Pub Date : 2023-07-27DOI: 10.1080/17487870.2023.2238107
Hüseyin Şen, Ayşe Kaya
ABSTRACT Do revenue-neutral tax swaps boost growth? To answer this question, we use a panel data set of nine OECD countries for the period 1981-2017 and arrive at the following main results under revenue-neutral conditions: First, the most growth-damaging tax is the corporate income tax, followed by the personal income tax. Second, a shift from income taxes to consumption taxes is associated with higher growth, while a shift from social security contributions and property taxes to payroll & workforce taxes has significant negative effects on growth. Overall, our results confirm the view that revenue-neutral tax reforms focusing on a shift from income taxation to consumption and property taxation would promote growth.
{"title":"Do revenue-neutral tax swaps boost growth?","authors":"Hüseyin Şen, Ayşe Kaya","doi":"10.1080/17487870.2023.2238107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17487870.2023.2238107","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Do revenue-neutral tax swaps boost growth? To answer this question, we use a panel data set of nine OECD countries for the period 1981-2017 and arrive at the following main results under revenue-neutral conditions: First, the most growth-damaging tax is the corporate income tax, followed by the personal income tax. Second, a shift from income taxes to consumption taxes is associated with higher growth, while a shift from social security contributions and property taxes to payroll & workforce taxes has significant negative effects on growth. Overall, our results confirm the view that revenue-neutral tax reforms focusing on a shift from income taxation to consumption and property taxation would promote growth.","PeriodicalId":51737,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Policy Reform","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44056594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-23DOI: 10.1080/17487870.2023.2238105
Juan-Francisco Albert, Nerea Gómez-Fernández
This paper assesses the impact of uncertainty on income and wealth inequality in Germany, France, Italy and Spain. For that purpose, mixed-frequency SVAR models are used. The results show that unce...
{"title":"The effects of uncertainty shocks on income and wealth inequality","authors":"Juan-Francisco Albert, Nerea Gómez-Fernández","doi":"10.1080/17487870.2023.2238105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17487870.2023.2238105","url":null,"abstract":"This paper assesses the impact of uncertainty on income and wealth inequality in Germany, France, Italy and Spain. For that purpose, mixed-frequency SVAR models are used. The results show that unce...","PeriodicalId":51737,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Policy Reform","volume":"13 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138504103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-21DOI: 10.1080/17487870.2023.2238109
Joaquim Vergés-Jaime
ABSTRACT This paper presents an inquiry into the observed results when governments have implemented one or other type of (opposed) economic policy prescribed in economics to reverse the consequences of a global economic crisis –like that unleashed in 2008–. An updated assessment of the evidence in this respect is developed, through a review of available empirical studies and analysis of the outcomes -in terms of recovery of economic activity- of having applied one and the other ‘competing’ economic policies. The approach focuses on the causal relationships involved, mainly between variations in public spending/fiscal deficit and changes in economic activity’s indicators.
{"title":"Fiscal austerity vs. expansionary fiscal policy: on the results of these opposed economic policies applied to fight recessions","authors":"Joaquim Vergés-Jaime","doi":"10.1080/17487870.2023.2238109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17487870.2023.2238109","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper presents an inquiry into the observed results when governments have implemented one or other type of (opposed) economic policy prescribed in economics to reverse the consequences of a global economic crisis –like that unleashed in 2008–. An updated assessment of the evidence in this respect is developed, through a review of available empirical studies and analysis of the outcomes -in terms of recovery of economic activity- of having applied one and the other ‘competing’ economic policies. The approach focuses on the causal relationships involved, mainly between variations in public spending/fiscal deficit and changes in economic activity’s indicators.","PeriodicalId":51737,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Policy Reform","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48984814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/17487870.2023.2238867
Araz Taeihagh
ABSTRACT This special issue examines the policy challenges and government responses to disruptive technologies. It explores the risks, benefits, and trade-offs of deploying disruptive technologies, and examines the efficacy of traditional governance approaches and the need for new regulatory and governance frameworks. Key themes include the need for government stewardship, taking adaptive and proactive approaches, developing comprehensive policies accounting for technical, social, economic, and political dimensions, conducting interdisciplinary research, and addressing data management and privacy challenges. The findings enhance understanding of how governments can navigate the complexities of disruptive technologies and develop policies to maximize benefits and mitigate risks.
{"title":"Addressing Policy Challenges of Disruptive Technologies","authors":"Araz Taeihagh","doi":"10.1080/17487870.2023.2238867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17487870.2023.2238867","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This special issue examines the policy challenges and government responses to disruptive technologies. It explores the risks, benefits, and trade-offs of deploying disruptive technologies, and examines the efficacy of traditional governance approaches and the need for new regulatory and governance frameworks. Key themes include the need for government stewardship, taking adaptive and proactive approaches, developing comprehensive policies accounting for technical, social, economic, and political dimensions, conducting interdisciplinary research, and addressing data management and privacy challenges. The findings enhance understanding of how governments can navigate the complexities of disruptive technologies and develop policies to maximize benefits and mitigate risks.","PeriodicalId":51737,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Policy Reform","volume":"26 1","pages":"239 - 249"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44617980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-07DOI: 10.1080/17487870.2023.2220862
Jonathan E. Ogbuabor, Ekene ThankGod Emeka, A. Orji, Fidelia N. Onuigbo
ABSTRACT We investigated the effects of international financial inflows (remittances, foreign direct investment and foreign aid) on economic complexity in Africa and the moderation role of institutional quality. We used the dynamic system GMM framework for a panel of 31 African countries over the period 2010–2020. We find that these international financial inflows are significant drivers of economic complexity in Africa, and that institutional quality is significantly moderating and enhancing their effects on economic complexity. Among other recommendations, we encourage policymakers in Africa to continually create an enabling environment to attract these financial inflows in order to promote sustainable investment and economic growth.
{"title":"The effects of international financial inflows on economic complexity in Africa: does institutional quality play a moderation role?","authors":"Jonathan E. Ogbuabor, Ekene ThankGod Emeka, A. Orji, Fidelia N. Onuigbo","doi":"10.1080/17487870.2023.2220862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17487870.2023.2220862","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We investigated the effects of international financial inflows (remittances, foreign direct investment and foreign aid) on economic complexity in Africa and the moderation role of institutional quality. We used the dynamic system GMM framework for a panel of 31 African countries over the period 2010–2020. We find that these international financial inflows are significant drivers of economic complexity in Africa, and that institutional quality is significantly moderating and enhancing their effects on economic complexity. Among other recommendations, we encourage policymakers in Africa to continually create an enabling environment to attract these financial inflows in order to promote sustainable investment and economic growth.","PeriodicalId":51737,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Policy Reform","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47252512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-12DOI: 10.1080/17487870.2023.2197599
Devyani Pande, Araz Taeihagh
ABSTRACT The proliferation of autonomous systems like unmanned aerial vehicles, autonomous vehicles and AI-powered industrial and social robots can benefit society significantly, but these systems also present significant governance challenges in operational, legal, economic, social, and ethical dimensions. Singapore’s role as a front-runner in the trial of autonomous systems presents an insightful case to study whether the current provisional regulations address the challenges. With multiple stakeholder involvement in setting provisional regulations, government stewardship is essential for coordinating robust regulation and helping to address complex issues such as ethical dilemmas and social connectedness in governing autonomous systems.
{"title":"Navigating the governance challenges of disruptive technologies: insights from regulation of autonomous systems in Singapore","authors":"Devyani Pande, Araz Taeihagh","doi":"10.1080/17487870.2023.2197599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17487870.2023.2197599","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The proliferation of autonomous systems like unmanned aerial vehicles, autonomous vehicles and AI-powered industrial and social robots can benefit society significantly, but these systems also present significant governance challenges in operational, legal, economic, social, and ethical dimensions. Singapore’s role as a front-runner in the trial of autonomous systems presents an insightful case to study whether the current provisional regulations address the challenges. With multiple stakeholder involvement in setting provisional regulations, government stewardship is essential for coordinating robust regulation and helping to address complex issues such as ethical dilemmas and social connectedness in governing autonomous systems.","PeriodicalId":51737,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Policy Reform","volume":"26 1","pages":"298 - 319"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47983638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-15DOI: 10.1080/17487870.2023.2187391
H. Phạm, Leavitt Ha, Doan Ngoc Thang, Trung-Thanh To
ABSTRACT This article is the first to examine whether bribery hurts or promotes policy consistency for firms confronting institutional and credit constraints by using World Bank Enterprise Surveys covering 104 developing countries from 2002 to 2006. By using the questionnaire that is only available in the 2002-2006 survey, policy consistency is measured by firms’ perception of the degree of consistency in officials’ interpretation of the law. Bribery reduces the consistency of policy implementation. The adverse impact of bribery on policy consistency is evident only in lower-income countries. Furthermore, these effects become more significant for firms facing institutional and credit constraints.
{"title":"The moderating role of institutional and credit constraints on the nexus between bribery and policy consistency","authors":"H. Phạm, Leavitt Ha, Doan Ngoc Thang, Trung-Thanh To","doi":"10.1080/17487870.2023.2187391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17487870.2023.2187391","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article is the first to examine whether bribery hurts or promotes policy consistency for firms confronting institutional and credit constraints by using World Bank Enterprise Surveys covering 104 developing countries from 2002 to 2006. By using the questionnaire that is only available in the 2002-2006 survey, policy consistency is measured by firms’ perception of the degree of consistency in officials’ interpretation of the law. Bribery reduces the consistency of policy implementation. The adverse impact of bribery on policy consistency is evident only in lower-income countries. Furthermore, these effects become more significant for firms facing institutional and credit constraints.","PeriodicalId":51737,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Policy Reform","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41515820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-27DOI: 10.1080/17487870.2023.2179488
Kamila Bielawska, J. Turner
ABSTRACT Experience in the UK with auto enrolling workers in pensions indicates that once enrolled, most workers stay enrolled, suggesting that auto enrollment may be a desirable policy for other countries. However, the experience with auto enrollment is much different in Poland. This paper examines the argument that inertia is not a strong force when workers distrust in the security of future pension benefits. We present a simple conceptual framework where trust affects the subjective probability distribution of workers relating to future pension benefits. We investigate how this framework might explain the high opt-out rate in Poland.
{"title":"Trust and the behavioral economics of automatic enrollment in pensions: a comparison of the UK and Poland","authors":"Kamila Bielawska, J. Turner","doi":"10.1080/17487870.2023.2179488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17487870.2023.2179488","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Experience in the UK with auto enrolling workers in pensions indicates that once enrolled, most workers stay enrolled, suggesting that auto enrollment may be a desirable policy for other countries. However, the experience with auto enrollment is much different in Poland. This paper examines the argument that inertia is not a strong force when workers distrust in the security of future pension benefits. We present a simple conceptual framework where trust affects the subjective probability distribution of workers relating to future pension benefits. We investigate how this framework might explain the high opt-out rate in Poland.","PeriodicalId":51737,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Policy Reform","volume":"26 1","pages":"216 - 237"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43581293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/17487870.2022.2136175
S. Law, S. Damayanti, Ali M. Kutan, Irwan Trinugroho
ABSTRACT This study examines the linear and non-linear threshold impacts of transparency on economic growth in 70 developing countries from 1984 through 2018, utilizing panel generalized method of moments (GMM) and dynamic-panel threshold estimations. We find that the impact of transparency on growth is stronger when we use non-linear GMM, and dynamic-panel threshold estimations. There is a U-shaped relationship between transparency and economic growth, while transparency is found to stimulate economic growth, especially in a high-transparency threshold regime. The result reveals that financial development plays an important role in moderating the transparency–economic growth nexus in developing countries.
{"title":"Non-linearity and the threshold effect of transparency on economic growth: evidence from developing countries","authors":"S. Law, S. Damayanti, Ali M. Kutan, Irwan Trinugroho","doi":"10.1080/17487870.2022.2136175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17487870.2022.2136175","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study examines the linear and non-linear threshold impacts of transparency on economic growth in 70 developing countries from 1984 through 2018, utilizing panel generalized method of moments (GMM) and dynamic-panel threshold estimations. We find that the impact of transparency on growth is stronger when we use non-linear GMM, and dynamic-panel threshold estimations. There is a U-shaped relationship between transparency and economic growth, while transparency is found to stimulate economic growth, especially in a high-transparency threshold regime. The result reveals that financial development plays an important role in moderating the transparency–economic growth nexus in developing countries.","PeriodicalId":51737,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Policy Reform","volume":"25 1","pages":"388 - 414"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44247411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-21DOI: 10.1080/17487870.2022.2125390
T. Porter, Netina Tan
ABSTRACT This article analyzes the policy options available to governments for addressing the very costly economic impacts of cybersecurity threats. It contributes to complexity thinking in public policy. Complexity involves self-organization, emergence, feedback loops, and adaptation. We show that these are present with cyberthreats. In contrast to plans that involve a series of linear steps to a specific outcome, complexity thinking recommends adaptive design, which creates processes that involve coordinated decentralized capacity for experimentation and resilience. These are illustrated with an examination of the 2007 nation-wide cyberattack on Estonia and the lessons learned from this attack.
{"title":"An integrated complex adaptive governmental policy response to cyberthreats","authors":"T. Porter, Netina Tan","doi":"10.1080/17487870.2022.2125390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17487870.2022.2125390","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article analyzes the policy options available to governments for addressing the very costly economic impacts of cybersecurity threats. It contributes to complexity thinking in public policy. Complexity involves self-organization, emergence, feedback loops, and adaptation. We show that these are present with cyberthreats. In contrast to plans that involve a series of linear steps to a specific outcome, complexity thinking recommends adaptive design, which creates processes that involve coordinated decentralized capacity for experimentation and resilience. These are illustrated with an examination of the 2007 nation-wide cyberattack on Estonia and the lessons learned from this attack.","PeriodicalId":51737,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Policy Reform","volume":"26 1","pages":"283 - 297"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47596961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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