过在线期刊和图书馆获取。研究结果在东亚,调解在通过促进外交对话和谈判解决领土争端方面发挥着关键作用。其目的是缓和紧张局势,找到双方都能接受的解决方案,防止冲突恶化。尽管存在历史仇恨和权力不平衡等挑战,调解仍是管理该地区领土争端的重要工具。对理论、实践和政策的独特贡献:结构现实主义、建构主义和地区制度主义理论可用于未来对东亚领土争端调解的研究。调解为缓和紧张局势和促进争端各方之间的对话提供了建设性机制。促进调解作为解决东亚领土争端的首选方法,可以加强地区和平建设努力,促进基于规则的国际秩序。
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引用次数: 0
Ethnic Conflict Resolution in Post-Conflict Societies in Bosnia 在波斯尼亚冲突后社会中解决种族冲突
Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.47604/jcm.2626
Ajla Begić
Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze ethnic conflict resolution in post-conflict societies in Bosnia. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: Studies on ethnic conflict resolution in post-conflict Bosnia emphasize intergroup dialogue, economic development, and transitional justice. Contact initiatives foster trust, while economic empowerment reduces tensions. Truth and reconciliation processes acknowledge past wrongs, and diaspora involvement aids peacebuilding. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Identity theory, contact theory & structural violence theory may be used to anchor future studies on ethnic conflict resolution in post-conflict societies in Bosnia. Practitioners should prioritize initiatives that promote interethnic dialogue, reconciliation, and community engagement at the grassroots level. Policymakers must prioritize inclusive governance structures that ensure the meaningful participation of all ethnic groups in decision-making processes.
目的:本研究旨在分析波斯尼亚冲突后社会中种族冲突的解决情况。研究方法:本研究采用案头研究法。案头研究设计通常被称为二手数据收集。这主要是从现有资源中收集数据,因为与实地研究相比,它具有成本低的优势。我们目前的研究调查了已经出版的研究和报告,因为这些数据很容易通过在线期刊和图书馆获取。研究结果:关于冲突后波斯尼亚种族冲突解决的研究强调群体间对话、经济发展和过渡时期司法。接触倡议促进了信任,而经济赋权则缓解了紧张局势。真相与和解进程承认过去的错误,散居国外者的参与有助于和平建设。对理论、实践和政策的独特贡献:认同理论、接触理论和结构性暴力理论可用于今后在波斯尼亚冲突后社会中解决种族冲突的研究。实践者应优先考虑促进族裔间对话、和解以及基层社区参与的举措。政策制定者必须优先考虑包容性的治理结构,确保所有种族群体都能有意义地参与决策过程。
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引用次数: 0
Cross-Border Water Management in Transboundary River conflicts in Palestine 巴勒斯坦跨境河流冲突中的跨境水资源管理
Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.47604/jcm.2624
Leila Farah
Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze cross-border water management in transboundary river conflicts in Palestine. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: Research on cross-border water management in transboundary river conflicts stresses cooperation, trust-building, and integrated approaches for sustainable solutions. Equitable resource allocation, effective communication among riparian states, and international legal frameworks play vital roles in resolving disputes. Adaptive governance mechanisms are crucial for addressing changing hydrological conditions and political dynamics. Collaborative efforts are essential for managing transboundary river conflicts effectively. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Hydro-hegemony theory, institutional collective action (ICA) theory & environmental peacebuilding theory may be used to anchor future studies on cross-border water management in transboundary river conflicts in Palestine. Implementing integrated water resources management (IWRM) approaches that involve stakeholders from all riparian countries can enhance practical efforts to address transboundary river conflicts. Developing robust legal and institutional frameworks at both national and international levels is crucial for resolving transboundary river conflicts and promoting cooperation.
目的:本研究旨在分析巴勒斯坦跨境河流冲突中的跨境水资源管理。研究方法:本研究采用案头研究法。案头研究设计通常被称为二手数据收集。这主要是从现有资源中收集数据,因为与实地研究相比,它具有成本低的优势。我们目前的研究调查了已经出版的研究和报告,因为这些数据很容易通过在线期刊和图书馆获取。研究结果:关于跨境河流冲突中的跨境水资源管理的研究强调合作、建立信任和可持续解决方案的综合方法。公平的资源分配、沿岸国之间的有效沟通以及国际法律框架在解决争端中发挥着至关重要的作用。适应性治理机制对于应对不断变化的水文条件和政治动态至关重要。合作努力对于有效管理跨境河流冲突至关重要。对理论、实践和政策的独特贡献:水文霸权理论、制度性集体行动(ICA)理论和环境和平建设理论可用于未来巴勒斯坦跨境河流冲突中的跨境水资源管理研究。实施水资源综合管理(IWRM)方法,让所有沿岸国家的利益相关者参与进来,可以加强解决跨境河流冲突的实际努力。在国家和国际层面建立健全的法律和体制框架对于解决跨界河流冲突和促进合作至关重 要。
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引用次数: 0
Peacebuilding Efforts in Civil War-Affected Countries in Afghanistan 在阿富汗受内战影响的国家开展建设和平工作
Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.47604/jcm.2623
Ibrahim Ahmadzai
Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze peacebuilding efforts in civil war-affected countries in Afghanistan. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: Peacebuilding in war-torn Afghanistan faces hurdles due to ongoing conflict, ethnic divides, and Taliban resurgence. Governance reforms and reconciliation efforts struggle amidst poverty and corruption. Despite some progress, achieving lasting peace is an uphill battle. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Liberal peacebuilding theory, critical peacebuilding theory & relational peacebuilding theory may be used to anchor future studies on the peacebuilding efforts in civil war-affected countries in Afghanistan. Peacebuilding efforts should prioritize local ownership, inclusivity, and participatory approaches that empower affected communities to take an active role in shaping their own futures. Peacebuilding efforts should be integrated into broader development, security, and governance frameworks to ensure coherence, coordination, and sustainability.
目的:本研究旨在分析阿富汗受内战影响国家的建设和平工作。研究方法:本研究采用案头研究法。案头研究设计通常被称为二手数据收集。这主要是从现有资源中收集数据,因为与实地研究相比,它具有成本低的优势。我们目前的研究调查了已经出版的研究和报告,因为这些数据很容易通过在线期刊和图书馆获取。研究结果:在饱受战争蹂躏的阿富汗,由于冲突不断、种族分裂和塔利班卷土重来,和平建设面临重重障碍。在贫困和腐败的背景下,治理改革与和解努力举步维艰。尽管取得了一些进展,但实现持久和平仍是一场艰苦的战斗。对理论、实践和政策的独特贡献:自由建设和平理论、批判性建设和平理论和关系建设和平理论可用于今后对阿富汗受内战影响国家建设和平努力的研究。建设和平工作应优先考虑地方自主权、包容性和参与式方法,使受影响社区有能力在塑造自身未来方面发挥积极作用。应将建设和平工作纳入更广泛的发展、安全和治理框架,以确保一致性、协调性和可持续性。
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引用次数: 0
The impact of cultural diversity and intercultural competence on conflict management styles in Egypt 文化多样性和跨文化能力对埃及冲突管理方式的影响
Pub Date : 2024-03-02 DOI: 10.47604/jcm.2384
Ali Ahmed Said
Purpose: To aim of the study was to analyze the impact of cultural diversity and intercultural competence on conflict management styles in Egypt. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: Research shows power dynamics and organizational justice significantly impact conflict outcomes and satisfaction. Power imbalances exacerbate conflicts, leading to dissatisfaction. Unequal power distribution can escalate conflicts due to perceived unfairness. Conversely, organizational justice fosters positive outcomes and higher satisfaction levels. Fostering equitable power dynamics and promoting justice mitigate conflict and enhance satisfaction. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Cultural intelligence theory, social identity theory & intercultural communication competence (ICC) theory may be used to anchor future studies on the impact of cultural diversity and intercultural competence on conflict management styles in Egypt. Provide training and development programs focused on enhancing intercultural competence among individuals and organizations. Advocate for the implementation of diversity and inclusion policies that promote cultural sensitivity and intercultural competence in the workplace.
目的:本研究旨在分析文化多样性和跨文化能力对埃及冲突管理方式的影响。研究方法:本研究采用案头研究法。案头研究设计通常被称为二手数据收集。这主要是从现有资源中收集数据,因为与实地研究相比,它具有成本低的优势。我们目前的研究调查了已经出版的研究和报告,因为这些数据很容易通过在线期刊和图书馆获取。研究结果研究表明,权力动态和组织公正对冲突结果和满意度有重大影响。权力失衡会加剧冲突,导致不满。不平等的权力分配会使冲突升级,因为人们认为这是不公平的。相反,组织公正则会促进积极的结果和更高的满意度。培养公平的权力动态,促进公正,可以缓解冲突,提高满意度。对理论、实践和政策的独特贡献:文化智能理论、社会认同理论和跨文化交际能力(ICC)理论可用于今后关于文化多样性和跨文化能力对埃及冲突管理方式的影响的研究。提供培训和发展计划,重点提高个人和组织的跨文化能力。倡导实施多样性和包容性政策,提高工作场所的文化敏感性和跨文化能力。
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引用次数: 0
Role of Emotional Intelligence in Conflict Resolution and Prevention in Colombia 情商在哥伦比亚解决和预防冲突中的作用
Pub Date : 2024-03-02 DOI: 10.47604/jcm.2381
Natalia Santiago
Purpose: To aim of the study was to analyze role of emotional intelligence in conflict resolution and prevention in Colombia. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: Research shows power dynamics and organizational justice significantly impact conflict outcomes and satisfaction. Power imbalances exacerbate conflicts, leading to dissatisfaction. Unequal power distribution can escalate conflicts due to perceived unfairness. Conversely, organizational justice fosters positive outcomes and higher satisfaction levels. Fostering equitable power dynamics and promoting justice mitigate conflict and enhance satisfaction. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Social cognitive theory, emotional labor theory & affective events theory may be used to anchor future studies on the role of emotional intelligence in conflict resolution and prevention in Colombia. Organizations should implement targeted emotional intelligence training programs aimed at enhancing employees' conflict resolution skills. Policy-makers should advocate for the inclusion of emotional intelligence competencies in leadership development programs and training initiatives.
目的:本研究旨在分析情商在哥伦比亚解决和预防冲突中的作用。研究方法:本研究采用案头研究法。案头研究设计通常被称为二手数据收集。这主要是从现有资源中收集数据,因为与实地研究相比,它具有成本低的优势。我们目前的研究调查了已经发表的研究和报告,因为这些数据很容易通过在线期刊和图书馆获取。研究结果研究表明,权力动态和组织公正对冲突结果和满意度有重大影响。权力失衡会加剧冲突,导致不满。不平等的权力分配会使冲突升级,因为人们认为这是不公平的。相反,组织公正则会促进积极的结果和更高的满意度。培养公平的权力动态,促进公正,可以缓解冲突,提高满意度。对理论、实践和政策的独特贡献:社会认知理论、情感劳动理论和情感事件理论可用于哥伦比亚未来关于情商在解决和预防冲突中的作用的研究。各组织应实施有针对性的情商培训计划,以提高员工解决冲突的技能。政策制定者应倡导将情商能力纳入领导力发展项目和培训计划。
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引用次数: 0
Best Practices and Challenges of Conflict Management Education and Training in Cameroon 喀麦隆冲突管理教育和培训的最佳做法和挑战
Pub Date : 2024-03-02 DOI: 10.47604/jcm.2382
Lucas Liam
Purpose: To aim of the study was to analyze best practices and challenges of conflict management education and training in Cameroon Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: Best practices in conflict management education involve fostering communication skills, empathy, and active listening, alongside promoting collaborative problem-solving and cultural sensitivity. Challenges include overcoming resistance to change, addressing power imbalances, sustaining engagement, and adapting to diverse learning styles and contexts. Successful training requires integrating theory with practical skills and ongoing support. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Social learning theory, cognitive dissonance theory & adult learning theory (andragogy) may be used to anchor future studies on best practices and challenges of conflict management education and training in Cameroon. Practice encompasses the application of knowledge, skills, and techniques derived from theory to real-world situations or contexts. Policy refers to a set of guidelines, rules, or directives established by an organization, institution, or governing body to govern behavior, decision-making, and practices within a specific context.
目的:本研究旨在分析喀麦隆冲突管理教育和培训方面的最佳做法和挑战:本研究采用案头研究法。案头研究设计通常被称为二手数据收集。这主要是从现有资源中收集数据,因为与实地研究相比,它具有成本低的优势。我们目前的研究调查了已经出版的研究和报告,因为这些数据很容易通过在线期刊和图书馆获取。研究结果冲突管理教育的最佳实践包括培养沟通技能、同理心和积极倾听,同时促进合作解决问题和提高文化敏感性。面临的挑战包括克服变革阻力、解决权力失衡问题、保持参与度以及适应不同的学习风格和环境。成功的培训需要将理论与实践技能和持续支持相结合。对理论、实践和政策的独特贡献:社会学习理论、认知失调理论和成人学习理论(andragogy)可用于今后对喀麦隆冲突管理教育和培训的最佳实践和挑战的研究。实践包括将从理论中获得的知识、技能和技巧应用到现实世界的情况或环境中。政策是指由组织、机构或管理机构制定的一套准则、规则或指令,用于规范特定环境下的行为、决策和做法。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of Power Dynamics and Organizational Justice on Conflict Outcomes and Satisfaction in India 印度权力动态和组织公正对冲突结果和满意度的影响
Pub Date : 2024-03-02 DOI: 10.47604/jcm.2385
John William
Purpose: To aim of the study was to analyze influence of power dynamics and organizational justice on conflict outcomes and satisfaction Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: Research shows power dynamics and organizational justice significantly impact conflict outcomes and satisfaction. Power imbalances exacerbate conflicts, leading to dissatisfaction. Unequal power distribution can escalate conflicts due to perceived unfairness. Conversely, organizational justice fosters positive outcomes and higher satisfaction levels. Fostering equitable power dynamics and promoting justice mitigate conflict and enhance satisfaction. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Social exchange theory, Equity theory & Organizational justice theory may be used to anchor future studies on influence of power dynamics and organizational justice on conflict outcomes and satisfaction. Organizations should prioritize efforts to promote transparent decision-making processes and equitable power distribution to mitigate conflicts and enhance employee satisfaction. Policymakers should advocate for legislation and regulations that promote fairness and equality in organizational practices, including policies related to anti-discrimination, diversity, and inclusion.
目的:本研究旨在分析权力动态和组织公正对冲突结果和满意度的影响:本研究采用案头研究法。案头研究设计通常被称为二手数据收集。这主要是从现有资源中收集数据,因为与实地研究相比,它具有成本低的优势。我们目前的研究调查了已经发表的研究和报告,因为这些数据很容易通过在线期刊和图书馆获取。研究结果研究表明,权力动态和组织公正对冲突结果和满意度有重大影响。权力失衡会加剧冲突,导致不满。不平等的权力分配会使冲突升级,因为人们认为这是不公平的。相反,组织公正则会促进积极的结果和更高的满意度。培养公平的权力动态,促进公正,可以缓解冲突,提高满意度。对理论、实践和政策的独特贡献:社会交换理论、公平理论和组织公正理论可用于未来关于权力动态和组织公正对冲突结果和满意度的影响的研究。组织应优先考虑促进透明的决策过程和公平的权力分配,以缓解冲突并提高员工满意度。政策制定者应倡导在组织实践中促进公平和平等的立法和法规,包括与反歧视、多样性和包容性相关的政策。
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引用次数: 0
Effectiveness of Mediation and Arbitration as Alternative Dispute Resolution Methods in Mexico 墨西哥将调解和仲裁作为替代性争议解决方法的有效性
Pub Date : 2024-03-02 DOI: 10.47604/jcm.2383
Juan Pablo
Purpose: To aim of the study was to analyze effectiveness of mediation and arbitration as alternative dispute resolution methods Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: Mediation and arbitration offer efficient, cost-effective alternatives to litigation. Mediation involves facilitated negotiation sessions with a neutral mediator, fostering open communication and tailored solutions. Arbitration entails submitting disputes to a neutral arbitrator for a binding decision. Both methods ensure confidentiality, expertise, and enforceability, making them highly effective in resolving disputes outside of court. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Theory of social exchange, justice theory & game theory may be used to anchor future studies on effectiveness of mediation and arbitration as alternative dispute resolution methods. Practitioners in the field of alternative dispute resolution should prioritize enhancing their skills and competencies to effectively facilitate mediation and arbitration processes. Policymakers should prioritize the promotion of mediation and arbitration as viable alternatives to traditional litigation within legal frameworks and regulatory environments.
目的:本研究旨在分析调解和仲裁作为替代性争议解决方法的有效性:本研究采用案头研究法。案头研究设计通常被称为二手数据收集。这主要是从现有资源中收集数据,因为与实地研究相比,它具有成本低的优势。我们目前的研究调查了已经出版的研究和报告,因为这些数据可以通过在线期刊和图书馆轻松获取。研究结果调解和仲裁提供了高效、低成本的诉讼替代方案。调解包括由中立调解员主持的谈判会议,促进开放式沟通和量身定制的解决方案。仲裁则是将争议提交给中立的仲裁员,由其做出具有约束力的裁决。这两种方法都能确保保密性、专业性和可执行性,因此在庭外解决争议方面非常有效。对理论、实践和政策的独特贡献:社会交换理论、正义理论和博弈论可用于今后对调解和仲裁作为替代性争议解决方法的有效性进行研究。非诉讼纠纷解决领域的从业人员应优先考虑提高其技能和能力,以有效促进调解和仲裁进程。政策制定者应将促进调解和仲裁作为法律框架和监管环境中传统诉讼的可行替代方法作为优先事项。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Conflict Management
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