Pub Date : 2017-07-03DOI: 10.2174/1573400513666170127093925
Saeed Ahmed, A. Kaur, Hema Venigalla, H. Mekala, Navjot Brainch, S. Ayub, Mudasar Hassan
The increasing number of people living with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) constitutes a growing global concern. At present, nearly 44 million people suffer from AD worldwide, and these numbers are expected almost to double every 20 years. Given its high prevalence and growing incidence, AD is one of the top causes of disabilities in later life, and this takes an enormous toll on the caregivers. It is tremendously important to explore new ways of understanding AD, as this may improve the management of this growing medical, socioeconomic, and public health care burden. Evidence suggests that AD may evolve through the unique process of ‘retro-genesis’; a decline that mirrors, in reverse order, brain development that occurs from birth. The retro-genesis hypothesis distinguishes distinct stages, each one linked to levels of cognitive functioning in developing children. The understanding of clinical correlations and practical applications of retro-genesis theory may help caregivers to recognize different stages of AD, and to provide better care with less burden.
{"title":"The Retrogenesis Model in Alzheimer’s Disease: Evidence and Pract ical Applications","authors":"Saeed Ahmed, A. Kaur, Hema Venigalla, H. Mekala, Navjot Brainch, S. Ayub, Mudasar Hassan","doi":"10.2174/1573400513666170127093925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1573400513666170127093925","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing number of people living with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) constitutes a growing global concern. At present, nearly 44 million people suffer from AD worldwide, and these numbers are expected almost to double every 20 years. Given its high prevalence and growing incidence, AD is one of the top causes of disabilities in later life, and this takes an enormous toll on the caregivers. It is tremendously important to explore new ways of understanding AD, as this may improve the management of this growing medical, socioeconomic, and public health care burden. Evidence suggests that AD may evolve through the unique process of ‘retro-genesis’; a decline that mirrors, in reverse order, brain development that occurs from birth. The retro-genesis hypothesis distinguishes distinct stages, each one linked to levels of cognitive functioning in developing children. The understanding of clinical correlations and practical applications of retro-genesis theory may help caregivers to recognize different stages of AD, and to provide better care with less burden.","PeriodicalId":51774,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47939547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-03DOI: 10.2174/1573400513666161108105410
Paula Marcus
{"title":"Integrating behavioral health into a transplantation service-one institution’s approach","authors":"Paula Marcus","doi":"10.2174/1573400513666161108105410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1573400513666161108105410","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51774,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43504036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-31DOI: 10.2174/1573400513999170614104126
A. Pentaraki
{"title":"EDITORIAL: Theory of Mind and Mental Health: What the Evidence Suggests so Far?","authors":"A. Pentaraki","doi":"10.2174/1573400513999170614104126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1573400513999170614104126","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51774,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2174/1573400513999170614104126","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49178179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-31DOI: 10.2174/1573400513666170502125458
S. Surguladze, N. Jaafari, G. Chikovani
Empathy is one of essential attributes underlying social interactions. Empathic skills have been associated with the ability to accurately recognise facial emotions. Importantly, both lack and excess of empathy have been related to suboptimal mental health. Empathy deficits have been found to underlie social interaction difficulties in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Personality disorder. On the other hand, it has been shown that the individuals with high empathy may become vulnerable to emotional burnout. In particular, empathic distress has been described in mental health professionals and carers. The question arises – are the findings of empathic distress in caregivers pertinent to the vulnerability to emotional disorders in general? In this review we will consider current models of empathy and discuss potential links between characteristics of empathy and emotion processing that may be relevant to mental health.
{"title":"Empathy and Burnout: Implications for those who Care","authors":"S. Surguladze, N. Jaafari, G. Chikovani","doi":"10.2174/1573400513666170502125458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1573400513666170502125458","url":null,"abstract":"Empathy is one of essential attributes underlying social interactions. Empathic skills have been associated with the ability to accurately recognise facial emotions. Importantly, both lack and excess of empathy have been related to suboptimal mental health. Empathy deficits have been found to underlie social interaction difficulties in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Personality disorder. On the other hand, it has been shown that the individuals with high empathy may become vulnerable to emotional burnout. In particular, empathic distress has been described in mental health professionals and carers. The question arises – are the findings of empathic distress in caregivers pertinent to the vulnerability to emotional disorders in general? In this review we will consider current models of empathy and discuss potential links between characteristics of empathy and emotion processing that may be relevant to mental health.","PeriodicalId":51774,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46926089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-31DOI: 10.2174/1573400513666170404125254
Jay M. Weiss and Katherine A. Boss-Williams
{"title":"The Hyperactive Rat: An Animal Model for Bipolar Disorder","authors":"Jay M. Weiss and Katherine A. Boss-Williams","doi":"10.2174/1573400513666170404125254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1573400513666170404125254","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51774,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2174/1573400513666170404125254","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44135306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-31DOI: 10.2174/1573400513666170502125017
N. Vyas, Yi Wang, S. S. Vyas, E. Killackey, T. Haugland, R. Chan
Theory of mind deficit is a core feature of schizophrenia and is considered a vulnerability marker of the disorder. The majority of studies measuring theory of mind in schizophrenia involve multiple-episode or chronic schizophrenia patients, and therefore it is important to delineate whether these deficits occur before or following illness-onset by assessing high-risk subjects (clinical high risk and ultra-high risk), early-onset psychosis, and first-degree relatives. We address the question of whether theory of mind impairment is specific or a facet of general cognitive impairment in these clinical populations, and incorporate genetic and neuroimaging studies on theory of mind. The review provides a succinct evaluation of the literature, discuss current limitations and propose future directions.
{"title":"Theory of Mind in the Early Course of Schizophrenia","authors":"N. Vyas, Yi Wang, S. S. Vyas, E. Killackey, T. Haugland, R. Chan","doi":"10.2174/1573400513666170502125017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1573400513666170502125017","url":null,"abstract":"Theory of mind deficit is a core feature of schizophrenia and is considered a vulnerability marker of the disorder. The majority of studies measuring theory of mind in schizophrenia involve multiple-episode or chronic schizophrenia patients, and therefore it is important to delineate whether these deficits occur before or following illness-onset by assessing high-risk subjects (clinical high risk and ultra-high risk), early-onset psychosis, and first-degree relatives. We address the question of whether theory of mind impairment is specific or a facet of general cognitive impairment in these clinical populations, and incorporate genetic and neuroimaging studies on theory of mind. The review provides a succinct evaluation of the literature, discuss current limitations and propose future directions.","PeriodicalId":51774,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46034282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-31DOI: 10.2174/1573400513666170503115212
H. Schlinger
{"title":"Theory of Mind is Just Behavior","authors":"H. Schlinger","doi":"10.2174/1573400513666170503115212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1573400513666170503115212","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51774,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43591492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-31DOI: 10.2174/1573400513666170502123214
Peter K. Smith
{"title":"Bullying and Theory of Mind: A Review","authors":"Peter K. Smith","doi":"10.2174/1573400513666170502123214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1573400513666170502123214","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51774,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44928090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-02-28DOI: 10.2174/1573400513666170111160134
O. Alpert, M. Vetter, Shireen F. Cama, Hsiang-Yin Huang
Heart transplantation in children has revolutionized the care of young patients with congenital and acquired heart disease, with considerable improvements in survival and quality of life. Heart transplantation is now being offered as a potentially life-saving option to pediatric patients with many cardiac conditions, and yet the major limiting factor remains the lack of suitable donor hearts. Transplant teams and UNOS (the United Network for Organ Sharing) must attempt the formidable task of balancing the needs of an individual patient with a responsibility to determine the best use of a donor heart and promote equitable donor allocation. These issues become even more salient when the transplant candidate is a child with intellectual disability (ID) or neurodevelopmental delay (NDD). In this paper, we review the literature on the clinical practice and ethical considerations surrounding heart transplantation in children, with a focus on those with ID or NDD. We also review our experience at a major center for pediatric heart transplantation.
{"title":"Neurodevelopmental Delay and Intellectual Disability in Pediatric Heart Transplant","authors":"O. Alpert, M. Vetter, Shireen F. Cama, Hsiang-Yin Huang","doi":"10.2174/1573400513666170111160134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1573400513666170111160134","url":null,"abstract":"Heart transplantation in children has revolutionized the care of young patients with congenital and acquired heart disease, with considerable improvements in survival and quality of life. Heart transplantation is now being offered as a potentially life-saving option to pediatric patients with many cardiac conditions, and yet the major limiting factor remains the lack of suitable donor hearts. Transplant teams and UNOS (the United Network for Organ Sharing) must attempt the formidable task of balancing the needs of an individual patient with a responsibility to determine the best use of a donor heart and promote equitable donor allocation. These issues become even more salient when the transplant candidate is a child with intellectual disability (ID) or neurodevelopmental delay (NDD). In this paper, we review the literature on the clinical practice and ethical considerations surrounding heart transplantation in children, with a focus on those with ID or NDD. We also review our experience at a major center for pediatric heart transplantation.","PeriodicalId":51774,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41353632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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