Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2022.11.3.274
Nasir Ahmed Shuvo, Md Sanaul Haque Mondal
Purpose: This study examined the Bangladeshi university students' intention to take coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines by assessing the Health Belief Model and Theory of Planned Behavior.
Materials and methods: University students were queried on their intention to take COVID-19 vaccines. The sample used in this study (n=310) was obtained through an online survey among university students (age, 18-25 years old) from August 7 to September 18, 2021.
Results: Although over 90% of respondents showed their willingness to take the COVID-19 vaccine, around 37.3% of respondents still desired to wait and see to take the vaccine. The most frequently cited reasons for vaccines hesitancy were concerns over side effects (62.4%). There is still an unmet need for adequate information on COVID-19 vaccines (81.4%). Results of the binary logistic regression model showed that students from private universities (odds ratio [OR], 0.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.04-0.97), respondents who concerned about the vaccine safety (OR, 0.07; 95% CI, 0.01-0.44) and side effects of vaccine (OR, 0.21; 95% CI, 0.05-0.89) were less willing to take COVID-19 vaccine. On the other hand, desire to wait to take COVID-19 vaccines was associated with marital status (OR, 7.76; 95% CI, 1.50-40.27); COVID-19 preventive behavior, including use of facemask (OR, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.09-0.70) and maintain social distance (OR,1.75; 95% CI, 1.00-3.07); COVID-19 infection (OR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.26-0.99); provide more information on vaccines (OR, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.06-5.09); the perceived side effects (OR, 2.82; 95% CI, 1.54-5.17); and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines (OR, 2.41; 95% CI, 1.16-5.01).
Conclusion: Public health managers should provide adequate information on COVID-19 vaccines to address the concerns about the safety and side effects of the vaccines.
{"title":"Factors associated with intention to take COVID-19 vaccine among the university students in Bangladesh.","authors":"Nasir Ahmed Shuvo, Md Sanaul Haque Mondal","doi":"10.7774/cevr.2022.11.3.274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7774/cevr.2022.11.3.274","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study examined the Bangladeshi university students' intention to take coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines by assessing the Health Belief Model and Theory of Planned Behavior.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>University students were queried on their intention to take COVID-19 vaccines. The sample used in this study (n=310) was obtained through an online survey among university students (age, 18-25 years old) from August 7 to September 18, 2021.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Although over 90% of respondents showed their willingness to take the COVID-19 vaccine, around 37.3% of respondents still desired to wait and see to take the vaccine. The most frequently cited reasons for vaccines hesitancy were concerns over side effects (62.4%). There is still an unmet need for adequate information on COVID-19 vaccines (81.4%). Results of the binary logistic regression model showed that students from private universities (odds ratio [OR], 0.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.04-0.97), respondents who concerned about the vaccine safety (OR, 0.07; 95% CI, 0.01-0.44) and side effects of vaccine (OR, 0.21; 95% CI, 0.05-0.89) were less willing to take COVID-19 vaccine. On the other hand, desire to wait to take COVID-19 vaccines was associated with marital status (OR, 7.76; 95% CI, 1.50-40.27); COVID-19 preventive behavior, including use of facemask (OR, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.09-0.70) and maintain social distance (OR,1.75; 95% CI, 1.00-3.07); COVID-19 infection (OR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.26-0.99); provide more information on vaccines (OR, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.06-5.09); the perceived side effects (OR, 2.82; 95% CI, 1.54-5.17); and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines (OR, 2.41; 95% CI, 1.16-5.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Public health managers should provide adequate information on COVID-19 vaccines to address the concerns about the safety and side effects of the vaccines.</p>","PeriodicalId":51768,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research","volume":"11 3","pages":"274-284"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d6/34/cevr-11-274.PMC9691862.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10389165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01Epub Date: 2022-09-30DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2022.11.3.302
Olawale Adeyemi
{"title":"COVID-19 vaccines development in Africa: a review of current situation and existing challenges of vaccine production.","authors":"Olawale Adeyemi","doi":"10.7774/cevr.2022.11.3.302","DOIUrl":"10.7774/cevr.2022.11.3.302","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51768,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research","volume":"11 3","pages":"302-303"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/4e/3d/cevr-11-302.PMC9691864.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10678642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2022.11.2.193
Emmanuel Lamptey, Ephraim Kumi Senkyire, Serwaa Dorcas, Dooshima Aki Benita, Evans Osei Boakye, Theckla Ikome, Alex Asamoah
Purpose: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine is the key to getting out of the pandemic. However, acceptance of the vaccine has been affected by false information and rumors, which have kept people from getting the shot since it was rolled out.
Materials and methods: This study aimed to investigate the various misconceptions surfaced about the COVID-19 vaccines in Africa. We performed an online survey using an anonymous questionnaire to reach out to African respondents by social media and all possible online platforms such as Facebook, WhatsApp, Instagram, Twitter, YouTube, and so forth. The web-based questionnaires about the myths surrounding the vaccines were extracted from nonscientific information, unproven statements, social media posts, news reports, and people's concerns about the safety of the COVID-19 vaccines. Participants indicated their level of agreement with each statement.
Results: A total of 2,500 people responded to the online survey in Africa. The two common myths that respondents agreed with were that "since vaccines for COVID-19 have been developed, we can make vaccines for the common cold, human immunodeficiency viruses, and other diseases" (n=892, 35.7%) and that "researchers rushed the development of the COVID-19 vaccines; therefore, it is not very effective, safe and cannot be trusted" (n=595, 23.8%). The range of respondents who neither agreed nor disagreed with these myths was 12.4%-33.0%. The majority (1,931, 77.2%) indicated disagreement with the statement "after getting the COVID-19 vaccine, one can stop wearing a mask as well as taking safety precautions."
Conclusion: Myths surrounding the COVID-19 vaccines have impact on acceptance. Exploring them helps public health authorities in Africa dispel them and provide accurate information to promote vaccination campaigns, education, and acceptance.
{"title":"Exploring the myths surrounding the COVID-19 vaccines in Africa: the study to investigate their impacts on acceptance using online survey and social media.","authors":"Emmanuel Lamptey, Ephraim Kumi Senkyire, Serwaa Dorcas, Dooshima Aki Benita, Evans Osei Boakye, Theckla Ikome, Alex Asamoah","doi":"10.7774/cevr.2022.11.2.193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7774/cevr.2022.11.2.193","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine is the key to getting out of the pandemic. However, acceptance of the vaccine has been affected by false information and rumors, which have kept people from getting the shot since it was rolled out.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the various misconceptions surfaced about the COVID-19 vaccines in Africa. We performed an online survey using an anonymous questionnaire to reach out to African respondents by social media and all possible online platforms such as Facebook, WhatsApp, Instagram, Twitter, YouTube, and so forth. The web-based questionnaires about the myths surrounding the vaccines were extracted from nonscientific information, unproven statements, social media posts, news reports, and people's concerns about the safety of the COVID-19 vaccines. Participants indicated their level of agreement with each statement.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 2,500 people responded to the online survey in Africa. The two common myths that respondents agreed with were that \"since vaccines for COVID-19 have been developed, we can make vaccines for the common cold, human immunodeficiency viruses, and other diseases\" (n=892, 35.7%) and that \"researchers rushed the development of the COVID-19 vaccines; therefore, it is not very effective, safe and cannot be trusted\" (n=595, 23.8%). The range of respondents who neither agreed nor disagreed with these myths was 12.4%-33.0%. The majority (1,931, 77.2%) indicated disagreement with the statement \"after getting the COVID-19 vaccine, one can stop wearing a mask as well as taking safety precautions.\"</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Myths surrounding the COVID-19 vaccines have impact on acceptance. Exploring them helps public health authorities in Africa dispel them and provide accurate information to promote vaccination campaigns, education, and acceptance.</p>","PeriodicalId":51768,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research","volume":"11 2","pages":"193-208"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ec/9f/cevr-11-193.PMC9200652.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10491293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2022.11.2.217
Hamze Shahali, Ramin Hamidi Farahani, Ali Asgari, Ebrahim Hazrati
Lacunar strokes occur when a branch of a large cerebral artery is blocked. The thalamus is often affected, causing uncontrollable motions. A 72-year-old previously healthy man presented with involuntary motions in the right limbs, which were present at rest, and exacerbated during voluntary actions. He had received the first dose of the adenoviral vector-based coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) 9 days ago. Severe thrombocytopenia and elevated levels of lactate dehydrogenase, ferritin, C-reactive protein, and D-dimer were found, without any evidence of connective tissue disease. Electromyography demonstrated typical choreiform movements, and the brain magnetic resonance imaging indicated a small high signal lesion on the left side of the thalamus. Detection of the immunoglobulin G antibodies against platelet factor 4 in the blood, negative heparin-induced platelet activation (HIPA) test, and positive modified HIPA test confirmed the thalamic stroke due to the vaccine-induced prothrombotic immune thrombocytopenia (VIPIT). He was admitted to the intensive care unit and received nadroparin, sodium ozagrel, edaravone, methylprednisolone, and haloperidol. His hemi-chorea improved gradually over 2 weeks, and he was discharged after 21 days with rehabilitation advice. VIPIT due to the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 is a novel immune-mediated response that needs clinicians' awareness and further investigations.
{"title":"Thalamic hemi-chorea: a rare complication after receiving the adenoviral vector-based COVID-19 vaccine: a case report.","authors":"Hamze Shahali, Ramin Hamidi Farahani, Ali Asgari, Ebrahim Hazrati","doi":"10.7774/cevr.2022.11.2.217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7774/cevr.2022.11.2.217","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lacunar strokes occur when a branch of a large cerebral artery is blocked. The thalamus is often affected, causing uncontrollable motions. A 72-year-old previously healthy man presented with involuntary motions in the right limbs, which were present at rest, and exacerbated during voluntary actions. He had received the first dose of the adenoviral vector-based coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) 9 days ago. Severe thrombocytopenia and elevated levels of lactate dehydrogenase, ferritin, C-reactive protein, and D-dimer were found, without any evidence of connective tissue disease. Electromyography demonstrated typical choreiform movements, and the brain magnetic resonance imaging indicated a small high signal lesion on the left side of the thalamus. Detection of the immunoglobulin G antibodies against platelet factor 4 in the blood, negative heparin-induced platelet activation (HIPA) test, and positive modified HIPA test confirmed the thalamic stroke due to the vaccine-induced prothrombotic immune thrombocytopenia (VIPIT). He was admitted to the intensive care unit and received nadroparin, sodium ozagrel, edaravone, methylprednisolone, and haloperidol. His hemi-chorea improved gradually over 2 weeks, and he was discharged after 21 days with rehabilitation advice. VIPIT due to the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 is a novel immune-mediated response that needs clinicians' awareness and further investigations.</p>","PeriodicalId":51768,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research","volume":"11 2","pages":"217-221"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d2/16/cevr-11-217.PMC9200646.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10775563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2022.11.1.53
A. Al-Mariri, Laila Al-Hallab, Rasha Alabras, Heba Kherbik, Marwa Khawajkiah
Purpose Brucella spp. is a zoonosis that causes undulant fever in humans and abortion in livestock worldwide. Lately, it was conveyed that vaccines developed by irradiation have induced a strong cellular and humoral immune response which have made these types of vaccines highly effective. Materials and Methods In this study, we aimed to use the gamma-irradiated B. ovis as a vaccine and to study the humoral immune response and cytokines production in order to evaluate it for protecting mice against B. abortus 544, B. melitensis 16M, and B. ovis. Results The humoral immune response in immunized mice with gamma-irradiated B. ovis showed a lasting for 8 weeks after immunization. Moreover, immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b isotypes antibodies against B. ovis were observed after 4 and 8 weeks of the last immunization. It was noticed that the production of tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, and interleukin (IL)-10 continued after 4 and 8 weeks by splenocytes from immunized BALB/c mice, while no production of IL-4 or IL-5 was observed. Conclusion Our results indicate that the protection of BALB/c mice against B. melitensis 16M, B. abortus 544, and B. ovis was induced and the developed vaccine at our laboratory could stimulate similar protection to those induced by the traditional vaccine.
{"title":"Protection against virulent Brucella spp. by gamma-irradiated B. ovis in BALB/c mice model","authors":"A. Al-Mariri, Laila Al-Hallab, Rasha Alabras, Heba Kherbik, Marwa Khawajkiah","doi":"10.7774/cevr.2022.11.1.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7774/cevr.2022.11.1.53","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose Brucella spp. is a zoonosis that causes undulant fever in humans and abortion in livestock worldwide. Lately, it was conveyed that vaccines developed by irradiation have induced a strong cellular and humoral immune response which have made these types of vaccines highly effective. Materials and Methods In this study, we aimed to use the gamma-irradiated B. ovis as a vaccine and to study the humoral immune response and cytokines production in order to evaluate it for protecting mice against B. abortus 544, B. melitensis 16M, and B. ovis. Results The humoral immune response in immunized mice with gamma-irradiated B. ovis showed a lasting for 8 weeks after immunization. Moreover, immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b isotypes antibodies against B. ovis were observed after 4 and 8 weeks of the last immunization. It was noticed that the production of tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, and interleukin (IL)-10 continued after 4 and 8 weeks by splenocytes from immunized BALB/c mice, while no production of IL-4 or IL-5 was observed. Conclusion Our results indicate that the protection of BALB/c mice against B. melitensis 16M, B. abortus 544, and B. ovis was induced and the developed vaccine at our laboratory could stimulate similar protection to those induced by the traditional vaccine.","PeriodicalId":51768,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research","volume":"11 1","pages":"53 - 62"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48490374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2022.11.1.12
Shaimaa Abulmagd, A. E. Khattab, H. Zedan
Purpose In the present study, whole diphtheria toxin (dt) and fragment B (dtb) genes from Corynebacterium diphtheriae Park William were cloned into Escherichia coli, the purified expressed proteins were evaluated for ultimately using as a candidate vaccine. Materials and Methods The dt and dtb genes were isolated from bacterial strain ATCC (American Type Culture Collection) no. 13812. Plasmid pET29a+ was extracted by DNA-spin TM plasmid purification kit where genes were inserted using BamHI and HindIII-HF. Cloned pET29a+dt and pET29a+dtb plasmids were transformed into E. coli BL21(DE3)PlysS as expression host. The identity of the sequences was validated by blasting the sequence (BLASTn) against all the reported nucleotide sequences in the NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information) GenBank. Production of proteins in high yield by different types and parameters of fermentation to determine optimal conditions. Lastly, the purified concentrated rdtx and rdtb were injected to BALB/c mice and antibody titers were detected. Results The genetic transformation of E. coli DH5α and E. coli BL21 with the pET-29a(+) carrying the dt and dtb genes was confirmed by colony polymerase chain reaction assay and were positive to grow on Luria-Bertani/kanamycin medium. The open reading frame of dt and dtb sequences consisted of 1,600 bp and 1,000 bp, were found to be 100% identical to dt and dtb sequence of C. diphtheriae (accession number KX702999.1 and KX702993.1) respectively. The optimal condition for high cell density is fed-batch fermentation production to express the rdtx and rdtb at 280 and 240 Lf/mL, dissolved oxygen was about 24% and 22% and the dry cell weight of bacteria was 2.41 g/L and 2.18 g/L, respectively. Conclusion This study concluded with success in preparing genetically modified two strains for the production of a diphtheria vaccine, and to reach ideal production conditions to achieve the highest productivity.
目的本研究将白喉棒状杆菌Park William的白喉毒素(dt)和B片段(dtb)基因克隆到大肠杆菌中,并对纯化的表达蛋白进行评价,最终用作候选疫苗。材料和方法从ATCC(American Type Culture Collection)13812菌株中分离出dt和dtb基因。质粒pET29a+通过DNA spin-TM质粒纯化试剂盒提取,其中使用BamHI和HindIII-HF插入基因。将克隆的pET29a+dt和pET29a+dtb质粒转化到大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)PlysS中作为表达宿主。通过对NCBI(国家生物技术信息中心)GenBank中所有报道的核苷酸序列爆破序列(BLASTn)来验证序列的同一性。通过不同类型和参数的发酵来确定高产蛋白质的最佳条件。最后,将纯化的浓缩rdtx和rdtb注射到BALB/c小鼠中,并检测抗体滴度。结果用携带dt和dtb基因的pET-29a(+)对大肠杆菌DH5α和大肠杆菌BL21进行了遗传转化,并在Luria Bertani/卡那霉素培养基上呈阳性生长。发现由1600bp和1000bp组成的dt和dtb序列的开放阅读框分别与白喉杆菌的dt和dtb序列(登录号KX702999.1和KX702993.1)100%相同。高细胞密度的最佳条件是补料分批发酵生产,以280和240Lf/mL表达rdtx和rdtb,溶解氧约为24%和22%,细菌干细胞重量分别为2.41g/L和2.18g/L。结论本研究成功地制备了两株用于生产白喉疫苗的转基因菌株,并达到了理想的生产条件,达到了最高的生产效率。
{"title":"Expression of full and fragment-B of diphtheria toxin genes in Escherichia coli for generating of recombinant diphtheria vaccines","authors":"Shaimaa Abulmagd, A. E. Khattab, H. Zedan","doi":"10.7774/cevr.2022.11.1.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7774/cevr.2022.11.1.12","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose In the present study, whole diphtheria toxin (dt) and fragment B (dtb) genes from Corynebacterium diphtheriae Park William were cloned into Escherichia coli, the purified expressed proteins were evaluated for ultimately using as a candidate vaccine. Materials and Methods The dt and dtb genes were isolated from bacterial strain ATCC (American Type Culture Collection) no. 13812. Plasmid pET29a+ was extracted by DNA-spin TM plasmid purification kit where genes were inserted using BamHI and HindIII-HF. Cloned pET29a+dt and pET29a+dtb plasmids were transformed into E. coli BL21(DE3)PlysS as expression host. The identity of the sequences was validated by blasting the sequence (BLASTn) against all the reported nucleotide sequences in the NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information) GenBank. Production of proteins in high yield by different types and parameters of fermentation to determine optimal conditions. Lastly, the purified concentrated rdtx and rdtb were injected to BALB/c mice and antibody titers were detected. Results The genetic transformation of E. coli DH5α and E. coli BL21 with the pET-29a(+) carrying the dt and dtb genes was confirmed by colony polymerase chain reaction assay and were positive to grow on Luria-Bertani/kanamycin medium. The open reading frame of dt and dtb sequences consisted of 1,600 bp and 1,000 bp, were found to be 100% identical to dt and dtb sequence of C. diphtheriae (accession number KX702999.1 and KX702993.1) respectively. The optimal condition for high cell density is fed-batch fermentation production to express the rdtx and rdtb at 280 and 240 Lf/mL, dissolved oxygen was about 24% and 22% and the dry cell weight of bacteria was 2.41 g/L and 2.18 g/L, respectively. Conclusion This study concluded with success in preparing genetically modified two strains for the production of a diphtheria vaccine, and to reach ideal production conditions to achieve the highest productivity.","PeriodicalId":51768,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research","volume":"11 1","pages":"12 - 29"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47447762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01Epub Date: 2022-01-31DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2022.11.1.96
Alexander Krüttgen, Gerhard Haase, Helga Haefner, Matthias Imöhl, Michael Kleines
Purpose: Studies on the immune responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccines are necessary to evaluate the ongoing vaccination programs by correlating serological response data and clinical effectiveness data. We performed a longitudinal immunological profiling of health care workers vaccinated with mRNA-1273 (Moderna, Cambridge, MA, USA). Half of these vaccinees had experienced a mild coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection in the spring of 2020 ("COVID-recovered" cohort), whereas the other half of the vaccinees had no previous COVID-19 infection ("COVID-naive" cohort).
Materials and methods: Serum was drawn at multiple time points and subjected to assays measuring anti-Spike immunoglobulin G (IgG), avidity of anti-Spike IgG, avidity of anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) IgG, virus neutralizing activity, and interferon-γ release from stimulated lymphocytes.
Results: Between both cohorts and within each cohort, we found remarkable inter-individual differences regarding cellular and humoral immune responses to the Moderna mRNA-1273 vaccine.
Conclusion: First, our study indicates that the success of mRNA-1273 vaccinations should be verified by serological assays in order to identify "low-responders" to vaccination. Second, the kinetics of anti-S IgG and neutralizing activity correlate well with clinical effectiveness data, thus explaining incipient protection against infection 2 weeks after the first dose of mRNA-1273 in COVID-naive vaccinees. Third, our IgG-avidity data indicate that this incipient protection is mediated by low-avidity anti-RBD IgG and low-avidity anti-S IgG.
{"title":"Large inter-individual variability of cellular and humoral immunological responses to mRNA-1273 (Moderna) vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 in health care workers.","authors":"Alexander Krüttgen, Gerhard Haase, Helga Haefner, Matthias Imöhl, Michael Kleines","doi":"10.7774/cevr.2022.11.1.96","DOIUrl":"10.7774/cevr.2022.11.1.96","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Studies on the immune responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccines are necessary to evaluate the ongoing vaccination programs by correlating serological response data and clinical effectiveness data. We performed a longitudinal immunological profiling of health care workers vaccinated with mRNA-1273 (Moderna, Cambridge, MA, USA). Half of these vaccinees had experienced a mild coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection in the spring of 2020 (\"COVID-recovered\" cohort), whereas the other half of the vaccinees had no previous COVID-19 infection (\"COVID-naive\" cohort).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Serum was drawn at multiple time points and subjected to assays measuring anti-Spike immunoglobulin G (IgG), avidity of anti-Spike IgG, avidity of anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) IgG, virus neutralizing activity, and interferon-γ release from stimulated lymphocytes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between both cohorts and within each cohort, we found remarkable inter-individual differences regarding cellular and humoral immune responses to the Moderna mRNA-1273 vaccine.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>First, our study indicates that the success of mRNA-1273 vaccinations should be verified by serological assays in order to identify \"low-responders\" to vaccination. Second, the kinetics of anti-S IgG and neutralizing activity correlate well with clinical effectiveness data, thus explaining incipient protection against infection 2 weeks after the first dose of mRNA-1273 in COVID-naive vaccinees. Third, our IgG-avidity data indicate that this incipient protection is mediated by low-avidity anti-RBD IgG and low-avidity anti-S IgG.</p>","PeriodicalId":51768,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research","volume":"11 1","pages":"96-103"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8844675/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44525660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2022.11.1.121
Hanna Klingel, Maike Lauen, A. Krüttgen, M. Imöhl, M. Kleines
Knowledge about mRNA-1273 elicited T-cell response is limited. We investigated adverse reactions and interferon gamma release by specific T-cells among mRNA-1273 vaccinated health care workers. Seven to 13 weeks after complete vaccination low levels of specific T-cells were detected not correlating with antibody response. Severity of symptoms after first and number of symptoms after second immunization were associated with T-cell response. Assessment of T-cell response in addition to antibody response is crucial because even few specific T-cells could add to protection against infection. Investigation of mRNA-1273 induced inflammatory processes might help improve reactogenicity and immunogenicity.
{"title":"Severity of adverse reactions is associated with T-cell response in mRNA-1273 vaccinated health care workers","authors":"Hanna Klingel, Maike Lauen, A. Krüttgen, M. Imöhl, M. Kleines","doi":"10.7774/cevr.2022.11.1.121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7774/cevr.2022.11.1.121","url":null,"abstract":"Knowledge about mRNA-1273 elicited T-cell response is limited. We investigated adverse reactions and interferon gamma release by specific T-cells among mRNA-1273 vaccinated health care workers. Seven to 13 weeks after complete vaccination low levels of specific T-cells were detected not correlating with antibody response. Severity of symptoms after first and number of symptoms after second immunization were associated with T-cell response. Assessment of T-cell response in addition to antibody response is crucial because even few specific T-cells could add to protection against infection. Investigation of mRNA-1273 induced inflammatory processes might help improve reactogenicity and immunogenicity.","PeriodicalId":51768,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research","volume":"11 1","pages":"121 - 124"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44645273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2022.11.1.104
A. Sanyaolu, A. Marinkovic, S. Prakash, P. Desai, N. Haider, A. Abbasi, Nasima Mehraban, Isha Jain, Amarachi Ekeh, Omar Shazley, C. Okorie, V. Orish
Purpose In the United States, Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna, and Janssen’s coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines have been granted Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) with the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine presently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. The purpose of this study is to analyze passive surveillance data on COVID-19 vaccine adverse reaction in the United States. Materials and Methods We analyzed passive surveillance data on COVID-19 vaccine adverse reactions which were retrieved from the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System database. Retrieved records on demographic information as well as the top 10 common vaccine adverse events were extracted and assessed from 200 of the most recently reported cases for the study analysis. Results Local and systemic adverse reactions were reported in the study. A significant difference (p<0.05) was recorded for the top 10 systemic reactions by age category (0.041) and by gender (0.002). Analysis of the top five systemic reactions, stratified by vaccine type yielded a significant difference (p<0.05) for chills (p=0.044), and when stratified by age group and type of vaccination received, it yielded a significant difference (p<0.05) for fatigue (p=0.023). Overall, Pfizer had 182 persons (91.0%) reporting adverse events, Moderna with 13 (6.5%), and Janssen with 5 (2.5%). Conclusion Mild side effects were reported following vaccination with the EUA COVID-19 vaccines in the United States. Thus, continuous monitoring and reporting of all adverse events are recommended to ensure the safety of vaccination.
{"title":"Reactogenicity to COVID-19 vaccination in the United States of America","authors":"A. Sanyaolu, A. Marinkovic, S. Prakash, P. Desai, N. Haider, A. Abbasi, Nasima Mehraban, Isha Jain, Amarachi Ekeh, Omar Shazley, C. Okorie, V. Orish","doi":"10.7774/cevr.2022.11.1.104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7774/cevr.2022.11.1.104","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose In the United States, Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna, and Janssen’s coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines have been granted Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) with the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine presently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. The purpose of this study is to analyze passive surveillance data on COVID-19 vaccine adverse reaction in the United States. Materials and Methods We analyzed passive surveillance data on COVID-19 vaccine adverse reactions which were retrieved from the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System database. Retrieved records on demographic information as well as the top 10 common vaccine adverse events were extracted and assessed from 200 of the most recently reported cases for the study analysis. Results Local and systemic adverse reactions were reported in the study. A significant difference (p<0.05) was recorded for the top 10 systemic reactions by age category (0.041) and by gender (0.002). Analysis of the top five systemic reactions, stratified by vaccine type yielded a significant difference (p<0.05) for chills (p=0.044), and when stratified by age group and type of vaccination received, it yielded a significant difference (p<0.05) for fatigue (p=0.023). Overall, Pfizer had 182 persons (91.0%) reporting adverse events, Moderna with 13 (6.5%), and Janssen with 5 (2.5%). Conclusion Mild side effects were reported following vaccination with the EUA COVID-19 vaccines in the United States. Thus, continuous monitoring and reporting of all adverse events are recommended to ensure the safety of vaccination.","PeriodicalId":51768,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research","volume":"11 1","pages":"104 - 115"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43802973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2022.11.1.129
G. Gallo, L. Mastorino, L. Tonella, S. Ribero, P. Quaglino
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines are authorized for use in numerous countries worldwide. Several cutaneous findings are reported after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) vaccination. Here, we report the case of a patient with a rapid onset of alopecia areata immediately after receiving the second dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. Alopecia areata is a common autoimmune disease leading to non-scarring hair loss. Among the many cutaneous adverse effects reported after the anti-SARS-COV2 vaccination, no episodes of alopecia areata have been described to date. In this paper, we report the first case of alopecia areata after COVID-19 vaccination described in the literature with a revision of cases of alopecia areata reported after other types of vaccination. Although the significance of these skin reactions is not yet known, further studies will certainly clarify whether the development of alopecia areata or other forms of immune-mediated reactions could represent a positive prognostic factor regarding immune protection from SARS-CoV-2.
{"title":"Alopecia areata after COVID-19 vaccination","authors":"G. Gallo, L. Mastorino, L. Tonella, S. Ribero, P. Quaglino","doi":"10.7774/cevr.2022.11.1.129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7774/cevr.2022.11.1.129","url":null,"abstract":"The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines are authorized for use in numerous countries worldwide. Several cutaneous findings are reported after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) vaccination. Here, we report the case of a patient with a rapid onset of alopecia areata immediately after receiving the second dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. Alopecia areata is a common autoimmune disease leading to non-scarring hair loss. Among the many cutaneous adverse effects reported after the anti-SARS-COV2 vaccination, no episodes of alopecia areata have been described to date. In this paper, we report the first case of alopecia areata after COVID-19 vaccination described in the literature with a revision of cases of alopecia areata reported after other types of vaccination. Although the significance of these skin reactions is not yet known, further studies will certainly clarify whether the development of alopecia areata or other forms of immune-mediated reactions could represent a positive prognostic factor regarding immune protection from SARS-CoV-2.","PeriodicalId":51768,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research","volume":"11 1","pages":"129 - 132"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42708568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}