Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2022.11.2.193
Emmanuel Lamptey, Ephraim Kumi Senkyire, Serwaa Dorcas, Dooshima Aki Benita, Evans Osei Boakye, Theckla Ikome, Alex Asamoah
Purpose: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine is the key to getting out of the pandemic. However, acceptance of the vaccine has been affected by false information and rumors, which have kept people from getting the shot since it was rolled out.
Materials and methods: This study aimed to investigate the various misconceptions surfaced about the COVID-19 vaccines in Africa. We performed an online survey using an anonymous questionnaire to reach out to African respondents by social media and all possible online platforms such as Facebook, WhatsApp, Instagram, Twitter, YouTube, and so forth. The web-based questionnaires about the myths surrounding the vaccines were extracted from nonscientific information, unproven statements, social media posts, news reports, and people's concerns about the safety of the COVID-19 vaccines. Participants indicated their level of agreement with each statement.
Results: A total of 2,500 people responded to the online survey in Africa. The two common myths that respondents agreed with were that "since vaccines for COVID-19 have been developed, we can make vaccines for the common cold, human immunodeficiency viruses, and other diseases" (n=892, 35.7%) and that "researchers rushed the development of the COVID-19 vaccines; therefore, it is not very effective, safe and cannot be trusted" (n=595, 23.8%). The range of respondents who neither agreed nor disagreed with these myths was 12.4%-33.0%. The majority (1,931, 77.2%) indicated disagreement with the statement "after getting the COVID-19 vaccine, one can stop wearing a mask as well as taking safety precautions."
Conclusion: Myths surrounding the COVID-19 vaccines have impact on acceptance. Exploring them helps public health authorities in Africa dispel them and provide accurate information to promote vaccination campaigns, education, and acceptance.
{"title":"Exploring the myths surrounding the COVID-19 vaccines in Africa: the study to investigate their impacts on acceptance using online survey and social media.","authors":"Emmanuel Lamptey, Ephraim Kumi Senkyire, Serwaa Dorcas, Dooshima Aki Benita, Evans Osei Boakye, Theckla Ikome, Alex Asamoah","doi":"10.7774/cevr.2022.11.2.193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7774/cevr.2022.11.2.193","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine is the key to getting out of the pandemic. However, acceptance of the vaccine has been affected by false information and rumors, which have kept people from getting the shot since it was rolled out.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the various misconceptions surfaced about the COVID-19 vaccines in Africa. We performed an online survey using an anonymous questionnaire to reach out to African respondents by social media and all possible online platforms such as Facebook, WhatsApp, Instagram, Twitter, YouTube, and so forth. The web-based questionnaires about the myths surrounding the vaccines were extracted from nonscientific information, unproven statements, social media posts, news reports, and people's concerns about the safety of the COVID-19 vaccines. Participants indicated their level of agreement with each statement.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 2,500 people responded to the online survey in Africa. The two common myths that respondents agreed with were that \"since vaccines for COVID-19 have been developed, we can make vaccines for the common cold, human immunodeficiency viruses, and other diseases\" (n=892, 35.7%) and that \"researchers rushed the development of the COVID-19 vaccines; therefore, it is not very effective, safe and cannot be trusted\" (n=595, 23.8%). The range of respondents who neither agreed nor disagreed with these myths was 12.4%-33.0%. The majority (1,931, 77.2%) indicated disagreement with the statement \"after getting the COVID-19 vaccine, one can stop wearing a mask as well as taking safety precautions.\"</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Myths surrounding the COVID-19 vaccines have impact on acceptance. Exploring them helps public health authorities in Africa dispel them and provide accurate information to promote vaccination campaigns, education, and acceptance.</p>","PeriodicalId":51768,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ec/9f/cevr-11-193.PMC9200652.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10491293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2022.11.2.217
Hamze Shahali, Ramin Hamidi Farahani, Ali Asgari, Ebrahim Hazrati
Lacunar strokes occur when a branch of a large cerebral artery is blocked. The thalamus is often affected, causing uncontrollable motions. A 72-year-old previously healthy man presented with involuntary motions in the right limbs, which were present at rest, and exacerbated during voluntary actions. He had received the first dose of the adenoviral vector-based coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) 9 days ago. Severe thrombocytopenia and elevated levels of lactate dehydrogenase, ferritin, C-reactive protein, and D-dimer were found, without any evidence of connective tissue disease. Electromyography demonstrated typical choreiform movements, and the brain magnetic resonance imaging indicated a small high signal lesion on the left side of the thalamus. Detection of the immunoglobulin G antibodies against platelet factor 4 in the blood, negative heparin-induced platelet activation (HIPA) test, and positive modified HIPA test confirmed the thalamic stroke due to the vaccine-induced prothrombotic immune thrombocytopenia (VIPIT). He was admitted to the intensive care unit and received nadroparin, sodium ozagrel, edaravone, methylprednisolone, and haloperidol. His hemi-chorea improved gradually over 2 weeks, and he was discharged after 21 days with rehabilitation advice. VIPIT due to the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 is a novel immune-mediated response that needs clinicians' awareness and further investigations.
{"title":"Thalamic hemi-chorea: a rare complication after receiving the adenoviral vector-based COVID-19 vaccine: a case report.","authors":"Hamze Shahali, Ramin Hamidi Farahani, Ali Asgari, Ebrahim Hazrati","doi":"10.7774/cevr.2022.11.2.217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7774/cevr.2022.11.2.217","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lacunar strokes occur when a branch of a large cerebral artery is blocked. The thalamus is often affected, causing uncontrollable motions. A 72-year-old previously healthy man presented with involuntary motions in the right limbs, which were present at rest, and exacerbated during voluntary actions. He had received the first dose of the adenoviral vector-based coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) 9 days ago. Severe thrombocytopenia and elevated levels of lactate dehydrogenase, ferritin, C-reactive protein, and D-dimer were found, without any evidence of connective tissue disease. Electromyography demonstrated typical choreiform movements, and the brain magnetic resonance imaging indicated a small high signal lesion on the left side of the thalamus. Detection of the immunoglobulin G antibodies against platelet factor 4 in the blood, negative heparin-induced platelet activation (HIPA) test, and positive modified HIPA test confirmed the thalamic stroke due to the vaccine-induced prothrombotic immune thrombocytopenia (VIPIT). He was admitted to the intensive care unit and received nadroparin, sodium ozagrel, edaravone, methylprednisolone, and haloperidol. His hemi-chorea improved gradually over 2 weeks, and he was discharged after 21 days with rehabilitation advice. VIPIT due to the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 is a novel immune-mediated response that needs clinicians' awareness and further investigations.</p>","PeriodicalId":51768,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d2/16/cevr-11-217.PMC9200646.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10775563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01Epub Date: 2022-05-31DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2022.11.2.141
Tofan Widya Utami, Andrijono Andrijono, Andi Putra, Junita Indarti, Gert Fleuren, Ekaterina Jordanova, Inas Humairah, Ahmad Utomo
Purpose: Human papillomavirus (HPV) genotype and age distribution of HPV infection were crucial for the national vaccination and screening program planning. However, there was a limited study providing these data in the normal cervix population. This study aimed to explore the HPV genotypes profile of women with clinically normal cervix based on Visual Inspection of Acetic Acid (VIA) test.
Materials and methods: A 7-year cross-sectional study was conducted from 2012 to 2018 in private and public health care centers in Jakarta. Subjects were recruited consecutively. Data were collected by anamnesis, VIA, and HPV DNA test using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR; SPF10-DEIA-LiPA25) method. HPV genotyping procedures include DNA extraction, PCR (SPF10-DEIA-LiPA25) using the HPV XpressMatrix kit (PT KalGen DNA, East Jakarta, Indonesia), and hybridization. The IBM SPSS ver. 20.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) were used to analyze the data.
Results: A total of 1,397 subjects were collected. Positive HPV-DNA tests were found in 52 subjects (3.7%); 67% were single and 33% were multiple HPV infections. HPV 52 was the most frequently detected HPV genotype, followed by HPV 39, 16, 18 74, 44, 31, 54, and 66, respectively. The highest HPV infections in this population were in the 31-40 and 41-50 years old group.
Conclusion: This study suggested beneficial screening for women aged 31-50 years old. Instead of "original" nonavalent (HPV 16, 18, 6, 11, 31, 33, 45, 52, 58), the different "nonavalent" formula for HPV vaccines protecting against HPV 16, 18, 6, 11, 31, 39, 44, 52, 74 might be useful for Indonesian population. However, further multicenter studies with a huge sample size are still needed.
目的:人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)的基因型和年龄分布对国家疫苗接种和筛查规划具有重要意义。然而,在正常子宫颈人群中提供这些数据的研究有限。本研究旨在探讨临床宫颈正常妇女的HPV基因型,基于醋酸目视检查(VIA)试验。材料和方法:2012年至2018年,在雅加达的私人和公共卫生保健中心进行了一项为期7年的横断面研究。受试者被连续招募。通过记忆、VIA和HPV DNA检测收集数据,采用聚合酶链反应(PCR;SPF10-DEIA-LiPA25)方法。HPV基因分型程序包括DNA提取,使用HPV XpressMatrix试剂盒(PT KalGen DNA, East Jakarta, Indonesia)进行PCR (SPF10-DEIA-LiPA25)和杂交。IBM SPSS软件。20.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA)进行数据分析。结果:共收集1397名受试者。HPV-DNA检测阳性52例(3.7%);67%为单一HPV感染,33%为多重HPV感染。HPV 52是最常见的HPV基因型,其次是HPV 39、16、18 74、44、31、54和66。该人群中HPV感染率最高的是31-40岁和41-50岁年龄组。结论:本研究建议对31-50岁的女性进行有益的筛查。替代“原始”非价型(HPV 16、18、6、11、31、33、45、52、58),不同的“非价型”HPV疫苗配方保护HPV 16、18、6、11、31、39、44、52、74可能对印度尼西亚人口有用。然而,仍需要进一步的多中心大样本量研究。
{"title":"Possible different genotypes for human papillomavirus vaccination in lower middle-income countries towards cervical cancer elimination in 2030: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Tofan Widya Utami, Andrijono Andrijono, Andi Putra, Junita Indarti, Gert Fleuren, Ekaterina Jordanova, Inas Humairah, Ahmad Utomo","doi":"10.7774/cevr.2022.11.2.141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7774/cevr.2022.11.2.141","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Human papillomavirus (HPV) genotype and age distribution of HPV infection were crucial for the national vaccination and screening program planning. However, there was a limited study providing these data in the normal cervix population. This study aimed to explore the HPV genotypes profile of women with clinically normal cervix based on Visual Inspection of Acetic Acid (VIA) test.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A 7-year cross-sectional study was conducted from 2012 to 2018 in private and public health care centers in Jakarta. Subjects were recruited consecutively. Data were collected by anamnesis, VIA, and HPV DNA test using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR; SPF10-DEIA-LiPA25) method. HPV genotyping procedures include DNA extraction, PCR (SPF10-DEIA-LiPA25) using the HPV XpressMatrix kit (PT KalGen DNA, East Jakarta, Indonesia), and hybridization. The IBM SPSS ver. 20.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) were used to analyze the data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1,397 subjects were collected. Positive HPV-DNA tests were found in 52 subjects (3.7%); 67% were single and 33% were multiple HPV infections. HPV 52 was the most frequently detected HPV genotype, followed by HPV 39, 16, 18 74, 44, 31, 54, and 66, respectively. The highest HPV infections in this population were in the 31-40 and 41-50 years old group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study suggested beneficial screening for women aged 31-50 years old. Instead of \"original\" nonavalent (HPV 16, 18, 6, 11, 31, 33, 45, 52, 58), the different \"nonavalent\" formula for HPV vaccines protecting against HPV 16, 18, 6, 11, 31, 39, 44, 52, 74 might be useful for Indonesian population. However, further multicenter studies with a huge sample size are still needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":51768,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/3e/11/cevr-11-141.PMC9200657.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40480115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01Epub Date: 2022-05-31DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2022.11.2.184
Sarasa Meenakshi, V Udaya Kumar, Sameer Dhingra, Krishna Murti
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic revolutionized the vaccine market and initiated the momentum for alternative routes of administration for vaccines. The intranasal route of immunization is one such possibility that appears to be the most promising since it has some significant advantages, particularly in the prevention of respiratory infection. To analyze and summarize the role of nasal vaccines over conventional vaccines during COVID-19 and the need for the nasal vaccine as a booster shot. In this narrative review, the required data was retrieved using keywords "COVID-19," "Intranasal," "Immunity," "Nasal spray," and "Mucosal" in databases including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Science Direct, and Web of Sciences. The results of the study showed that the nasal vaccines were both effective and protective according to the current researches approaching during the COVID-19 period and the preclinical and clinical phase trials prove the intranasal vaccination elicits more robust and cross-protective immunity than conventional vaccines. In this narrative review article, mechanisms across the nasal mucosa will be briefly presented and the current status of nasal vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic is summarized, and advantages over traditional vaccines are provided. Furthermore, after exploring the primary benefits and kinetics of nasal vaccine, the potential for consideration of nasal vaccine as a booster dose is also discussed.
2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)大流行彻底改变了疫苗市场,并开启了疫苗替代给药途径的势头。鼻内免疫途径似乎是最有希望的一种可能性,因为它具有一些显著的优势,特别是在预防呼吸道感染方面。分析总结新型冠状病毒肺炎期间鼻用疫苗相对于传统疫苗的作用,以及鼻用疫苗作为加强剂的必要性。在这篇叙述性综述中,使用关键词“COVID-19”、“鼻内”、“免疫”、“鼻喷雾剂”和“粘膜”在PubMed、Scopus、Embase、Science Direct和Web of Sciences等数据库中检索所需的数据。本研究结果表明,根据目前即将进入新冠肺炎时期的研究情况,鼻用疫苗既有效又具有保护性,临床前和临床阶段的试验证明,鼻用疫苗比常规疫苗具有更强的交叉保护性免疫。本文将简要介绍新冠肺炎大流行期间鼻用疫苗的作用机制,总结鼻用疫苗的研究现状,并介绍其相对于传统疫苗的优势。此外,在探讨了鼻用疫苗的主要益处和动力学之后,还讨论了考虑将鼻用疫苗作为加强剂的可能性。
{"title":"Nasal vaccine as a booster shot: a viable solution to restrict pandemic?","authors":"Sarasa Meenakshi, V Udaya Kumar, Sameer Dhingra, Krishna Murti","doi":"10.7774/cevr.2022.11.2.184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7774/cevr.2022.11.2.184","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic revolutionized the vaccine market and initiated the momentum for alternative routes of administration for vaccines. The intranasal route of immunization is one such possibility that appears to be the most promising since it has some significant advantages, particularly in the prevention of respiratory infection. To analyze and summarize the role of nasal vaccines over conventional vaccines during COVID-19 and the need for the nasal vaccine as a booster shot. In this narrative review, the required data was retrieved using keywords \"COVID-19,\" \"Intranasal,\" \"Immunity,\" \"Nasal spray,\" and \"Mucosal\" in databases including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Science Direct, and Web of Sciences. The results of the study showed that the nasal vaccines were both effective and protective according to the current researches approaching during the COVID-19 period and the preclinical and clinical phase trials prove the intranasal vaccination elicits more robust and cross-protective immunity than conventional vaccines. In this narrative review article, mechanisms across the nasal mucosa will be briefly presented and the current status of nasal vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic is summarized, and advantages over traditional vaccines are provided. Furthermore, after exploring the primary benefits and kinetics of nasal vaccine, the potential for consideration of nasal vaccine as a booster dose is also discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":51768,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/dd/af/cevr-11-184.PMC9200647.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40480117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01Epub Date: 2022-05-31DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2022.11.2.209
Theresia Santi, Veli Sungono, Lina Kamarga, Baringin De Samakto, Ferry Hidayat, Feronica Kusuma Hidayat, Magy Satolom, Anita Permana, Irawan Yusuf, Ivet Marita Suriapranata, Juandy Jo
Purpose: This study was performed to investigate humoral immune response and adverse events upon the heterologous prime-boost with a single dose of the mRNA-1273 vaccine among fully CoronaVac-vaccinated, infection-naïve healthcare workers in Indonesia.
Materials and methods: One hundred twenty-five eligible healthcare workers were recruited from one hospital for this prospective cohort study. Blood collection was conducted twice, i.e., on 7 days before and 28 days after the booster vaccination. The titer of anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) antibodies was quantified accordingly. The post-vaccination adverse event was recorded for both CoronaVac and mRNA-1273 vaccinations. Any breakthrough infection was monitored during the follow-up period. Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test was used to test differences between groups.
Results: A significant increase was observed in the titer of anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD antibodies upon receiving the mRNA-1273 booster (geometric mean titers of 65.57 and 47,445 U/mL in pre- and post-booster, respectively), supporting the argument to use heterologous prime-boost vaccination to improve the protection against COVID-19 in a high-risk population. The mRNA-1273 vaccine, however, caused a higher frequency of adverse events than the CoronaVac vaccine. Nonetheless, the adverse events were considered minor medical events and temporary as all subjects were not hospitalized and fully recovered. Of note, no breakthrough infection was observed during the follow-up to 12 weeks post-booster.
Conclusion: The heterologous prime-boost vaccination of healthcare workers with a single dose of the mRNA-1273 vaccine generated a significant elevation in humoral immune response towards RBD of SARS-CoV-2 and was associated with a higher frequency, but minor and transient, adverse events.
{"title":"Heterologous prime-boost with the mRNA-1273 vaccine among CoronaVac-vaccinated healthcare workers in Indonesia.","authors":"Theresia Santi, Veli Sungono, Lina Kamarga, Baringin De Samakto, Ferry Hidayat, Feronica Kusuma Hidayat, Magy Satolom, Anita Permana, Irawan Yusuf, Ivet Marita Suriapranata, Juandy Jo","doi":"10.7774/cevr.2022.11.2.209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7774/cevr.2022.11.2.209","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study was performed to investigate humoral immune response and adverse events upon the heterologous prime-boost with a single dose of the mRNA-1273 vaccine among fully CoronaVac-vaccinated, infection-naïve healthcare workers in Indonesia.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>One hundred twenty-five eligible healthcare workers were recruited from one hospital for this prospective cohort study. Blood collection was conducted twice, i.e., on 7 days before and 28 days after the booster vaccination. The titer of anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) antibodies was quantified accordingly. The post-vaccination adverse event was recorded for both CoronaVac and mRNA-1273 vaccinations. Any breakthrough infection was monitored during the follow-up period. Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test was used to test differences between groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significant increase was observed in the titer of anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD antibodies upon receiving the mRNA-1273 booster (geometric mean titers of 65.57 and 47,445 U/mL in pre- and post-booster, respectively), supporting the argument to use heterologous prime-boost vaccination to improve the protection against COVID-19 in a high-risk population. The mRNA-1273 vaccine, however, caused a higher frequency of adverse events than the CoronaVac vaccine. Nonetheless, the adverse events were considered minor medical events and temporary as all subjects were not hospitalized and fully recovered. Of note, no breakthrough infection was observed during the follow-up to 12 weeks post-booster.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The heterologous prime-boost vaccination of healthcare workers with a single dose of the mRNA-1273 vaccine generated a significant elevation in humoral immune response towards RBD of SARS-CoV-2 and was associated with a higher frequency, but minor and transient, adverse events.</p>","PeriodicalId":51768,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/86/bf/cevr-11-209.PMC9200645.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40480119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01Epub Date: 2022-05-31DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2022.11.2.233
Dalmacito A Cordero
{"title":"Exploring interventions against COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the Philippines.","authors":"Dalmacito A Cordero","doi":"10.7774/cevr.2022.11.2.233","DOIUrl":"10.7774/cevr.2022.11.2.233","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51768,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/65/00/cevr-11-233.PMC9200656.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40480091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01Epub Date: 2022-05-31DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2022.11.2.222
Astrid Herzum, Ilaria Trave, Federica D'Agostino, Martina Burlando, Emanuele Cozzani, Aurora Parodi
We present the case of a 24-year-old Caucasian man, who developed a scaly erythematous skin rash after the second dose of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination with Comirnaty (BNT162b2, BioNTech/Pfizer; Pfizer, New York, NY, USA) and proved positive for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) reactivation. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mRNA vaccines have been associated with an up-regulated T helper type 1-cell response, possibly favoring an immune system imbalance. Also, EBV reactivation has been postulated after COVID-19 vaccination, but only in the immunosuppressed. Noteworthy we report the first case of EBV viral reactivation associated with cutaneous manifestations in an immunocompetent patient after the COVID-19 vaccine.
{"title":"Epstein-Barr virus reactivation after COVID-19 vaccination in a young immunocompetent man: a case report.","authors":"Astrid Herzum, Ilaria Trave, Federica D'Agostino, Martina Burlando, Emanuele Cozzani, Aurora Parodi","doi":"10.7774/cevr.2022.11.2.222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7774/cevr.2022.11.2.222","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present the case of a 24-year-old Caucasian man, who developed a scaly erythematous skin rash after the second dose of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination with Comirnaty (BNT162b2, BioNTech/Pfizer; Pfizer, New York, NY, USA) and proved positive for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) reactivation. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mRNA vaccines have been associated with an up-regulated T helper type 1-cell response, possibly favoring an immune system imbalance. Also, EBV reactivation has been postulated after COVID-19 vaccination, but only in the immunosuppressed. Noteworthy we report the first case of EBV viral reactivation associated with cutaneous manifestations in an immunocompetent patient after the COVID-19 vaccine.</p>","PeriodicalId":51768,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/75/d2/cevr-11-222.PMC9200649.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40480118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01Epub Date: 2022-05-31DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2022.11.2.173
Rike Syahniar, Dayu Swasti Kharisma
The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has not ended, and several variants of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus continue to emerge. The emergence of new variants is worrying because higher transmission leads to spikes in infections, vaccine efforts, and other therapeutic developments. Existing literature reports that with new variants affecting vaccine efficacy, hospitalization and risk of a recurrent infection increase. In this review article, we describe the latest variants of SARS-CoV-2, and the impact of each new variant on the efficacy of the developed vaccines reported in the literature and findings. The report concludes that the emergence of a variant that completely evades the immune response and reduces neutralizing antibodies.
{"title":"SARS-CoV-2 vaccine challenge based on spike glycoprotein against several new variants.","authors":"Rike Syahniar, Dayu Swasti Kharisma","doi":"10.7774/cevr.2022.11.2.173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7774/cevr.2022.11.2.173","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has not ended, and several variants of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus continue to emerge. The emergence of new variants is worrying because higher transmission leads to spikes in infections, vaccine efforts, and other therapeutic developments. Existing literature reports that with new variants affecting vaccine efficacy, hospitalization and risk of a recurrent infection increase. In this review article, we describe the latest variants of SARS-CoV-2, and the impact of each new variant on the efficacy of the developed vaccines reported in the literature and findings. The report concludes that the emergence of a variant that completely evades the immune response and reduces neutralizing antibodies.</p>","PeriodicalId":51768,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/47/4c/cevr-11-173.PMC9200648.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40480093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01Epub Date: 2022-05-31DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2022.11.2.133
Sinem Aslan Karaoğlu, Beray Gelmez Taş, Dilek Toprak
Purpose: Adult vaccination, which is among the duties of family physicians, is an important issue that reduces morbidity and mortality. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of adults about adult vaccines.
Materials and methods: This study is a descriptive, cross-sectional research; which was performed by a questionnaire including sociodemographic data and questions about adult vaccination to the patients and their relatives who applied to Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital Family Medicine Polyclinics for any reason. Mean, standard deviation and chi-square tests were used for the analysis; p<0.05 was considered significant.
Results: The study included 182 people, 93 of them were women (51.1%) and 89 (48.9%) were men. The mean age was 32.9±12.8 years; most of them (n=144, 79.1%) were high educated and 38.5% were married. The most known vaccine was tetanus (n=154, 84.6%), the least known was zona vaccine (n=30, 16.5%). Health care professionals and television (n=60, 33%) were the most information sources about vaccines (n=78, 42.9%). Vaccination was mostly (26.9%) recommended by family physicians 144 (79.1%). The students had more knowledge about human papilloma virus (HPV), zoster, and measles, mumps, and rubella vaccines (p≤0.05), and mostly the information was got from internet and school (p≤0.05). As education status increased, knowledge about tetanus, hepatitis A, pneumonia, and HPV vaccines increased significantly, whereas only tetanus vaccination was performed in practice (p≤0.05). As the income increased, knowledge about pneumonia and HPV vaccines increased, but vaccination was not performed as expected.
Conclusion: Age, occupation, education, and income level are directly related to knowledge and attitudes about adult vaccination. Adult vaccines are still not known and performed enough in Turkey. It is important to encourage and increase the number of trainings via media on this subject.
{"title":"Adult vaccine-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors in Turkey.","authors":"Sinem Aslan Karaoğlu, Beray Gelmez Taş, Dilek Toprak","doi":"10.7774/cevr.2022.11.2.133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7774/cevr.2022.11.2.133","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Adult vaccination, which is among the duties of family physicians, is an important issue that reduces morbidity and mortality. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of adults about adult vaccines.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This study is a descriptive, cross-sectional research; which was performed by a questionnaire including sociodemographic data and questions about adult vaccination to the patients and their relatives who applied to Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital Family Medicine Polyclinics for any reason. Mean, standard deviation and chi-square tests were used for the analysis; p<0.05 was considered significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 182 people, 93 of them were women (51.1%) and 89 (48.9%) were men. The mean age was 32.9±12.8 years; most of them (n=144, 79.1%) were high educated and 38.5% were married. The most known vaccine was tetanus (n=154, 84.6%), the least known was zona vaccine (n=30, 16.5%). Health care professionals and television (n=60, 33%) were the most information sources about vaccines (n=78, 42.9%). Vaccination was mostly (26.9%) recommended by family physicians 144 (79.1%). The students had more knowledge about human papilloma virus (HPV), zoster, and measles, mumps, and rubella vaccines (p≤0.05), and mostly the information was got from internet and school (p≤0.05). As education status increased, knowledge about tetanus, hepatitis A, pneumonia, and HPV vaccines increased significantly, whereas only tetanus vaccination was performed in practice (p≤0.05). As the income increased, knowledge about pneumonia and HPV vaccines increased, but vaccination was not performed as expected.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Age, occupation, education, and income level are directly related to knowledge and attitudes about adult vaccination. Adult vaccines are still not known and performed enough in Turkey. It is important to encourage and increase the number of trainings via media on this subject.</p>","PeriodicalId":51768,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/45/94/cevr-11-133.PMC9200644.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40480092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01Epub Date: 2022-05-31DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2022.11.2.155
Paulina Górska, Małgorzata Główka, Katarzyna Woźnica, Aleksandra A Zasada
Purpose: Vaccines adsorbed on aluminum adjuvants irreversibly lose potency after freezing and their safety is affected. To prevent the administration of such vaccines, the World Health Organization developed the Shake Test designed to determine whether adsorbed vaccines have been frozen or not. However, the Shake Test is difficult and time-consuming when routinely conducted at the place of vaccination. In this study, a modified shake test for prequalification of potentially frozen vaccines was elaborated.
Materials and methods: Vaccines used in the Polish Immunization Schedule were investigated and the analysis includes an assessment of precipitation time and the influence of the container type, amount and type of aluminum compound, and a volume of vaccine dose on the precipitation time.
Results: Significant differences between the precipitation time of frozen and non-frozen vaccines routinely used in the Polish Immunization Schedule were observed. The precipitation time of all non-frozen vaccines was above 30 minutes. The longest precipitation time of frozen vaccines was 10 minutes.
Conclusion: The finding of the study can be used in practice by the personnel administering vaccines to patients. Step-by-step recommendations for the preparation of the test have been proposed in the article.
{"title":"Evaluation of precipitation time of the aluminum salts adsorbed potentially frozen vaccines used in the Polish National Immunization Schedule for their pre-qualification before the administration.","authors":"Paulina Górska, Małgorzata Główka, Katarzyna Woźnica, Aleksandra A Zasada","doi":"10.7774/cevr.2022.11.2.155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7774/cevr.2022.11.2.155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Vaccines adsorbed on aluminum adjuvants irreversibly lose potency after freezing and their safety is affected. To prevent the administration of such vaccines, the World Health Organization developed the Shake Test designed to determine whether adsorbed vaccines have been frozen or not. However, the Shake Test is difficult and time-consuming when routinely conducted at the place of vaccination. In this study, a modified shake test for prequalification of potentially frozen vaccines was elaborated.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Vaccines used in the Polish Immunization Schedule were investigated and the analysis includes an assessment of precipitation time and the influence of the container type, amount and type of aluminum compound, and a volume of vaccine dose on the precipitation time.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant differences between the precipitation time of frozen and non-frozen vaccines routinely used in the Polish Immunization Schedule were observed. The precipitation time of all non-frozen vaccines was above 30 minutes. The longest precipitation time of frozen vaccines was 10 minutes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The finding of the study can be used in practice by the personnel administering vaccines to patients. Step-by-step recommendations for the preparation of the test have been proposed in the article.</p>","PeriodicalId":51768,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/47/d4/cevr-11-155.PMC9200651.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40480095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}