Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.33889/ijmems.2024.9.3.032
Shilpkala T. Mane, R. Lodhi
This research addresses the numerical solution of singularly perturbed convection-diffusion kind boundary value problem of second-order with a discontinuity term. Due to the perturbation parameter and discontinuity term, the problem solution has a boundary layer and an interior layer. A nonpolynomial cubic spline method is utilized to solve the boundary value problem. A specific set of parameters associated with nonpolynomial spline is used to tailor the method. A comprehensive analysis of the stability and convergence of the recommended method is presented which gives second-order convergence results. The suggested method is implemented on two examples, and the obtained results are contrasted with an existing method, highlighting the precision and efficacy of the proposed method, which would enhance the method's novelty.
{"title":"Nonpolynomial Spline for Numerical Solution of Singularly Perturbed Convection-Diffusion Equations with Discontinuous Source Term","authors":"Shilpkala T. Mane, R. Lodhi","doi":"10.33889/ijmems.2024.9.3.032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33889/ijmems.2024.9.3.032","url":null,"abstract":"This research addresses the numerical solution of singularly perturbed convection-diffusion kind boundary value problem of second-order with a discontinuity term. Due to the perturbation parameter and discontinuity term, the problem solution has a boundary layer and an interior layer. A nonpolynomial cubic spline method is utilized to solve the boundary value problem. A specific set of parameters associated with nonpolynomial spline is used to tailor the method. A comprehensive analysis of the stability and convergence of the recommended method is presented which gives second-order convergence results. The suggested method is implemented on two examples, and the obtained results are contrasted with an existing method, highlighting the precision and efficacy of the proposed method, which would enhance the method's novelty.","PeriodicalId":517298,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mathematical, Engineering and Management Sciences","volume":"56 43","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141232094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.33889/ijmems.2024.9.3.030
S. Chaube, Sangeeta Pant, Anuj Kumar, Shaurya Uniyal, M. K. Singh, K. Kotecha, Akshay Kumar
The integration of multiple technical, economic, environmental, and social criteria establishes Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) as a dependable decision-making tool in the context of interdisciplinary research. This study employs a literature-based methodology to illustrate how MCDA, particularly utilizing the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and TOPSIS models, has been utilized to tackle intricate decision-making issues. It also highlights the noteworthy discoveries derived from real-world applications, drawing upon previous research and case studies. This study explores the methodologies employed in the commonly utilized AHP and TOPSIS approaches, highlighting their broad applicability across various industries from 2000 to 2023. Additionally, a comprehensive examination of the applications of MCDA has been organized into five distinct sectors, namely supply chain, healthcare, business, resource management, and engineering & manufacturing.
{"title":"An Overview of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis and the Applications of AHP and TOPSIS Methods","authors":"S. Chaube, Sangeeta Pant, Anuj Kumar, Shaurya Uniyal, M. K. Singh, K. Kotecha, Akshay Kumar","doi":"10.33889/ijmems.2024.9.3.030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33889/ijmems.2024.9.3.030","url":null,"abstract":"The integration of multiple technical, economic, environmental, and social criteria establishes Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) as a dependable decision-making tool in the context of interdisciplinary research. This study employs a literature-based methodology to illustrate how MCDA, particularly utilizing the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and TOPSIS models, has been utilized to tackle intricate decision-making issues. It also highlights the noteworthy discoveries derived from real-world applications, drawing upon previous research and case studies. This study explores the methodologies employed in the commonly utilized AHP and TOPSIS approaches, highlighting their broad applicability across various industries from 2000 to 2023. Additionally, a comprehensive examination of the applications of MCDA has been organized into five distinct sectors, namely supply chain, healthcare, business, resource management, and engineering & manufacturing.","PeriodicalId":517298,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mathematical, Engineering and Management Sciences","volume":"3 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141230653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.33889/ijmems.2024.9.3.031
Hongyan Dui, Kailong Zhang, Wanyun Xia
Based on the unmanned ship swarm system, a resilience model for unmanned ship swarms is proposed by comprehensively considering the preventive indicators, robustness indicators, recoverability indicators, and reconfigurability indicators of the swarm system. Firstly, preventive and robust indicators are proposed based on the characteristics of the unmanned ship swarm system, and the improvement of system performance efficiency by redundant unmanned ships is established as a recoverability indicator. Then, reconfigurable indicators are proposed based on importance, and the resilience indicator of the unmanned ship swarm is determined. Finally, a numerical example is used to model and simulate the performance change and capricious process of the unmanned ship swarm. Most of the research on the resilience assessment model of unmanned ship swarms considered too single indicators. The model of the unmanned ship swarm under attack is constructed, and the superiority of the resilience optimization strategy proposed in this paper is verified.
{"title":"Importance-based Resilience Assessment and Optimization of Unmanned Ship Swarm System","authors":"Hongyan Dui, Kailong Zhang, Wanyun Xia","doi":"10.33889/ijmems.2024.9.3.031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33889/ijmems.2024.9.3.031","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the unmanned ship swarm system, a resilience model for unmanned ship swarms is proposed by comprehensively considering the preventive indicators, robustness indicators, recoverability indicators, and reconfigurability indicators of the swarm system. Firstly, preventive and robust indicators are proposed based on the characteristics of the unmanned ship swarm system, and the improvement of system performance efficiency by redundant unmanned ships is established as a recoverability indicator. Then, reconfigurable indicators are proposed based on importance, and the resilience indicator of the unmanned ship swarm is determined. Finally, a numerical example is used to model and simulate the performance change and capricious process of the unmanned ship swarm. Most of the research on the resilience assessment model of unmanned ship swarms considered too single indicators. The model of the unmanned ship swarm under attack is constructed, and the superiority of the resilience optimization strategy proposed in this paper is verified.","PeriodicalId":517298,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mathematical, Engineering and Management Sciences","volume":"6 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141229526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.33889/ijmems.2024.9.3.027
Anil Dhanda, Mandeep Mittal, S. Chawla, Jagdish Prasad
Carbon emissions can be decreased by adopting the carbon cap-and-alternate policy. The current study suggests a carbon buying and selling mechanism for things that are deteriorating or of poor quality while taking into account chilled logistics services in a fresh food supply chain. In addition to deliveries of perishables, suppliers also provide retailers with chilled logistics services and carbon emission certificates for excess inventory. The retail price, the cost of chilled strategies, and the contributions to various carbon trading options—such as internal carbon trade, external carbon exchange, and carbon exchange both internally and externally for the destruction of low-quality goods have all been evaluated in this paper. The store network members give estimating systems to new food, emanation permits and refrigerated planned operations administrations. We likewise uncover the connection between carbon purchasing and advancing and refrigerated strategies administrations and test out their joint effect on the provider retailer's helpful dating. Store network donors are also encouraged to participate in the carbon exchanging mechanism, which benefits from more sophisticated asset utilisation and more ruthless stockpile chains. The numerical examples have helped to validate the results. In the end, a thorough sensitivity analysis has been provided.
{"title":"Impact of Carbon Emission Policy on Fresh Food Supply Chain Model for Deteriorating Imperfect Quality Items","authors":"Anil Dhanda, Mandeep Mittal, S. Chawla, Jagdish Prasad","doi":"10.33889/ijmems.2024.9.3.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33889/ijmems.2024.9.3.027","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon emissions can be decreased by adopting the carbon cap-and-alternate policy. The current study suggests a carbon buying and selling mechanism for things that are deteriorating or of poor quality while taking into account chilled logistics services in a fresh food supply chain. In addition to deliveries of perishables, suppliers also provide retailers with chilled logistics services and carbon emission certificates for excess inventory. The retail price, the cost of chilled strategies, and the contributions to various carbon trading options—such as internal carbon trade, external carbon exchange, and carbon exchange both internally and externally for the destruction of low-quality goods have all been evaluated in this paper. The store network members give estimating systems to new food, emanation permits and refrigerated planned operations administrations. We likewise uncover the connection between carbon purchasing and advancing and refrigerated strategies administrations and test out their joint effect on the provider retailer's helpful dating. Store network donors are also encouraged to participate in the carbon exchanging mechanism, which benefits from more sophisticated asset utilisation and more ruthless stockpile chains. The numerical examples have helped to validate the results. In the end, a thorough sensitivity analysis has been provided.","PeriodicalId":517298,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mathematical, Engineering and Management Sciences","volume":"74 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141234345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.33889/ijmems.2024.9.3.021
Jingchi Wu, Cunhua Qian, Tadashi Dohi
This paper considers two classical age-based replacement models within a discrete-time framework: a standard age replacement model and an opportunistic age replacement model. Specifically, our analysis incorporates the concept of replacement priority in situations where failure replacement and preventive replacement occur at a given age or opportunity. We explore two priority cases within each replacement model. First, we formulate optimal preventive replacement policies aimed at minimizing the associated expected cost rate in the age replacement model and the opportunistic age replacement model by the familiar renewal reward argument. Next, we extend the findings presented earlier to scenarios involving discounting. We develop formulations for the expected total discounted costs over an infinite time horizon and obtain optimal preventive replacement policies minimizing these total expected costs. Additionally, we explore unified models incorporating probabilistic priority. To provide practical insights, we present numerical illustrations using real failure data from pole air switches, comparing the performance of these optimal preventive policies.
{"title":"Two Discrete-time Age-based Replacement Problems with/without Discounting","authors":"Jingchi Wu, Cunhua Qian, Tadashi Dohi","doi":"10.33889/ijmems.2024.9.3.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33889/ijmems.2024.9.3.021","url":null,"abstract":"This paper considers two classical age-based replacement models within a discrete-time framework: a standard age replacement model and an opportunistic age replacement model. Specifically, our analysis incorporates the concept of replacement priority in situations where failure replacement and preventive replacement occur at a given age or opportunity. We explore two priority cases within each replacement model. First, we formulate optimal preventive replacement policies aimed at minimizing the associated expected cost rate in the age replacement model and the opportunistic age replacement model by the familiar renewal reward argument. Next, we extend the findings presented earlier to scenarios involving discounting. We develop formulations for the expected total discounted costs over an infinite time horizon and obtain optimal preventive replacement policies minimizing these total expected costs. Additionally, we explore unified models incorporating probabilistic priority. To provide practical insights, we present numerical illustrations using real failure data from pole air switches, comparing the performance of these optimal preventive policies.","PeriodicalId":517298,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mathematical, Engineering and Management Sciences","volume":"84 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141231206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.33889/ijmems.2024.9.3.026
Nibedita Swain, Papia Ray, Majed A. Alotaibi, Hasmat Malik, Fausto Pedro García Márquez, Asyraf Afthanorhan
This article introduces the design procedure of a 1-phase full-bridge inverter for grid-connected applications. The main idea of modelling a full-bridge inverter is that it plays a vital role in solar energy systems. The dynamic equations are formed with the state-space averaging (SSA) technique. A Small-signal averaged model of a full-bridge inverter is constructed by assuming grid current and capacitor voltage as the two states. The voltage and current controller scheme are based on the frequency domain approach. The voltage controller is designed to maintain fixed voltage, and the current controller is used for controlling grid current. The LCL filter is connected to the inverter to provide better harmonic elimination and filter size minimization. This filter is formed by parallel-series combination of inductance and capacitance to improve the overall system performance. Here, a passive damping method is incorporated to make a balanced steady system. Finally, a proportional integral and proportional resonant (PI-PR) controller is introduced to provide better stability and tracking. The detailed analysis of PR controller is explored and demonstrated by MATLAB simulation.
{"title":"A Novel Approach for Implementing and Optimizing Proportional-Resonant Controller and L-C-L Filter for Single-Phase Grid-tie Inverter","authors":"Nibedita Swain, Papia Ray, Majed A. Alotaibi, Hasmat Malik, Fausto Pedro García Márquez, Asyraf Afthanorhan","doi":"10.33889/ijmems.2024.9.3.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33889/ijmems.2024.9.3.026","url":null,"abstract":"This article introduces the design procedure of a 1-phase full-bridge inverter for grid-connected applications. The main idea of modelling a full-bridge inverter is that it plays a vital role in solar energy systems. The dynamic equations are formed with the state-space averaging (SSA) technique. A Small-signal averaged model of a full-bridge inverter is constructed by assuming grid current and capacitor voltage as the two states. The voltage and current controller scheme are based on the frequency domain approach. The voltage controller is designed to maintain fixed voltage, and the current controller is used for controlling grid current. The LCL filter is connected to the inverter to provide better harmonic elimination and filter size minimization. This filter is formed by parallel-series combination of inductance and capacitance to improve the overall system performance. Here, a passive damping method is incorporated to make a balanced steady system. Finally, a proportional integral and proportional resonant (PI-PR) controller is introduced to provide better stability and tracking. The detailed analysis of PR controller is explored and demonstrated by MATLAB simulation.","PeriodicalId":517298,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mathematical, Engineering and Management Sciences","volume":"36 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141233167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.33889/ijmems.2024.9.3.028
Anik Anekawati, Purhadi, Mohammad Rofik, Syaifurrahman Hidayat
Spatial regression, particularly the Spatial Error Model (SERM), was utilized in prior studies to analyze Human Development Index (HDI) modeling. However, the studies were unable to determine which dimension among the three defined by the UN and BPS had the significant impact on HDI, as they constructed models based on the indicators used for the interpretation of the dimensions. Therefore, a comprehensive analysis combining spatial regression and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), known as spatial SEM, was deemed necessary. This is the reason the current study aimed to develop SERM-SEM modeling holistically. The model parameters were estimated using the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). To assess spatial dependency, the Lagrange Multiplier (LM) method was employed, with a distinct model error distribution compared to the error distribution of the traditional spatial model. The result of the LM test development showed that, under the null hypothesis, the LM test statistics followed a distribution. The results of the SERM-SEM model development were applied to HDI modeling using data in 2022 with three latent variables, namely a Long and Healthy Life (LHL), Knowledge (Know_L), and a Decent Standard of Living (DLS) (based on UN standards). The assessment of the outer model in SEM was based on the loading factor values that exceed 0.5 and their significance. This evaluation aimed to identify indicators that effectively explained or measured latent variables, so it got the revised model in SEM. These indicators are LHL2 and LHL 4 to form LHL. DLS1 and DLS3 are indicators to make up DLS, and for Know_L, they are K2 and K3. The revised SEM model was analyzed using spatial. The results of the spatial dependency test showed that the HDI model significantly led to the SERM-SEM model. Knowledge and a decent standard of living variables significantly influence HDI.
{"title":"A Spatial Error Model in Structural Equation for the Human Development Index Modeling","authors":"Anik Anekawati, Purhadi, Mohammad Rofik, Syaifurrahman Hidayat","doi":"10.33889/ijmems.2024.9.3.028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33889/ijmems.2024.9.3.028","url":null,"abstract":"Spatial regression, particularly the Spatial Error Model (SERM), was utilized in prior studies to analyze Human Development Index (HDI) modeling. However, the studies were unable to determine which dimension among the three defined by the UN and BPS had the significant impact on HDI, as they constructed models based on the indicators used for the interpretation of the dimensions. Therefore, a comprehensive analysis combining spatial regression and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), known as spatial SEM, was deemed necessary. This is the reason the current study aimed to develop SERM-SEM modeling holistically. The model parameters were estimated using the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). To assess spatial dependency, the Lagrange Multiplier (LM) method was employed, with a distinct model error distribution compared to the error distribution of the traditional spatial model. The result of the LM test development showed that, under the null hypothesis, the LM test statistics followed a distribution. The results of the SERM-SEM model development were applied to HDI modeling using data in 2022 with three latent variables, namely a Long and Healthy Life (LHL), Knowledge (Know_L), and a Decent Standard of Living (DLS) (based on UN standards). The assessment of the outer model in SEM was based on the loading factor values that exceed 0.5 and their significance. This evaluation aimed to identify indicators that effectively explained or measured latent variables, so it got the revised model in SEM. These indicators are LHL2 and LHL 4 to form LHL. DLS1 and DLS3 are indicators to make up DLS, and for Know_L, they are K2 and K3. The revised SEM model was analyzed using spatial. The results of the spatial dependency test showed that the HDI model significantly led to the SERM-SEM model. Knowledge and a decent standard of living variables significantly influence HDI.","PeriodicalId":517298,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mathematical, Engineering and Management Sciences","volume":"78 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141231128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.33889/ijmems.2024.9.3.025
Stuti Tandon, Vijay Kumar, V. B. Singh
Code Smells have been detected, predicted and studied by researchers from several perspectives. This literature review is conducted to understand tools and algorithms used to detect and analyze code smells to summarize research agenda. 114 studies have been selected from 2009 to 2022 to conduct this review. The studies are deeply analyzed under the categorization of machine learning and non-machine learning, which are found to be 25 and 89 respectively. The studies are analyzed to gain insight into algorithms, tools and limitations of the techniques. Long Method, Feature Envy, and Duplicate Code are reported to be the most popular smells. 38% of the studies focused their research on the enhancement of tools and methods. Random Forest and JRip algorithms are found to give the best results under machine learning techniques. We extended the previous studies on code smell detection tools, reporting a total 87 tools during the review. Java is found to be the dominant programming language during the study of smells.
{"title":"Study of Code Smells: A Review and Research Agenda","authors":"Stuti Tandon, Vijay Kumar, V. B. Singh","doi":"10.33889/ijmems.2024.9.3.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33889/ijmems.2024.9.3.025","url":null,"abstract":"Code Smells have been detected, predicted and studied by researchers from several perspectives. This literature review is conducted to understand tools and algorithms used to detect and analyze code smells to summarize research agenda. 114 studies have been selected from 2009 to 2022 to conduct this review. The studies are deeply analyzed under the categorization of machine learning and non-machine learning, which are found to be 25 and 89 respectively. The studies are analyzed to gain insight into algorithms, tools and limitations of the techniques. Long Method, Feature Envy, and Duplicate Code are reported to be the most popular smells. 38% of the studies focused their research on the enhancement of tools and methods. Random Forest and JRip algorithms are found to give the best results under machine learning techniques. We extended the previous studies on code smell detection tools, reporting a total 87 tools during the review. Java is found to be the dominant programming language during the study of smells.","PeriodicalId":517298,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mathematical, Engineering and Management Sciences","volume":"49 37","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141232343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.33889/ijmems.2024.9.3.034
Deepak, Garima Chopra, Deeksha
This study presents a methodology aimed at enhancing the performance of coherent systems through the application of survival signature analysis, focusing on the calculation of reliability equivalence factors (REFs). In the context of system improvement, the selection of reliability improvement strategies, such as reduction and duplication, depends on various factors like space limitations, costs, and other constraints. The importance of REF lies in their ability to quantify the extent of reliability improvement, providing a clear metric for decision-makers to assess the cost-effectiveness of various enhancement strategies. The analysis focuses on two distinct types of REFs, namely, mean reliability equivalence factors (MREFs) and survival reliability equivalence factors (SREFs), targeted at reliability enhancement via strategies including component failure rate reduction and the implementation of warm standby duplication. Both perfect and imperfect switching scenarios in warm duplication are examined, with survival signature analysis applied to determine the system's survival function and mean time to failure (MTTF). The methodology's effectiveness is illustrated through a case study of a six-unit bridge system, where the components are modeled using exponential and Weibull distributions. REFs are evaluated for sequential upgrades in either individual components or entire component types. The study also conducts a comparative analysis between the reliability and MTTF of the original and improved systems across different improvement techniques.
{"title":"Reliability Equivalence Factors for Coherent System using Survival Signature","authors":"Deepak, Garima Chopra, Deeksha","doi":"10.33889/ijmems.2024.9.3.034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33889/ijmems.2024.9.3.034","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents a methodology aimed at enhancing the performance of coherent systems through the application of survival signature analysis, focusing on the calculation of reliability equivalence factors (REFs). In the context of system improvement, the selection of reliability improvement strategies, such as reduction and duplication, depends on various factors like space limitations, costs, and other constraints. The importance of REF lies in their ability to quantify the extent of reliability improvement, providing a clear metric for decision-makers to assess the cost-effectiveness of various enhancement strategies. The analysis focuses on two distinct types of REFs, namely, mean reliability equivalence factors (MREFs) and survival reliability equivalence factors (SREFs), targeted at reliability enhancement via strategies including component failure rate reduction and the implementation of warm standby duplication. Both perfect and imperfect switching scenarios in warm duplication are examined, with survival signature analysis applied to determine the system's survival function and mean time to failure (MTTF). The methodology's effectiveness is illustrated through a case study of a six-unit bridge system, where the components are modeled using exponential and Weibull distributions. REFs are evaluated for sequential upgrades in either individual components or entire component types. The study also conducts a comparative analysis between the reliability and MTTF of the original and improved systems across different improvement techniques.","PeriodicalId":517298,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mathematical, Engineering and Management Sciences","volume":"20 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141229606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.33889/ijmems.2024.9.3.035
Shilpa Malge, R. Lodhi
This paper introduces a novel computational approach utilizing the quartic B-spline method on a uniform mesh for the numerical solution of non-linear singularly perturbed delay differential equations (NSP-DDE) of second-order with a small negative shift. These types of equations are encountered in various scientific and engineering disciplines, including biology, physics, and control theory. We are using quartic B-spline methods to solve NSP-DDE without linearizing the equation. Thus, the set of equations generated by the quartic B-spline technique is non-linear and the obtained equations are solved by Newton-Raphson method. The success of the approach is assessed by applying it to a numerical example for different values of perturbation and delay parameter parameters, the maximum absolute error (MAE) is obtained via the double mesh principle. The convergence rate of the proposed method is four. Obtained numerical results are compared with existing numerical techniques in literature and observe that the proposed method is superior with other numerical techniques. The quartic B-spline method provides the numerical solution at any point of the given interval. It is easy to implement on a computer and more efficient for handling second-order NSP-DDE.
本文介绍了一种新颖的计算方法，即利用均匀网格上的四元 B-样条法数值求解具有小负位移的二阶非线性奇异扰动延迟微分方程（NSP-DDE）。这类方程在生物学、物理学和控制理论等多个科学和工程学科中都会遇到。我们使用四元 B 样条法求解 NSP-DDE 时，不对方程进行线性化处理。因此，四次 B 样条技术生成的方程组是非线性的，所得到的方程用牛顿-拉夫逊法求解。通过将该方法应用于不同扰动值和延迟参数值的数值示例，评估了该方法的成功性，并通过双网格原理获得了最大绝对误差（MAE）。建议方法的收敛速率为 4。获得的数值结果与文献中现有的数值技术进行了比较，发现所提出的方法优于其他数值技术。四元 B-样条曲线法提供了给定区间内任意点的数值解。该方法易于在计算机上实现，并且在处理二阶 NSP-DDE 时更为高效。
{"title":"Quartic B-Spline Method for Non-Linear Second Order Singularly Perturbed Delay Differential Equations","authors":"Shilpa Malge, R. Lodhi","doi":"10.33889/ijmems.2024.9.3.035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33889/ijmems.2024.9.3.035","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces a novel computational approach utilizing the quartic B-spline method on a uniform mesh for the numerical solution of non-linear singularly perturbed delay differential equations (NSP-DDE) of second-order with a small negative shift. These types of equations are encountered in various scientific and engineering disciplines, including biology, physics, and control theory. We are using quartic B-spline methods to solve NSP-DDE without linearizing the equation. Thus, the set of equations generated by the quartic B-spline technique is non-linear and the obtained equations are solved by Newton-Raphson method. The success of the approach is assessed by applying it to a numerical example for different values of perturbation and delay parameter parameters, the maximum absolute error (MAE) is obtained via the double mesh principle. The convergence rate of the proposed method is four. Obtained numerical results are compared with existing numerical techniques in literature and observe that the proposed method is superior with other numerical techniques. The quartic B-spline method provides the numerical solution at any point of the given interval. It is easy to implement on a computer and more efficient for handling second-order NSP-DDE.","PeriodicalId":517298,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mathematical, Engineering and Management Sciences","volume":"49 51","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141232222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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