Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.5304/jafscd.2024.132.012
Brianna L Smarsh, David Yankey, Mei-Chuan Hung, Heidi M Blanck, Jennifer L Kriss, Michael A Flynn, Peng-Jun Lu, Sherri McGarry, Adrienne C Eastlake, Alfonso Rodriguez Lainz, James A Singleton, Jennifer M Lincoln
The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected the health of food system (FS) essential workers compared with other essential and non-essential workers. Even greater disparity exists for workers in certain FS work settings and for certain FS worker subpopulations. We analyzed essential worker respondents (n = 151,789) in May-November 2021 data from the National Immunization Survey Adult COVID Module (NIS-ACM) to assess and characterize COVID-19 vaccination uptake (≥1 dose) and intent (reachable, reluctant), attitudes about COVID-19 and the vaccine, and experiences and difficulties getting the vaccine. We compared rates, overall and by certain characteristics, between workers of the same group, and between FS (n = 17,414) and non-food system (NFS) worker groups (n = 134,375), to determine if differences exist. FS worker groups were classified as "agriculture, forestry, fishing, or hunting" (AFFH; n = 2,730); "food manufacturing facility" (FMF; n = 3,495); and "food and beverage store" (FBS; n = 11,189). Compared with NFS workers, significantly lower percentages of FS workers reported ≥1 dose of COVID-19 vaccine or vaccine requirements at work or school, but overall vaccine experiences and difficulties among vaccinated FS workers were statistically similar to NFS workers. When we examined intent regarding COVID-19 vaccination among unvaccinated FS workers compared with NFS counterparts, we found a higher percentage of FMF and FBS workers were reachable whereas a higher percentage of AFFH workers were reluctant about vaccination, with differences by sociodemographic characteristics. Overall, results showed differences in uptake, intent, and attitudes between worker groups and by some sociodemographic characteristics. The findings reflect the diversity of FS workers and underscore the importance of collecting occupational data to assess health inequalities and of tailoring efforts to worker groups to improve confidence and uptake of vaccinations for infectious diseases such as COVID-19. The findings can inform future research, adult infectious disease interventions, and emergency management planning.
{"title":"Disparities in COVID-19 vaccine uptake, attitudes, and experiences between food system and non-food system essential workers.","authors":"Brianna L Smarsh, David Yankey, Mei-Chuan Hung, Heidi M Blanck, Jennifer L Kriss, Michael A Flynn, Peng-Jun Lu, Sherri McGarry, Adrienne C Eastlake, Alfonso Rodriguez Lainz, James A Singleton, Jennifer M Lincoln","doi":"10.5304/jafscd.2024.132.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5304/jafscd.2024.132.012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected the health of food system (FS) essential workers compared with other essential and non-essential workers. Even greater disparity exists for workers in certain FS work settings and for certain FS worker subpopulations. We analyzed essential worker respondents (<i>n</i> = 151,789) in May-November 2021 data from the National Immunization Survey Adult COVID Module (NIS-ACM) to assess and characterize COVID-19 vaccination uptake (≥1 dose) and intent (reachable, reluctant), attitudes about COVID-19 and the vaccine, and experiences and difficulties getting the vaccine. We compared rates, overall and by certain characteristics, between workers of the same group, and between FS (<i>n</i> = 17,414) and non-food system (NFS) worker groups (<i>n</i> = 134,375), to determine if differences exist. FS worker groups were classified as \"agriculture, forestry, fishing, or hunting\" (AFFH; <i>n</i> = 2,730); \"food manufacturing facility\" (FMF; <i>n</i> = 3,495); and \"food and beverage store\" (FBS; <i>n</i> = 11,189). Compared with NFS workers, significantly lower percentages of FS workers reported ≥1 dose of COVID-19 vaccine or vaccine requirements at work or school, but overall vaccine experiences and difficulties among vaccinated FS workers were statistically similar to NFS workers. When we examined intent regarding COVID-19 vaccination among unvaccinated FS workers compared with NFS counterparts, we found a higher percentage of FMF and FBS workers were reachable whereas a higher percentage of AFFH workers were reluctant about vaccination, with differences by sociodemographic characteristics. Overall, results showed differences in uptake, intent, and attitudes between worker groups and by some sociodemographic characteristics. The findings reflect the diversity of FS workers and underscore the importance of collecting occupational data to assess health inequalities and of tailoring efforts to worker groups to improve confidence and uptake of vaccinations for infectious diseases such as COVID-19. The findings can inform future research, adult infectious disease interventions, and emergency management planning.</p>","PeriodicalId":51829,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture Food Systems and Community Development","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11403359/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142300581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.5304/jafscd.2023.124.014
Shoshanah Inwood, Joy Rumble, Sara Meeks, V. Haden
This case study describes how we used photovoice as an engagement, empowerment, and evaluation tool in a farm-to-school project with food service staff in rural Ohio. We explain why we chose the visual narrative approach, working in a school setting, addressing institutional review board protocols, training, building trust with participants, and the outcomes. We provide lessons learned and suggestions for how other farm-to-school projects can use this tool for broader engagement, empowerment, and evaluation, especially when working with hard-to-reach or vulnerable populations.
{"title":"Engaging, empowering, and evaluating farm-to-school projects with photovoice","authors":"Shoshanah Inwood, Joy Rumble, Sara Meeks, V. Haden","doi":"10.5304/jafscd.2023.124.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5304/jafscd.2023.124.014","url":null,"abstract":"This case study describes how we used photovoice as an engagement, empowerment, and evaluation tool in a farm-to-school project with food service staff in rural Ohio. We explain why we chose the visual narrative approach, working in a school setting, addressing institutional review board protocols, training, building trust with participants, and the outcomes. We provide lessons learned and suggestions for how other farm-to-school projects can use this tool for broader engagement, empowerment, and evaluation, especially when working with hard-to-reach or vulnerable populations.","PeriodicalId":51829,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture Food Systems and Community Development","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86504883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-28DOI: 10.5304/jafscd.2023.124.020
Ryder Bell
First paragraph: In Edible Economics, South Korean development economist Ha-Joon Chang argues against the neoliberal philosophy that “has normalized self-serving behavior” (p. xxii). He contends that the discipline of economics is a determinant factor in idea creation and in the organization of our lives, and therefore it is useful to understand how economic theory translates into reality. He also believes that a broad understanding of economics can help “make our society a better place to live for us and the coming generations” (p. xxiv). Food, the author admits, does not fit seamlessly into this objective and is instead a device to reel in the attention of the reader before expanding on development economic theory. The marriage between personal food stories and economics can sometimes feel disjointed; the reader may wonder how a chapter beginning with the history of rye leads to Otto von Bismarck’s establishment of the welfare state. But, with Chang’s palpable gregariousness, love of food, and general self-awareness, his essays succeed in making economics more “edible.” . . .
{"title":"Appetizers in development economics","authors":"Ryder Bell","doi":"10.5304/jafscd.2023.124.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5304/jafscd.2023.124.020","url":null,"abstract":"First paragraph: In Edible Economics, South Korean development economist Ha-Joon Chang argues against the neoliberal philosophy that “has normalized self-serving behavior” (p. xxii). He contends that the discipline of economics is a determinant factor in idea creation and in the organization of our lives, and therefore it is useful to understand how economic theory translates into reality. He also believes that a broad understanding of economics can help “make our society a better place to live for us and the coming generations” (p. xxiv). Food, the author admits, does not fit seamlessly into this objective and is instead a device to reel in the attention of the reader before expanding on development economic theory. The marriage between personal food stories and economics can sometimes feel disjointed; the reader may wonder how a chapter beginning with the history of rye leads to Otto von Bismarck’s establishment of the welfare state. But, with Chang’s palpable gregariousness, love of food, and general self-awareness, his essays succeed in making economics more “edible.” . . .","PeriodicalId":51829,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture Food Systems and Community Development","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90249571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-23DOI: 10.5304/jafscd.2023.124.019
Mallory Cerkleski
First paragraph: In an era marked by widespread food insecurity and escalating concerns about climate change, Translating Food Sovereignty: Cultivating Justice in an Age of Transnational Governance by Matthew C. Canfield offers a timely and thought-provoking analysis of the global food system. Canfield explores the emerging food sovereignty movement, which challenges the dominant agro-industrial model and advocates for local and democratic control over food systems. As the reader progresses through the book, it becomes evident that Canfield embodies the essence of both a generalist and a specialist. With a wealth of experiences spanning from “formal” to “informal” and encompassing both legal and practical dimensions, each perspective presented feels remarkably comprehensive and worthy of serious consideration. . . .
{"title":"Nourishing hope: Unraveling the path to justice in the global food system","authors":"Mallory Cerkleski","doi":"10.5304/jafscd.2023.124.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5304/jafscd.2023.124.019","url":null,"abstract":"First paragraph: In an era marked by widespread food insecurity and escalating concerns about climate change, Translating Food Sovereignty: Cultivating Justice in an Age of Transnational Governance by Matthew C. Canfield offers a timely and thought-provoking analysis of the global food system. Canfield explores the emerging food sovereignty movement, which challenges the dominant agro-industrial model and advocates for local and democratic control over food systems. As the reader progresses through the book, it becomes evident that Canfield embodies the essence of both a generalist and a specialist. With a wealth of experiences spanning from “formal” to “informal” and encompassing both legal and practical dimensions, each perspective presented feels remarkably comprehensive and worthy of serious consideration. . . .","PeriodicalId":51829,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture Food Systems and Community Development","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76485722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-22DOI: 10.5304/jafscd.2023.124.012
A. Endres, Jessica Guarino, Nabilah Nathani
Private-sector dominance of plant breeding constitutes the present norm of organic seed genetics research, which has generated concerns in the organic farming community in this era of robust intellectual property protections. Intellectual property restrictions primarily in the form of certificates, patents, and contractual arrangements are blamed for stifling the innovation of organic seed varieties. To better understand the challenges small-scale and university-based breeders and researchers face in organic corn seed genetic development, this article provides an overview of intellectual property structures surrounding seed innovation and sharing. After describing the legal landscape in which organic corn seed research and development occurs, the article details research efforts exploring the veracity of claims that contractual arrangements (in the form of seed-sharing agreements between breeders and universities) stifle the innovation of organic varieties. In doing so, the article describes the search methodology utilized and highlights a critical barrier to research: the closely guarded nature of private contracts that parties are reluctant to reveal. While we were able to identify several data points that highlighted the importance of seed-sharing agreements as a part of the intellectual property regime controlling organics research and breeding, we were unable to obtain contracts or identify disputes over contractual language to further analyze. Such contractual language only becomes available upon consent and release by individual parties to the contract or by litigation that exposes the contractual language, both of which we attempted to explore and utilize. The article concludes with a discussion of why contractual arrangements in the context of organic corn seed development are an informative piece of the intellectual property puzzle worth exploring, as well as future points of research necessary to yield data substantiating the concerns of stakeholders in the organic seed industry.
{"title":"Intellectual property exhaustion, breeder frustration, and hindered innovation: Reviewing U.S. organic corn seed development","authors":"A. Endres, Jessica Guarino, Nabilah Nathani","doi":"10.5304/jafscd.2023.124.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5304/jafscd.2023.124.012","url":null,"abstract":"Private-sector dominance of plant breeding constitutes the present norm of organic seed genetics research, which has generated concerns in the organic farming community in this era of robust intellectual property protections. Intellectual property restrictions primarily in the form of certificates, patents, and contractual arrangements are blamed for stifling the innovation of organic seed varieties. To better understand the challenges small-scale and university-based breeders and researchers face in organic corn seed genetic development, this article provides an overview of intellectual property structures surrounding seed innovation and sharing. After describing the legal landscape in which organic corn seed research and development occurs, the article details research efforts exploring the veracity of claims that contractual arrangements (in the form of seed-sharing agreements between breeders and universities) stifle the innovation of organic varieties. In doing so, the article describes the search methodology utilized and highlights a critical barrier to research: the closely guarded nature of private contracts that parties are reluctant to reveal. While we were able to identify several data points that highlighted the importance of seed-sharing agreements as a part of the intellectual property regime controlling organics research and breeding, we were unable to obtain contracts or identify disputes over contractual language to further analyze. Such contractual language only becomes available upon consent and release by individual parties to the contract or by litigation that exposes the contractual language, both of which we attempted to explore and utilize. The article concludes with a discussion of why contractual arrangements in the context of organic corn seed development are an informative piece of the intellectual property puzzle worth exploring, as well as future points of research necessary to yield data substantiating the concerns of stakeholders in the organic seed industry.","PeriodicalId":51829,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture Food Systems and Community Development","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77541017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-22DOI: 10.5304/jafscd.2023.124.011
Benjamin Schrager, Hiroki Ikeda, Takahashi Yukitsugu
The growing problems associated with industrial agriculture have led to a greater recognition of the significance of alternative agriculture beyond Anglophone and European countries. This article explores Utsunomiya University’s Eco-programs, which combine a pesticide-free and synthetic fertilizer-free community garden with an educational lecture and activity series. It draws on ethnographic data from interviews and participant observation, as well as document and archival analysis. Based on our findings, we argue that tensions emerge between the initial agroecological goals with which the Eco-programs were established and other institutional goals pursued at the university. Despite these tensions, the Eco-programs create an important space for participants to encounter and explore agroecological gardening. They also provide an informative example of a transdisciplinary alternative agricultural initiative in Japan. We stress the importance of recognizing the contexts in which alternative agricultural initiatives emerge, and the reality that conflicts often arise because alternative agricultural goals differ from the goals of the markets, states, and bureaucracies in which they operate.
{"title":"Successes and challenges of a university-based agroecological community garden and educational program in Japan","authors":"Benjamin Schrager, Hiroki Ikeda, Takahashi Yukitsugu","doi":"10.5304/jafscd.2023.124.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5304/jafscd.2023.124.011","url":null,"abstract":"The growing problems associated with industrial agriculture have led to a greater recognition of the significance of alternative agriculture beyond Anglophone and European countries. This article explores Utsunomiya University’s Eco-programs, which combine a pesticide-free and synthetic fertilizer-free community garden with an educational lecture and activity series. It draws on ethnographic data from interviews and participant observation, as well as document and archival analysis. Based on our findings, we argue that tensions emerge between the initial agroecological goals with which the Eco-programs were established and other institutional goals pursued at the university. Despite these tensions, the Eco-programs create an important space for participants to encounter and explore agroecological gardening. They also provide an informative example of a transdisciplinary alternative agricultural initiative in Japan. We stress the importance of recognizing the contexts in which alternative agricultural initiatives emerge, and the reality that conflicts often arise because alternative agricultural goals differ from the goals of the markets, states, and bureaucracies in which they operate.","PeriodicalId":51829,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture Food Systems and Community Development","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87463175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-22DOI: 10.5304/jafscd.2023.124.010
Erin Nelson, Sarah Hargreaves, Dillon Muldoon
Farmer-led research (FLR) is a process of inquiry wherein farmers use scientific methods to address their own on-farm curiosities and challenges in ways that are compatible with the scale and management style of their operations. With its flexible, adaptable, participatory, grassroots-oriented nature, FLR has typically been employed by farmers interested in ecological farming techniques and technologies, and evidence shows that it contributes to the adoption and improvement of ecological management practices across a range of contexts. Engagement in FLR initiatives has also been linked to positive social outcomes, including community-building, farmer empowerment, and enhanced capacity for leadership and collective action. In this paper, we present a case study of the Ecological Farmers Association of Ontario’s (EFAO) Farmer-Led Research Program (FLRP), which is currently one of relatively few FLR initiatives in North America. We draw on data from a participatory, mixed-methods research project. Our results highlight how the FLRP is enabling farmers to feel more knowledgeable, confident, motivated, and inspired to adopt and/or improve ecological practices on their farms, in part by supporting them in building robust social networks that align with their farming values and priorities.
{"title":"Farmer knowledge as formal knowledge: A case study of farmer-led research in Ontario, Canada","authors":"Erin Nelson, Sarah Hargreaves, Dillon Muldoon","doi":"10.5304/jafscd.2023.124.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5304/jafscd.2023.124.010","url":null,"abstract":"Farmer-led research (FLR) is a process of inquiry wherein farmers use scientific methods to address their own on-farm curiosities and challenges in ways that are compatible with the scale and management style of their operations. With its flexible, adaptable, participatory, grassroots-oriented nature, FLR has typically been employed by farmers interested in ecological farming techniques and technologies, and evidence shows that it contributes to the adoption and improvement of ecological management practices across a range of contexts. Engagement in FLR initiatives has also been linked to positive social outcomes, including community-building, farmer empowerment, and enhanced capacity for leadership and collective action. In this paper, we present a case study of the Ecological Farmers Association of Ontario’s (EFAO) Farmer-Led Research Program (FLRP), which is currently one of relatively few FLR initiatives in North America. We draw on data from a participatory, mixed-methods research project. Our results highlight how the FLRP is enabling farmers to feel more knowledgeable, confident, motivated, and inspired to adopt and/or improve ecological practices on their farms, in part by supporting them in building robust social networks that align with their farming values and priorities.","PeriodicalId":51829,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture Food Systems and Community Development","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89390715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-22DOI: 10.5304/jafscd.2023.124.015
Kathryn Z. Ruhf, K. Clancy
First paragraph: Upon the initial release of our report, A Regional Imperative: The Case for Regional Food Systems (Ruhf & Clancy, 2022), we received criticism about our “treatment of racism and racial equity” from the Northeast Sustainable Agriculture Working Group (NESAWG), the report’s original sponsor. While this criticism was unsettling to us and was not accompanied by specific feedback, we acknowledged that we could have done more on the racial justice aspects of regional food systems. Despite lengthy sections on social justice, references to oppressed communities, and suggested remedies throughout the text, our original report fell short in certain important ways, and we wanted to strengthen it. . . .
{"title":"Treatment of racism and social injustice in addressing complex topics: What we learned","authors":"Kathryn Z. Ruhf, K. Clancy","doi":"10.5304/jafscd.2023.124.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5304/jafscd.2023.124.015","url":null,"abstract":"First paragraph: Upon the initial release of our report, A Regional Imperative: The Case for Regional Food Systems (Ruhf & Clancy, 2022), we received criticism about our “treatment of racism and racial equity” from the Northeast Sustainable Agriculture Working Group (NESAWG), the report’s original sponsor. While this criticism was unsettling to us and was not accompanied by specific feedback, we acknowledged that we could have done more on the racial justice aspects of regional food systems. Despite lengthy sections on social justice, references to oppressed communities, and suggested remedies throughout the text, our original report fell short in certain important ways, and we wanted to strengthen it. . . .","PeriodicalId":51829,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture Food Systems and Community Development","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72675734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-21DOI: 10.5304/jafscd.2023.124.013
Hannah Ramer, K. Nelson
Surging interest in urban agriculture has prompted cities across North America to adopt policies that give gardeners access to publicly owned land. However, if not carefully designed, these policies can exacerbate existing racial inequities. Drawing on theories of urban and environmental justice, we use a contextualized case comparison to explore the radical potential and practical constraints of garden land policies at two distinct institutions: the City of Minneapolis and the independently elected Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board. Based on participant observation, document review, and interviews with a range of policy actors, we argue that what appear to be minor, common-sense policy details systematically shape who benefits from the garden land policies, sometimes in surprising ways. Compared to the City, the Park Board goes substantially further in addressing racial equity. Furthermore, though both cases included public participation, we argue that the more intensive participation during the Park Board policy development process—particularly in determining the details—was pivotal in crafting a policy that reduced barriers to racial equity. The present study contributes to the growing scholarship on urban agriculture and environmental governance and offers concrete insights for actors working toward more just policies.
{"title":"Digging in: Toward a more just urban garden land policy","authors":"Hannah Ramer, K. Nelson","doi":"10.5304/jafscd.2023.124.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5304/jafscd.2023.124.013","url":null,"abstract":"Surging interest in urban agriculture has prompted cities across North America to adopt policies that give gardeners access to publicly owned land. However, if not carefully designed, these policies can exacerbate existing racial inequities. Drawing on theories of urban and environmental justice, we use a contextualized case comparison to explore the radical potential and practical constraints of garden land policies at two distinct institutions: the City of Minneapolis and the independently elected Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board. Based on participant observation, document review, and interviews with a range of policy actors, we argue that what appear to be minor, common-sense policy details systematically shape who benefits from the garden land policies, sometimes in surprising ways. Compared to the City, the Park Board goes substantially further in addressing racial equity. Furthermore, though both cases included public participation, we argue that the more intensive participation during the Park Board policy development process—particularly in determining the details—was pivotal in crafting a policy that reduced barriers to racial equity. The present study contributes to the growing scholarship on urban agriculture and environmental governance and offers concrete insights for actors working toward more just policies.","PeriodicalId":51829,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture Food Systems and Community Development","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84054722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-21DOI: 10.5304/jafscd.2023.124.005
Catherine G. Campbell
Food provided in school cafeterias, hospitals, prisons, and institutions of higher education is referred to as “institutional foodservice.” Values-based institutional foodservice procurement programs are designed to prioritize certain values or criteria, such as environmental sustainability or local economies, in addition to price when purchasing food for institutional settings. Organizations and programs have been developed to provide guidance and monitoring for institutions seeking to adopt and implement values-based procurement programs. These programs have increased consumer and decision-maker awareness of opportunities to leverage institutional purchasing to support food systems change. Institutions that have adopted values-based procurement policies have documented increases in purchases of local, sustainable food from cooperatively and independently owned farms. While organizations supporting values-based institutional procurement have made documented progress in supporting food systems change, there have been difficulties with adopting and adhering to these organizations’ standards. Because institutional policy adoption and implementation requires a substantial amount of effort, practitioners should be aware of these difficulties in advance of making purchasing commitments.
{"title":"Values-based institutional food procurement programs: A narrative review","authors":"Catherine G. Campbell","doi":"10.5304/jafscd.2023.124.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5304/jafscd.2023.124.005","url":null,"abstract":"Food provided in school cafeterias, hospitals, prisons, and institutions of higher education is referred to as “institutional foodservice.” Values-based institutional foodservice procurement programs are designed to prioritize certain values or criteria, such as environmental sustainability or local economies, in addition to price when purchasing food for institutional settings. Organizations and programs have been developed to provide guidance and monitoring for institutions seeking to adopt and implement values-based procurement programs. These programs have increased consumer and decision-maker awareness of opportunities to leverage institutional purchasing to support food systems change. Institutions that have adopted values-based procurement policies have documented increases in purchases of local, sustainable food from cooperatively and independently owned farms. While organizations supporting values-based institutional procurement have made documented progress in supporting food systems change, there have been difficulties with adopting and adhering to these organizations’ standards. Because institutional policy adoption and implementation requires a substantial amount of effort, practitioners should be aware of these difficulties in advance of making purchasing commitments.","PeriodicalId":51829,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture Food Systems and Community Development","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83522463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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