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Exploring the myths surrounding the COVID-19 vaccines in Africa: the study to investigate their impacts on acceptance using online survey and social media. 探索非洲COVID-19疫苗的神话:利用在线调查和社交媒体调查其对接受度的影响的研究。
IF 2.7 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2022.11.2.193
Emmanuel Lamptey, Ephraim Kumi Senkyire, Serwaa Dorcas, Dooshima Aki Benita, Evans Osei Boakye, Theckla Ikome, Alex Asamoah

Purpose: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine is the key to getting out of the pandemic. However, acceptance of the vaccine has been affected by false information and rumors, which have kept people from getting the shot since it was rolled out.

Materials and methods: This study aimed to investigate the various misconceptions surfaced about the COVID-19 vaccines in Africa. We performed an online survey using an anonymous questionnaire to reach out to African respondents by social media and all possible online platforms such as Facebook, WhatsApp, Instagram, Twitter, YouTube, and so forth. The web-based questionnaires about the myths surrounding the vaccines were extracted from nonscientific information, unproven statements, social media posts, news reports, and people's concerns about the safety of the COVID-19 vaccines. Participants indicated their level of agreement with each statement.

Results: A total of 2,500 people responded to the online survey in Africa. The two common myths that respondents agreed with were that "since vaccines for COVID-19 have been developed, we can make vaccines for the common cold, human immunodeficiency viruses, and other diseases" (n=892, 35.7%) and that "researchers rushed the development of the COVID-19 vaccines; therefore, it is not very effective, safe and cannot be trusted" (n=595, 23.8%). The range of respondents who neither agreed nor disagreed with these myths was 12.4%-33.0%. The majority (1,931, 77.2%) indicated disagreement with the statement "after getting the COVID-19 vaccine, one can stop wearing a mask as well as taking safety precautions."

Conclusion: Myths surrounding the COVID-19 vaccines have impact on acceptance. Exploring them helps public health authorities in Africa dispel them and provide accurate information to promote vaccination campaigns, education, and acceptance.

目的:2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)疫苗是摆脱疫情的关键。然而,自疫苗推出以来,人们对疫苗的接受程度受到虚假信息和谣言的影响,这些信息和谣言使人们无法接种疫苗。材料和方法:本研究旨在调查非洲对COVID-19疫苗的各种误解。我们进行了一项在线调查,使用匿名问卷,通过社交媒体和所有可能的在线平台,如Facebook、WhatsApp、Instagram、Twitter、YouTube等,接触到非洲的受访者。基于网络的关于疫苗神话的调查问卷是从非科学信息、未经证实的陈述、社交媒体帖子、新闻报道以及人们对COVID-19疫苗安全性的担忧中提取的。参与者表明了他们对每个陈述的同意程度。结果:共有2500人对非洲的在线调查做出了回应。受访者认同的两个常见误区是“既然已经开发出了COVID-19疫苗,我们就可以生产普通感冒、人类免疫缺陷病毒和其他疾病的疫苗”(n=892, 35.7%)和“研究人员匆忙开发了COVID-19疫苗;因此,它不是很有效,不安全,不能信任”(n=595, 23.8%)。12.4%-33.0%的受访者既不同意也不反对这些说法。大多数人(1931人,77.2%)不同意“接种新冠病毒疫苗后,可以不戴口罩,也可以采取安全措施”的说法。结论:围绕COVID-19疫苗的误解影响了人们的接受程度。探索这些问题有助于非洲的公共卫生当局消除它们,并提供准确的信息,以促进疫苗接种运动、教育和接受。
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引用次数: 2
Thalamic hemi-chorea: a rare complication after receiving the adenoviral vector-based COVID-19 vaccine: a case report. 丘脑半舞蹈病:接种基于腺病毒载体的COVID-19疫苗后的罕见并发症:1例报告
IF 2.7 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2022.11.2.217
Hamze Shahali, Ramin Hamidi Farahani, Ali Asgari, Ebrahim Hazrati

Lacunar strokes occur when a branch of a large cerebral artery is blocked. The thalamus is often affected, causing uncontrollable motions. A 72-year-old previously healthy man presented with involuntary motions in the right limbs, which were present at rest, and exacerbated during voluntary actions. He had received the first dose of the adenoviral vector-based coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) 9 days ago. Severe thrombocytopenia and elevated levels of lactate dehydrogenase, ferritin, C-reactive protein, and D-dimer were found, without any evidence of connective tissue disease. Electromyography demonstrated typical choreiform movements, and the brain magnetic resonance imaging indicated a small high signal lesion on the left side of the thalamus. Detection of the immunoglobulin G antibodies against platelet factor 4 in the blood, negative heparin-induced platelet activation (HIPA) test, and positive modified HIPA test confirmed the thalamic stroke due to the vaccine-induced prothrombotic immune thrombocytopenia (VIPIT). He was admitted to the intensive care unit and received nadroparin, sodium ozagrel, edaravone, methylprednisolone, and haloperidol. His hemi-chorea improved gradually over 2 weeks, and he was discharged after 21 days with rehabilitation advice. VIPIT due to the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 is a novel immune-mediated response that needs clinicians' awareness and further investigations.

脑腔隙性中风发生在大脑大动脉的一个分支被阻塞的时候。丘脑经常受到影响,导致无法控制的运动。一名72岁以前健康的男性,在休息时出现右肢体不自主运动,并在自主活动时加重。9天前,他接种了第一剂基于腺病毒载体的2019冠状病毒病疫苗(ChAdOx1 nCoV-19)。发现严重的血小板减少症和乳酸脱氢酶、铁蛋白、c反应蛋白和d -二聚体水平升高,无结缔组织疾病的证据。肌电图显示典型的舞蹈样运动,脑磁共振成像显示丘脑左侧有一个小的高信号病变。血液中抗血小板因子4的免疫球蛋白G抗体检测、肝素诱导血小板活化(HIPA)试验阴性、改良HIPA试验阳性均证实疫苗诱导的血栓性免疫性血小板减少症(VIPIT)所致丘脑卒中。他被送进重症监护室,接受了nadroparin、ozagrel钠、依达拉奉、甲基强的松龙和氟哌啶醇。他的半舞蹈症在2周内逐渐改善,并在康复建议下于21天后出院。由ChAdOx1 nCoV-19引起的VIPIT是一种新的免疫介导反应,需要临床医生的认识和进一步的研究。
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引用次数: 4
Possible different genotypes for human papillomavirus vaccination in lower middle-income countries towards cervical cancer elimination in 2030: a cross-sectional study. 在中低收入国家实现2030年消除宫颈癌的人类乳头瘤病毒疫苗接种的可能不同基因型:一项横断面研究。
IF 2.7 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-05-01 Epub Date: 2022-05-31 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2022.11.2.141
Tofan Widya Utami, Andrijono Andrijono, Andi Putra, Junita Indarti, Gert Fleuren, Ekaterina Jordanova, Inas Humairah, Ahmad Utomo

Purpose: Human papillomavirus (HPV) genotype and age distribution of HPV infection were crucial for the national vaccination and screening program planning. However, there was a limited study providing these data in the normal cervix population. This study aimed to explore the HPV genotypes profile of women with clinically normal cervix based on Visual Inspection of Acetic Acid (VIA) test.

Materials and methods: A 7-year cross-sectional study was conducted from 2012 to 2018 in private and public health care centers in Jakarta. Subjects were recruited consecutively. Data were collected by anamnesis, VIA, and HPV DNA test using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR; SPF10-DEIA-LiPA25) method. HPV genotyping procedures include DNA extraction, PCR (SPF10-DEIA-LiPA25) using the HPV XpressMatrix kit (PT KalGen DNA, East Jakarta, Indonesia), and hybridization. The IBM SPSS ver. 20.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) were used to analyze the data.

Results: A total of 1,397 subjects were collected. Positive HPV-DNA tests were found in 52 subjects (3.7%); 67% were single and 33% were multiple HPV infections. HPV 52 was the most frequently detected HPV genotype, followed by HPV 39, 16, 18 74, 44, 31, 54, and 66, respectively. The highest HPV infections in this population were in the 31-40 and 41-50 years old group.

Conclusion: This study suggested beneficial screening for women aged 31-50 years old. Instead of "original" nonavalent (HPV 16, 18, 6, 11, 31, 33, 45, 52, 58), the different "nonavalent" formula for HPV vaccines protecting against HPV 16, 18, 6, 11, 31, 39, 44, 52, 74 might be useful for Indonesian population. However, further multicenter studies with a huge sample size are still needed.

目的:人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)的基因型和年龄分布对国家疫苗接种和筛查规划具有重要意义。然而,在正常子宫颈人群中提供这些数据的研究有限。本研究旨在探讨临床宫颈正常妇女的HPV基因型,基于醋酸目视检查(VIA)试验。材料和方法:2012年至2018年,在雅加达的私人和公共卫生保健中心进行了一项为期7年的横断面研究。受试者被连续招募。通过记忆、VIA和HPV DNA检测收集数据,采用聚合酶链反应(PCR;SPF10-DEIA-LiPA25)方法。HPV基因分型程序包括DNA提取,使用HPV XpressMatrix试剂盒(PT KalGen DNA, East Jakarta, Indonesia)进行PCR (SPF10-DEIA-LiPA25)和杂交。IBM SPSS软件。20.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA)进行数据分析。结果:共收集1397名受试者。HPV-DNA检测阳性52例(3.7%);67%为单一HPV感染,33%为多重HPV感染。HPV 52是最常见的HPV基因型,其次是HPV 39、16、18 74、44、31、54和66。该人群中HPV感染率最高的是31-40岁和41-50岁年龄组。结论:本研究建议对31-50岁的女性进行有益的筛查。替代“原始”非价型(HPV 16、18、6、11、31、33、45、52、58),不同的“非价型”HPV疫苗配方保护HPV 16、18、6、11、31、39、44、52、74可能对印度尼西亚人口有用。然而,仍需要进一步的多中心大样本量研究。
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引用次数: 0
Nasal vaccine as a booster shot: a viable solution to restrict pandemic? 鼻用疫苗作为加强剂:限制大流行的可行解决方案?
IF 2.7 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-05-01 Epub Date: 2022-05-31 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2022.11.2.184
Sarasa Meenakshi, V Udaya Kumar, Sameer Dhingra, Krishna Murti

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic revolutionized the vaccine market and initiated the momentum for alternative routes of administration for vaccines. The intranasal route of immunization is one such possibility that appears to be the most promising since it has some significant advantages, particularly in the prevention of respiratory infection. To analyze and summarize the role of nasal vaccines over conventional vaccines during COVID-19 and the need for the nasal vaccine as a booster shot. In this narrative review, the required data was retrieved using keywords "COVID-19," "Intranasal," "Immunity," "Nasal spray," and "Mucosal" in databases including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Science Direct, and Web of Sciences. The results of the study showed that the nasal vaccines were both effective and protective according to the current researches approaching during the COVID-19 period and the preclinical and clinical phase trials prove the intranasal vaccination elicits more robust and cross-protective immunity than conventional vaccines. In this narrative review article, mechanisms across the nasal mucosa will be briefly presented and the current status of nasal vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic is summarized, and advantages over traditional vaccines are provided. Furthermore, after exploring the primary benefits and kinetics of nasal vaccine, the potential for consideration of nasal vaccine as a booster dose is also discussed.

2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)大流行彻底改变了疫苗市场,并开启了疫苗替代给药途径的势头。鼻内免疫途径似乎是最有希望的一种可能性,因为它具有一些显著的优势,特别是在预防呼吸道感染方面。分析总结新型冠状病毒肺炎期间鼻用疫苗相对于传统疫苗的作用,以及鼻用疫苗作为加强剂的必要性。在这篇叙述性综述中,使用关键词“COVID-19”、“鼻内”、“免疫”、“鼻喷雾剂”和“粘膜”在PubMed、Scopus、Embase、Science Direct和Web of Sciences等数据库中检索所需的数据。本研究结果表明,根据目前即将进入新冠肺炎时期的研究情况,鼻用疫苗既有效又具有保护性,临床前和临床阶段的试验证明,鼻用疫苗比常规疫苗具有更强的交叉保护性免疫。本文将简要介绍新冠肺炎大流行期间鼻用疫苗的作用机制,总结鼻用疫苗的研究现状,并介绍其相对于传统疫苗的优势。此外,在探讨了鼻用疫苗的主要益处和动力学之后,还讨论了考虑将鼻用疫苗作为加强剂的可能性。
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引用次数: 3
Heterologous prime-boost with the mRNA-1273 vaccine among CoronaVac-vaccinated healthcare workers in Indonesia. 在印度尼西亚接种过冠状病毒疫苗的卫生保健工作者中,mRNA-1273疫苗的异源启动增强
IF 2.7 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-05-01 Epub Date: 2022-05-31 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2022.11.2.209
Theresia Santi, Veli Sungono, Lina Kamarga, Baringin De Samakto, Ferry Hidayat, Feronica Kusuma Hidayat, Magy Satolom, Anita Permana, Irawan Yusuf, Ivet Marita Suriapranata, Juandy Jo

Purpose: This study was performed to investigate humoral immune response and adverse events upon the heterologous prime-boost with a single dose of the mRNA-1273 vaccine among fully CoronaVac-vaccinated, infection-naïve healthcare workers in Indonesia.

Materials and methods: One hundred twenty-five eligible healthcare workers were recruited from one hospital for this prospective cohort study. Blood collection was conducted twice, i.e., on 7 days before and 28 days after the booster vaccination. The titer of anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) antibodies was quantified accordingly. The post-vaccination adverse event was recorded for both CoronaVac and mRNA-1273 vaccinations. Any breakthrough infection was monitored during the follow-up period. Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test was used to test differences between groups.

Results: A significant increase was observed in the titer of anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD antibodies upon receiving the mRNA-1273 booster (geometric mean titers of 65.57 and 47,445 U/mL in pre- and post-booster, respectively), supporting the argument to use heterologous prime-boost vaccination to improve the protection against COVID-19 in a high-risk population. The mRNA-1273 vaccine, however, caused a higher frequency of adverse events than the CoronaVac vaccine. Nonetheless, the adverse events were considered minor medical events and temporary as all subjects were not hospitalized and fully recovered. Of note, no breakthrough infection was observed during the follow-up to 12 weeks post-booster.

Conclusion: The heterologous prime-boost vaccination of healthcare workers with a single dose of the mRNA-1273 vaccine generated a significant elevation in humoral immune response towards RBD of SARS-CoV-2 and was associated with a higher frequency, but minor and transient, adverse events.

目的:本研究旨在调查印度尼西亚完全接种过冠状病毒疫苗infection-naïve的卫生保健工作者在单剂量mRNA-1273疫苗的异源启动增强后的体液免疫反应和不良事件。材料和方法:从一家医院招募125名符合条件的医护人员进行这项前瞻性队列研究。两次采血,分别在加强疫苗接种前7天和后28天。测定抗sars - cov -2受体结合域(RBD)抗体滴度。记录接种CoronaVac和mRNA-1273疫苗后的不良事件。在随访期间监测任何突破性感染。采用Wilcoxon配对对符号秩检验检验组间差异。结果:接受mRNA-1273增强剂后,抗sars - cov -2 RBD抗体的滴度显著增加(增强前和增强后的几何平均滴度分别为65.57和47,445 U/mL),支持使用异源预增强疫苗提高高危人群对COVID-19的保护作用的观点。然而,mRNA-1273疫苗比冠状病毒疫苗引起的不良事件频率更高。尽管如此,不良事件被认为是轻微的医疗事件和暂时的,因为所有受试者都没有住院并完全康复。值得注意的是,在加强后12周的随访期间,没有观察到突破性感染。结论:卫生保健工作者接种单剂量mRNA-1273疫苗后,可显著提高对SARS-CoV-2 RBD的体液免疫应答,并与较高频率、但轻微且短暂的不良事件相关。
{"title":"Heterologous prime-boost with the mRNA-1273 vaccine among CoronaVac-vaccinated healthcare workers in Indonesia.","authors":"Theresia Santi,&nbsp;Veli Sungono,&nbsp;Lina Kamarga,&nbsp;Baringin De Samakto,&nbsp;Ferry Hidayat,&nbsp;Feronica Kusuma Hidayat,&nbsp;Magy Satolom,&nbsp;Anita Permana,&nbsp;Irawan Yusuf,&nbsp;Ivet Marita Suriapranata,&nbsp;Juandy Jo","doi":"10.7774/cevr.2022.11.2.209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7774/cevr.2022.11.2.209","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study was performed to investigate humoral immune response and adverse events upon the heterologous prime-boost with a single dose of the mRNA-1273 vaccine among fully CoronaVac-vaccinated, infection-naïve healthcare workers in Indonesia.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>One hundred twenty-five eligible healthcare workers were recruited from one hospital for this prospective cohort study. Blood collection was conducted twice, i.e., on 7 days before and 28 days after the booster vaccination. The titer of anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) antibodies was quantified accordingly. The post-vaccination adverse event was recorded for both CoronaVac and mRNA-1273 vaccinations. Any breakthrough infection was monitored during the follow-up period. Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test was used to test differences between groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significant increase was observed in the titer of anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD antibodies upon receiving the mRNA-1273 booster (geometric mean titers of 65.57 and 47,445 U/mL in pre- and post-booster, respectively), supporting the argument to use heterologous prime-boost vaccination to improve the protection against COVID-19 in a high-risk population. The mRNA-1273 vaccine, however, caused a higher frequency of adverse events than the CoronaVac vaccine. Nonetheless, the adverse events were considered minor medical events and temporary as all subjects were not hospitalized and fully recovered. Of note, no breakthrough infection was observed during the follow-up to 12 weeks post-booster.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The heterologous prime-boost vaccination of healthcare workers with a single dose of the mRNA-1273 vaccine generated a significant elevation in humoral immune response towards RBD of SARS-CoV-2 and was associated with a higher frequency, but minor and transient, adverse events.</p>","PeriodicalId":51768,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/86/bf/cevr-11-209.PMC9200645.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40480119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Exploring interventions against COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the Philippines. 探索菲律宾针对 COVID-19 疫苗犹豫不决的干预措施。
IF 2.1 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-05-01 Epub Date: 2022-05-31 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2022.11.2.233
Dalmacito A Cordero
{"title":"Exploring interventions against COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the Philippines.","authors":"Dalmacito A Cordero","doi":"10.7774/cevr.2022.11.2.233","DOIUrl":"10.7774/cevr.2022.11.2.233","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51768,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/65/00/cevr-11-233.PMC9200656.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40480091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Epstein-Barr virus reactivation after COVID-19 vaccination in a young immunocompetent man: a case report. 一名免疫能力强的年轻男子接种COVID-19疫苗后爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒再激活:病例报告
IF 2.7 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-05-01 Epub Date: 2022-05-31 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2022.11.2.222
Astrid Herzum, Ilaria Trave, Federica D'Agostino, Martina Burlando, Emanuele Cozzani, Aurora Parodi

We present the case of a 24-year-old Caucasian man, who developed a scaly erythematous skin rash after the second dose of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination with Comirnaty (BNT162b2, BioNTech/Pfizer; Pfizer, New York, NY, USA) and proved positive for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) reactivation. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mRNA vaccines have been associated with an up-regulated T helper type 1-cell response, possibly favoring an immune system imbalance. Also, EBV reactivation has been postulated after COVID-19 vaccination, but only in the immunosuppressed. Noteworthy we report the first case of EBV viral reactivation associated with cutaneous manifestations in an immunocompetent patient after the COVID-19 vaccine.

我们报告了一名24岁白人男性的病例,他在第二剂Comirnaty (BNT162b2, BioNTech/Pfizer;辉瑞公司,纽约,纽约,美国),并被证明对eb病毒(EBV)再激活呈阳性。严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2 (SARS-CoV-2) mRNA疫苗与T辅助型1细胞反应上调有关,可能导致免疫系统失衡。此外,在COVID-19疫苗接种后,假设EBV再激活,但仅在免疫抑制者中。值得注意的是,我们报告了在接种COVID-19疫苗后免疫功能正常的患者中与皮肤表现相关的第一例EBV病毒再激活。
{"title":"Epstein-Barr virus reactivation after COVID-19 vaccination in a young immunocompetent man: a case report.","authors":"Astrid Herzum,&nbsp;Ilaria Trave,&nbsp;Federica D'Agostino,&nbsp;Martina Burlando,&nbsp;Emanuele Cozzani,&nbsp;Aurora Parodi","doi":"10.7774/cevr.2022.11.2.222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7774/cevr.2022.11.2.222","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present the case of a 24-year-old Caucasian man, who developed a scaly erythematous skin rash after the second dose of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination with Comirnaty (BNT162b2, BioNTech/Pfizer; Pfizer, New York, NY, USA) and proved positive for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) reactivation. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mRNA vaccines have been associated with an up-regulated T helper type 1-cell response, possibly favoring an immune system imbalance. Also, EBV reactivation has been postulated after COVID-19 vaccination, but only in the immunosuppressed. Noteworthy we report the first case of EBV viral reactivation associated with cutaneous manifestations in an immunocompetent patient after the COVID-19 vaccine.</p>","PeriodicalId":51768,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/75/d2/cevr-11-222.PMC9200649.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40480118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
SARS-CoV-2 vaccine challenge based on spike glycoprotein against several new variants. 基于刺突糖蛋白对几种新变体的SARS-CoV-2疫苗攻击。
IF 2.7 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-05-01 Epub Date: 2022-05-31 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2022.11.2.173
Rike Syahniar, Dayu Swasti Kharisma

The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has not ended, and several variants of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus continue to emerge. The emergence of new variants is worrying because higher transmission leads to spikes in infections, vaccine efforts, and other therapeutic developments. Existing literature reports that with new variants affecting vaccine efficacy, hospitalization and risk of a recurrent infection increase. In this review article, we describe the latest variants of SARS-CoV-2, and the impact of each new variant on the efficacy of the developed vaccines reported in the literature and findings. The report concludes that the emergence of a variant that completely evades the immune response and reduces neutralizing antibodies.

2019年冠状病毒病大流行尚未结束,严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2 (SARS-CoV-2)的几种变体继续出现。新变种的出现令人担忧,因为更高的传播率导致感染、疫苗工作和其他治疗发展的高峰。现有文献报道,随着新的变异影响疫苗效力,住院和复发感染的风险增加。在这篇综述文章中,我们描述了SARS-CoV-2的最新变种,以及每种新变种对文献和研究结果中报道的已开发疫苗效力的影响。该报告的结论是,出现了一种完全逃避免疫反应并减少中和抗体的变体。
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引用次数: 1
Adult vaccine-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors in Turkey. 土耳其成人疫苗相关知识、态度和行为
IF 2.7 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-05-01 Epub Date: 2022-05-31 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2022.11.2.133
Sinem Aslan Karaoğlu, Beray Gelmez Taş, Dilek Toprak

Purpose: Adult vaccination, which is among the duties of family physicians, is an important issue that reduces morbidity and mortality. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of adults about adult vaccines.

Materials and methods: This study is a descriptive, cross-sectional research; which was performed by a questionnaire including sociodemographic data and questions about adult vaccination to the patients and their relatives who applied to Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital Family Medicine Polyclinics for any reason. Mean, standard deviation and chi-square tests were used for the analysis; p<0.05 was considered significant.

Results: The study included 182 people, 93 of them were women (51.1%) and 89 (48.9%) were men. The mean age was 32.9±12.8 years; most of them (n=144, 79.1%) were high educated and 38.5% were married. The most known vaccine was tetanus (n=154, 84.6%), the least known was zona vaccine (n=30, 16.5%). Health care professionals and television (n=60, 33%) were the most information sources about vaccines (n=78, 42.9%). Vaccination was mostly (26.9%) recommended by family physicians 144 (79.1%). The students had more knowledge about human papilloma virus (HPV), zoster, and measles, mumps, and rubella vaccines (p≤0.05), and mostly the information was got from internet and school (p≤0.05). As education status increased, knowledge about tetanus, hepatitis A, pneumonia, and HPV vaccines increased significantly, whereas only tetanus vaccination was performed in practice (p≤0.05). As the income increased, knowledge about pneumonia and HPV vaccines increased, but vaccination was not performed as expected.

Conclusion: Age, occupation, education, and income level are directly related to knowledge and attitudes about adult vaccination. Adult vaccines are still not known and performed enough in Turkey. It is important to encourage and increase the number of trainings via media on this subject.

目的:成人疫苗接种是家庭医生的职责之一,是降低发病率和死亡率的一个重要问题。本研究旨在评估成人对成人疫苗的知识、态度和行为。材料与方法:本研究为描述性、横断面研究;对以任何理由向Şişli Hamidiye Etfal培训和研究医院家庭医学综合诊所提出申请的患者及其亲属进行问卷调查,其中包括社会人口统计数据和成人疫苗接种问题。采用均数、标准差和卡方检验进行分析;结果:共纳入182例患者,其中女性93例(51.1%),男性89例(48.9%)。平均年龄32.9±12.8岁;其中大部分(n=144, 79.1%)受过高等教育,38.5%已婚。已知最多的疫苗是破伤风疫苗(n=154, 84.6%),最少的疫苗是带状疱疹疫苗(n=30, 16.5%)。卫生保健专业人员和电视(n=60, 33%)是疫苗信息的主要来源(n=78, 42.9%)。家庭医生推荐接种疫苗最多(26.9%)144例(79.1%)。学生对人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)、带状疱疹、麻疹、腮腺炎、风疹疫苗的了解程度较高(p≤0.05),主要来源于网络和学校(p≤0.05)。随着受教育程度的提高,破伤风、甲型肝炎、肺炎和人乳头瘤病毒疫苗的知识显著增加,而实践中仅接种破伤风疫苗(p≤0.05)。随着收入的增加,肺炎和人乳头瘤病毒疫苗的知识增加,但疫苗接种没有按照预期进行。结论:年龄、职业、文化程度、收入水平与成人疫苗接种知识和态度直接相关。在土耳其,成人疫苗仍然不为人所知,也没有得到足够的接种。重要的是要鼓励和增加通过媒体进行的关于这一主题的培训。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of precipitation time of the aluminum salts adsorbed potentially frozen vaccines used in the Polish National Immunization Schedule for their pre-qualification before the administration. 对波兰国家免疫计划中使用的铝盐吸附的潜在冷冻疫苗在给药前进行资格预审的沉淀时间进行评估。
IF 2.7 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-05-01 Epub Date: 2022-05-31 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2022.11.2.155
Paulina Górska, Małgorzata Główka, Katarzyna Woźnica, Aleksandra A Zasada

Purpose: Vaccines adsorbed on aluminum adjuvants irreversibly lose potency after freezing and their safety is affected. To prevent the administration of such vaccines, the World Health Organization developed the Shake Test designed to determine whether adsorbed vaccines have been frozen or not. However, the Shake Test is difficult and time-consuming when routinely conducted at the place of vaccination. In this study, a modified shake test for prequalification of potentially frozen vaccines was elaborated.

Materials and methods: Vaccines used in the Polish Immunization Schedule were investigated and the analysis includes an assessment of precipitation time and the influence of the container type, amount and type of aluminum compound, and a volume of vaccine dose on the precipitation time.

Results: Significant differences between the precipitation time of frozen and non-frozen vaccines routinely used in the Polish Immunization Schedule were observed. The precipitation time of all non-frozen vaccines was above 30 minutes. The longest precipitation time of frozen vaccines was 10 minutes.

Conclusion: The finding of the study can be used in practice by the personnel administering vaccines to patients. Step-by-step recommendations for the preparation of the test have been proposed in the article.

目的:吸附在铝佐剂上的疫苗在冷冻后不可逆地失去效力,影响其安全性。为了防止此类疫苗的使用,世界卫生组织制定了“震动试验”,旨在确定吸附疫苗是否已被冷冻。然而,在接种疫苗的地方常规进行摇晃试验是困难和耗时的。在本研究中,阐述了一种用于潜在冷冻疫苗资格预审的改进摇震试验。材料和方法:对《波兰免疫计划》中使用的疫苗进行了调查,分析了沉淀时间和容器类型、铝化合物的数量和类型以及疫苗剂量的体积对沉淀时间的影响。结果:观察到波兰免疫计划中常规使用的冷冻和非冷冻疫苗的沉淀时间存在显著差异。非冷冻疫苗的沉淀时间均在30min以上。冷冻疫苗的最长沉淀时间为10分钟。结论:本研究结果可为临床疫苗接种人员提供参考。文章中提出了准备测试的逐步建议。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research
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