Pub Date : 2023-06-05DOI: 10.5304/jafscd.2023.123.015
Bailey Houghtaling, Lindsey Haynes-Maslow, L. Andress, Amnie Hardison-Moody, Michelle Grocke-Dewey, D. Holston, Megan Patton-Lopez, Nila Pradhananga, T. Prewitt, Justin D. Shanks, Eliza Webber, Carmen Byker Shanks
Understanding impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic among households with children is necessary to design appropriate public health responses that protect food and nutrition security. The objective of this research was to understand predictors of food insecurity during the COVID-19 pandemic among households with at least one child (<18 years), including whether foods reported as out-of-stock were associated with the likelihood of food insecurity. An online survey using validated measures and open-ended questions was distributed to a convenience sample in five states—Louisiana, Montana, North Carolina, Oregon, and West Virginia—during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic (April through September of 2020). Predictors of food insecurity (race/ethnicity, age, marital status, education, federal nutrition assistance program participation, number of adults and children in the household, rurality, and missing foods when shopping) among households with children during the COVID-19 pandemic were modeled using logistic regression (p < 0.05, a priori). To further illuminate household experiences during this time, two researchers independently coded open-ended survey question data using inductive and deductive approaches to construct themes. Households with children had increased odds of experiencing food insecurity during the COVID-19 pandemic if they had the following characteristics: Hispanic ethnicity; age between 25 and 44 years; additional adult household members; economic hardship; SNAP/WIC participation; being widowed, divorced, or separated; and reporting foods not available when shopping. Participants described mainly negative changes to dietary patterns and practices as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. They also described food security challenges and ideas for improving food security. Consistent with other data collected and analyzed during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, this study contributes findings that emphasize the need for enhanced public health responses and emergency preparedness measures that protect food and nutrition security. Because of the increased short- and long-term consequences including exposure to adverse circumstances, impaired learning, risks to mental health, and poor health outcomes, ensuring an adequate food supply is especially important for households with children.
{"title":"Food insecurity among households with children during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Bailey Houghtaling, Lindsey Haynes-Maslow, L. Andress, Amnie Hardison-Moody, Michelle Grocke-Dewey, D. Holston, Megan Patton-Lopez, Nila Pradhananga, T. Prewitt, Justin D. Shanks, Eliza Webber, Carmen Byker Shanks","doi":"10.5304/jafscd.2023.123.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5304/jafscd.2023.123.015","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic among households with children is necessary to design appropriate public health responses that protect food and nutrition security. The objective of this research was to understand predictors of food insecurity during the COVID-19 pandemic among households with at least one child (<18 years), including whether foods reported as out-of-stock were associated with the likelihood of food insecurity. An online survey using validated measures and open-ended questions was distributed to a convenience sample in five states—Louisiana, Montana, North Carolina, Oregon, and West Virginia—during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic (April through September of 2020). Predictors of food insecurity (race/ethnicity, age, marital status, education, federal nutrition assistance program participation, number of adults and children in the household, rurality, and missing foods when shopping) among households with children during the COVID-19 pandemic were modeled using logistic regression (p < 0.05, a priori). To further illuminate household experiences during this time, two researchers independently coded open-ended survey question data using inductive and deductive approaches to construct themes. Households with children had increased odds of experiencing food insecurity during the COVID-19 pandemic if they had the following characteristics: Hispanic ethnicity; age between 25 and 44 years; additional adult household members; economic hardship; SNAP/WIC participation; being widowed, divorced, or separated; and reporting foods not available when shopping. Participants described mainly negative changes to dietary patterns and practices as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. They also described food security challenges and ideas for improving food security. Consistent with other data collected and analyzed during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, this study contributes findings that emphasize the need for enhanced public health responses and emergency preparedness measures that protect food and nutrition security. Because of the increased short- and long-term consequences including exposure to adverse circumstances, impaired learning, risks to mental health, and poor health outcomes, ensuring an adequate food supply is especially important for households with children.","PeriodicalId":51829,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture Food Systems and Community Development","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87828712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.5304/jafscd.2023.123.014
Stella Beckman, Xóchitl Castañeda, Vania del Rivero, Anaisabel Chavez, M. Schenker
The multibillion-dollar California cannabis (Cannabis sativa, marijuana) industry employs an unknown number of seasonal workers, including many immigrants. Most production occurs in the remote, rural, far-northern counties where farms may be hours by vehicle from the nearest town. While licenses for cannabis cultivation became available following legalization in California for adult recreational use in 2016, most cannabis—about 80%—is still grown on unlicensed farms. Cannabis is a labor-intensive crop, and the skilled and time-consuming task of hand-trimming flowers is the most common seasonal job in the industry. Some immigrant workers return for multiple cannabis harvest seasons and are attracted to the work by an interest in the cannabis culture and consumption or the opportunity to earn enough money in several months to live the rest of the year in their home country. Others are farmworkers moving from work in traditional crops for the relatively higher pay in the cannabis industry. Seasonal cannabis workers are exposed to many of the physical hazards found in all agricultural workplaces, like dust, pesticides, and injuries; another commonality with California’s traditional agricultural workforce is vulnerability to structural violence stemming from factors related to race, gender, immigration status, and employer/employee power imbalance. Cannabis workers are also uniquely affected by the intersections of these structural factors with the isolated and remote nature of cannabis farms and the ongoing criminalization of the industry. In this article we present the results of a qualitative study of the occupational health and safety of Mexican and South American immigrant seasonal cannabis workers who have previous cannabis-industry-specific skills and experience. Workers were recruited using a peer-recruitment method, with 25 participants in three online focus group discussions on a range of occupational health and safety topics. This qualitative descriptive analysis is focused on experiences of structural violence and wage theft.
{"title":"Experiences of structural violence and wage theft among immigrant workers in the California cannabis industry","authors":"Stella Beckman, Xóchitl Castañeda, Vania del Rivero, Anaisabel Chavez, M. Schenker","doi":"10.5304/jafscd.2023.123.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5304/jafscd.2023.123.014","url":null,"abstract":"The multibillion-dollar California cannabis (Cannabis sativa, marijuana) industry employs an unknown number of seasonal workers, including many immigrants. Most production occurs in the remote, rural, far-northern counties where farms may be hours by vehicle from the nearest town. While licenses for cannabis cultivation became available following legalization in California for adult recreational use in 2016, most cannabis—about 80%—is still grown on unlicensed farms. Cannabis is a labor-intensive crop, and the skilled and time-consuming task of hand-trimming flowers is the most common seasonal job in the industry. Some immigrant workers return for multiple cannabis harvest seasons and are attracted to the work by an interest in the cannabis culture and consumption or the opportunity to earn enough money in several months to live the rest of the year in their home country. Others are farmworkers moving from work in traditional crops for the relatively higher pay in the cannabis industry. Seasonal cannabis workers are exposed to many of the physical hazards found in all agricultural workplaces, like dust, pesticides, and injuries; another commonality with California’s traditional agricultural workforce is vulnerability to structural violence stemming from factors related to race, gender, immigration status, and employer/employee power imbalance. Cannabis workers are also uniquely affected by the intersections of these structural factors with the isolated and remote nature of cannabis farms and the ongoing criminalization of the industry. In this article we present the results of a qualitative study of the occupational health and safety of Mexican and South American immigrant seasonal cannabis workers who have previous cannabis-industry-specific skills and experience. Workers were recruited using a peer-recruitment method, with 25 participants in three online focus group discussions on a range of occupational health and safety topics. This qualitative descriptive analysis is focused on experiences of structural violence and wage theft.","PeriodicalId":51829,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture Food Systems and Community Development","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76689986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-24DOI: 10.5304/jafscd.2023.123.013
C. Gusto, John M. Diaz, L. Warner, C. Overdevest, Catherine G. Campbell, Sebastian Galindo
Exacerbated food insecurity has been among the many challenges presented by the emergence of the novel coronavirus 2019 in the United States. In the wake of the pandemic, expanded focus has turned to the capacities of established federal nutrition assistance programs and emergent nutrition access models to address these challenges. Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-based incentive programs, or nutrition incentive programs, are an emergent model designed to provide financial incentives (additional funds) to limited-resource, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)-enrolled shoppers to improve the affordability of fresh fruits and vegetables at farm-direct and other retail outlets. While policymakers, researchers, and other stakeholders have advanced efforts to evaluate the overall impact and efficacy of nutrition incentive programs, much remains to be understood about how these programs operate under pandemic conditions and how effective they have been at mitigating the associated increase in food hardship for limited-resource families. To examine the salient factors influencing nutrition incentive program operations during the pandemic, we applied a three-round, online Delphi process with an expert panel (N=15) of nutrition incentive practitioners between May and October 2021, analyzing the data using thematic analysis and descriptive statistics. The panelists reached consensus on several barriers, opportunities, and innovative adaptations in incentive programming operations, both in the early stages of the pandemic outbreak and that may persist long-term. The findings—which include barriers such as “staff burnout and/or turnover,” opportunities such as “increased collaboration and networking between stakeholders,” and innovative adaptions such as “targeted expansion of SNAP/EBT eligibility”—have implications for the operational and adaptive capacities of SNAP-based incentive program practitioners over the next several years. We provide recommendations for both researchers and nutrition incentive practitioners with an emphasis on further exploring and operationalizing the long-term barrier, opportunity, and innovative adaptation findings to aid the continued development of nutrition incentive program resilience in preparation for future pandemic events or comparable food system shocks.
{"title":"A snapshot of nutrition incentive adaptation during COVID-19: Consensus-building with practitioners","authors":"C. Gusto, John M. Diaz, L. Warner, C. Overdevest, Catherine G. Campbell, Sebastian Galindo","doi":"10.5304/jafscd.2023.123.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5304/jafscd.2023.123.013","url":null,"abstract":"Exacerbated food insecurity has been among the many challenges presented by the emergence of the novel coronavirus 2019 in the United States. In the wake of the pandemic, expanded focus has turned to the capacities of established federal nutrition assistance programs and emergent nutrition access models to address these challenges. Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-based incentive programs, or nutrition incentive programs, are an emergent model designed to provide financial incentives (additional funds) to limited-resource, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)-enrolled shoppers to improve the affordability of fresh fruits and vegetables at farm-direct and other retail outlets. While policymakers, researchers, and other stakeholders have advanced efforts to evaluate the overall impact and efficacy of nutrition incentive programs, much remains to be understood about how these programs operate under pandemic conditions and how effective they have been at mitigating the associated increase in food hardship for limited-resource families. To examine the salient factors influencing nutrition incentive program operations during the pandemic, we applied a three-round, online Delphi process with an expert panel (N=15) of nutrition incentive practitioners between May and October 2021, analyzing the data using thematic analysis and descriptive statistics. The panelists reached consensus on several barriers, opportunities, and innovative adaptations in incentive programming operations, both in the early stages of the pandemic outbreak and that may persist long-term. The findings—which include barriers such as “staff burnout and/or turnover,” opportunities such as “increased collaboration and networking between stakeholders,” and innovative adaptions such as “targeted expansion of SNAP/EBT eligibility”—have implications for the operational and adaptive capacities of SNAP-based incentive program practitioners over the next several years. We provide recommendations for both researchers and nutrition incentive practitioners with an emphasis on further exploring and operationalizing the long-term barrier, opportunity, and innovative adaptation findings to aid the continued development of nutrition incentive program resilience in preparation for future pandemic events or comparable food system shocks.","PeriodicalId":51829,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture Food Systems and Community Development","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82023353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-24DOI: 10.5304/jafscd.2023.123.010
Michael Classens, Kaitlyn Adam, Sophia Srebot
Postsecondary students, staff, and faculty across North America are actively involved in transforming food systems on campuses and beyond. Much of the scholarship documenting these inroads has focused on procurement, production, and pedagogy. While this work is essential, it paints an incomplete picture of the ways postsecondary campuses—and students in particular—are contributing to realizing more just and sustainable food systems. In this paper, we elaborate the contours of what we propose as the alternative campus foodscape in Canada by highlighting campus food systems alternatives (CFSAs), which we define as on-campus initiatives that are motivated by animating structural, practice, and/or policy change through the campus foodscape. We demonstrate how CFSAs are distinct from conventional food systems and argue that they are essential elements of a robust movement for food systems transformation.
{"title":"Food systems change and the alternative campus foodscape","authors":"Michael Classens, Kaitlyn Adam, Sophia Srebot","doi":"10.5304/jafscd.2023.123.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5304/jafscd.2023.123.010","url":null,"abstract":"Postsecondary students, staff, and faculty across North America are actively involved in transforming food systems on campuses and beyond. Much of the scholarship documenting these inroads has focused on procurement, production, and pedagogy. While this work is essential, it paints an incomplete picture of the ways postsecondary campuses—and students in particular—are contributing to realizing more just and sustainable food systems. In this paper, we elaborate the contours of what we propose as the alternative campus foodscape in Canada by highlighting campus food systems alternatives (CFSAs), which we define as on-campus initiatives that are motivated by animating structural, practice, and/or policy change through the campus foodscape. We demonstrate how CFSAs are distinct from conventional food systems and argue that they are essential elements of a robust movement for food systems transformation.","PeriodicalId":51829,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture Food Systems and Community Development","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82814286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-19DOI: 10.5304/jafscd.2023.123.011
F. Doherty, Rachel Tayse, Michelle L. Kaiser, Smitha Rao
Beginning farmers are critical in shaping resilient food systems amid a worsening climate crisis. Reports indicate a prevalence of stress and adverse mental health outcomes among U.S. farmers, yet there are gaps in the literature concerning the well-being of beginning farmers, a heterogeneous group with a growing number of women and BIPOC (Black, Indigenous, or People of Color) producers. The agricultural industry has a legacy of systemic oppression and exploitation of marginal communities. Thus, it is important to understand the unique needs of an emerging, more diverse generation of farmers, especially as discrimination is associated with stress and poor mental health outcomes. In this community-engaged, mixed methods research project, we utilize a food justice framework to understand systemic stressors and coping strategies among Midwestern beginning farmers. Beginning farmers in the Midwest were recruited using purposive sampling to participate in quantitative surveys and in-depth interviews. The survey (n=62) included measures of farm stress, mental health supports, and farm characteristics; the Patient Health Questionnaire-4; and sociodemographic information. Interviews (n=20) were conducted to establish a deeper understanding of stress and mental health experiences. Survey data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. Top stressors included having too much to do and too little time, COVID-19, not enough person-power on the farm, climate change, and social justice. Of survey respondents, 58% reported mild to severe symptom burden of anxiety or depression. Five qualitative themes emerged, including the stress of capitalism, discrimination and inequitable access to resources, aids and gaps in social support, rugged individualism, and heterogeneous perspectives on social justice and climate change. Four transformative food justice practices aimed at rectifying structural inequalities inform our implications. Our results emphasize the urgency of systemic change and structural support for beginning farmers.
{"title":"\"The farm has an insatiable appetite\": A food justice approach to understanding beginning farmer stress","authors":"F. Doherty, Rachel Tayse, Michelle L. Kaiser, Smitha Rao","doi":"10.5304/jafscd.2023.123.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5304/jafscd.2023.123.011","url":null,"abstract":"Beginning farmers are critical in shaping resilient food systems amid a worsening climate crisis. Reports indicate a prevalence of stress and adverse mental health outcomes among U.S. farmers, yet there are gaps in the literature concerning the well-being of beginning farmers, a heterogeneous group with a growing number of women and BIPOC (Black, Indigenous, or People of Color) producers. The agricultural industry has a legacy of systemic oppression and exploitation of marginal communities. Thus, it is important to understand the unique needs of an emerging, more diverse generation of farmers, especially as discrimination is associated with stress and poor mental health outcomes. In this community-engaged, mixed methods research project, we utilize a food justice framework to understand systemic stressors and coping strategies among Midwestern beginning farmers. Beginning farmers in the Midwest were recruited using purposive sampling to participate in quantitative surveys and in-depth interviews. The survey (n=62) included measures of farm stress, mental health supports, and farm characteristics; the Patient Health Questionnaire-4; and sociodemographic information. Interviews (n=20) were conducted to establish a deeper understanding of stress and mental health experiences. Survey data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. Top stressors included having too much to do and too little time, COVID-19, not enough person-power on the farm, climate change, and social justice. Of survey respondents, 58% reported mild to severe symptom burden of anxiety or depression. Five qualitative themes emerged, including the stress of capitalism, discrimination and inequitable access to resources, aids and gaps in social support, rugged individualism, and heterogeneous perspectives on social justice and climate change. Four transformative food justice practices aimed at rectifying structural inequalities inform our implications. Our results emphasize the urgency of systemic change and structural support for beginning farmers.","PeriodicalId":51829,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture Food Systems and Community Development","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78818036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-19DOI: 10.5304/jafscd.2023.123.012
Suzanne Brant, Keith Williams, Jesse Andrews, Colleen Hammelmann, Charles Z. Levkoe
Indigenous scholars and their allies increasingly contribute to food systems debates and practices through pursuing and interrogating ideas of Indigenous food sovereignty. This essay adds to this ongoing conversation by providing a synthesis of and reflection on a panel session on Indigenous food sovereignty held at the American Association of Geographers (AAG) 2022 Annual Meeting. We place this conversation in the context of a growing body of scholarship on food sovereignty and Indigenous food systems. Organized by the AAG’s Geographies of Food and Agriculture Specialty Group, with support from the Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems and Community Development, the session engaged Indigenous scholars in a discussion about the meaning of food sovereignty, different ways of knowing, relationships and reciprocity, and systems of power. The panelists emphasized the relationship between all elements of creation at the core of food sovereignty, the importance of valuing different ways of knowing and expertise, making visible histories of settler knowledge appropriation, and critically assessing how power manifests, operates, and is understood in different food systems and worldviews. Building on the scholarly literature and the evolving place-based grounding of food sovereignty movements, we argue that it is critical to address ongoing realities of genocide and settler colonialism in North America/Turtle Island by forging respectful relationships with all of creation and to work through collaborations led by Indigenous people and grounded in reciprocity.
{"title":"Indigenous food systems and food sovereignty: A collaborative conversation from the American Association of Geographers 2022 Annual Meeting","authors":"Suzanne Brant, Keith Williams, Jesse Andrews, Colleen Hammelmann, Charles Z. Levkoe","doi":"10.5304/jafscd.2023.123.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5304/jafscd.2023.123.012","url":null,"abstract":"Indigenous scholars and their allies increasingly contribute to food systems debates and practices through pursuing and interrogating ideas of Indigenous food sovereignty. This essay adds to this ongoing conversation by providing a synthesis of and reflection on a panel session on Indigenous food sovereignty held at the American Association of Geographers (AAG) 2022 Annual Meeting. We place this conversation in the context of a growing body of scholarship on food sovereignty and Indigenous food systems. Organized by the AAG’s Geographies of Food and Agriculture Specialty Group, with support from the Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems and Community Development, the session engaged Indigenous scholars in a discussion about the meaning of food sovereignty, different ways of knowing, relationships and reciprocity, and systems of power. The panelists emphasized the relationship between all elements of creation at the core of food sovereignty, the importance of valuing different ways of knowing and expertise, making visible histories of settler knowledge appropriation, and critically assessing how power manifests, operates, and is understood in different food systems and worldviews. Building on the scholarly literature and the evolving place-based grounding of food sovereignty movements, we argue that it is critical to address ongoing realities of genocide and settler colonialism in North America/Turtle Island by forging respectful relationships with all of creation and to work through collaborations led by Indigenous people and grounded in reciprocity.","PeriodicalId":51829,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture Food Systems and Community Development","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82800097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-11DOI: 10.5304/jafscd.2023.123.009
Sarah Rotz, A. Xavier, T. Robin
This article examines the extent to which Indigenous-led food systems and sovereignty goals, frameworks, and priorities are recognized, affirmed, and supported within the agri-food public sector. For this study, we focus on the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (OMAFRA), but the findings and analysis have implications for settler-Indigenous relations more broadly. First, we situate Indigenous food systems and sovereignties within the context of agri-food bureaucracies in Canada. We then present the research design, which involved 27 interviews with people working within or collaborating with OMAFRA on issues related to agricultural land use, programming, and development, and Indigenous relations and food systems. The findings are categorized into five themes: differing needs, visions, and priorities; land access, conversion, and health; representation; consultation and consent in agri-food programming; capacity building. The findings reveal major gaps in Indigenous representation, leadership, and control, and an absence of Indigenous-led planning and decision-making in the agri-food public sector. The findings further show that non-Indigenous people lack crucial knowledge concerning treaties and Indigenous relationships to land and stewardship, which creates ongoing and significant barriers to reconciliation. We close by discussing key barriers and opportunities for supporting Indigenous food system and sovereignty programming and ways forward for deepening settler knowledge of Indigenous issues and experiences. The perspectives shared in this study are intended to provide food system research, planning, policy, and practice with insights in order to begin to address structural injustices and better support Indigenous food sovereignty.
{"title":"\"It wasn't built for us\": The possibility of Indigenous food sovereignty in settler colonial food bureaucracies","authors":"Sarah Rotz, A. Xavier, T. Robin","doi":"10.5304/jafscd.2023.123.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5304/jafscd.2023.123.009","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the extent to which Indigenous-led food systems and sovereignty goals, frameworks, and priorities are recognized, affirmed, and supported within the agri-food public sector. For this study, we focus on the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (OMAFRA), but the findings and analysis have implications for settler-Indigenous relations more broadly. First, we situate Indigenous food systems and sovereignties within the context of agri-food bureaucracies in Canada. We then present the research design, which involved 27 interviews with people working within or collaborating with OMAFRA on issues related to agricultural land use, programming, and development, and Indigenous relations and food systems. The findings are categorized into five themes: differing needs, visions, and priorities; land access, conversion, and health; representation; consultation and consent in agri-food programming; capacity building. The findings reveal major gaps in Indigenous representation, leadership, and control, and an absence of Indigenous-led planning and decision-making in the agri-food public sector. The findings further show that non-Indigenous people lack crucial knowledge concerning treaties and Indigenous relationships to land and stewardship, which creates ongoing and significant barriers to reconciliation. We close by discussing key barriers and opportunities for supporting Indigenous food system and sovereignty programming and ways forward for deepening settler knowledge of Indigenous issues and experiences. The perspectives shared in this study are intended to provide food system research, planning, policy, and practice with insights in order to begin to address structural injustices and better support Indigenous food sovereignty.","PeriodicalId":51829,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture Food Systems and Community Development","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82048247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-05DOI: 10.5304/jafscd.2023.123.004
J. Snorek, Wyatt Cummings, E. Hryniewicz, Keelia Stevens, Rosa Iannuzzi
Dairy farmers face persistent market shocks that force creative diversifications to enhance their resilience. In the summer of 2021, corporate dairy companies canceled over 100 contracts with organic dairy farmers in New England, a market shock to the industry across the Northeast. To better understand how farmers cope with market shocks in small dairy production, we studied small-scale dairy farms from the perspective of social ecological resilience, exploring the role of diversification in small dairies in Vermont and New Hampshire: which strategies are most effective, what factors influence diversification, and the barriers to diversification. Data came from interviews with dairy farmers and advocates from multiple sectors involving ecological, economic, institutional, cultural, and personal domains. We highlight why, how, and with what support small-scale New England dairy farmers have adapted, supplemented, or transformed their dairy operations. Dairy farms exhibited high levels of diversification, motivated by a range of economic, ecological, and personal incentives. Predominant diversification pathways include (1) higher premiums from organic or directly marketed liquid milk, (2) value-added dairy products, (3) nondairy farm products, and (4) efficient and sustainable land management practices. Our findings suggest that what supports diversification is the transparent and open sharing of knowledge among a network of farmers, based on strong interpersonal relationships. Institutions such as government programs and dairy cooperatives frame diversification, which is best supported by funding flexibility and accessibility of information. Diversification has enabled greater resilience for dairy farmers, despite continued dairy market volatility in the Northeast. Without structural and institutional changes, dairy viability will continue to be in jeopardy, and the need for diversification will remain.
{"title":"Diversification strategies for the resilience of small New England dairies","authors":"J. Snorek, Wyatt Cummings, E. Hryniewicz, Keelia Stevens, Rosa Iannuzzi","doi":"10.5304/jafscd.2023.123.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5304/jafscd.2023.123.004","url":null,"abstract":"Dairy farmers face persistent market shocks that force creative diversifications to enhance their resilience. In the summer of 2021, corporate dairy companies canceled over 100 contracts with organic dairy farmers in New England, a market shock to the industry across the Northeast. To better understand how farmers cope with market shocks in small dairy production, we studied small-scale dairy farms from the perspective of social ecological resilience, exploring the role of diversification in small dairies in Vermont and New Hampshire: which strategies are most effective, what factors influence diversification, and the barriers to diversification. Data came from interviews with dairy farmers and advocates from multiple sectors involving ecological, economic, institutional, cultural, and personal domains. We highlight why, how, and with what support small-scale New England dairy farmers have adapted, supplemented, or transformed their dairy operations. Dairy farms exhibited high levels of diversification, motivated by a range of economic, ecological, and personal incentives. Predominant diversification pathways include (1) higher premiums from organic or directly marketed liquid milk, (2) value-added dairy products, (3) nondairy farm products, and (4) efficient and sustainable land management practices. Our findings suggest that what supports diversification is the transparent and open sharing of knowledge among a network of farmers, based on strong interpersonal relationships. Institutions such as government programs and dairy cooperatives frame diversification, which is best supported by funding flexibility and accessibility of information. Diversification has enabled greater resilience for dairy farmers, despite continued dairy market volatility in the Northeast. Without structural and institutional changes, dairy viability will continue to be in jeopardy, and the need for diversification will remain.","PeriodicalId":51829,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture Food Systems and Community Development","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80345592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-02DOI: 10.5304/jafscd.2023.123.007
Amos Strömberg
First paragraphs: In The Immaculate Conception of Data, Kelly Bronson plunges into an increasingly intricate web of precision farming, agribusiness, computerized models, data accumulation, and the current (d)evolution of modern food production. The ongoing attempt to marry traditional crop cultivation with computer science and artificial intelligence (AI) is a perplexing fusion of two very different worlds, which Bronson does an excellent job of critically analyzing. Tracing the power relations among the world’s largest Big Tech corporations, some of which seem to even be on the threshold of forming oligopolies (Howard, 2016), Bronson makes the case that the seemingly insatiable optimism around data and digitalization to a large extent stems from ideologically driven narratives, social imaginaries, and techno-progressivist, if not purely transhumanist, discourses. In nothing short of a rigorous critique, Bronson teases out the roots of the data hype and scrutinizes the rhetoric which companies employ to buttress a novel idea of how food should be grown and produced—namely, with cutting-edge robotics, drones, sensor technologies, and data analytics. . . .
{"title":"“Flawless” data: How Big Tech is penetrating modern agriculture","authors":"Amos Strömberg","doi":"10.5304/jafscd.2023.123.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5304/jafscd.2023.123.007","url":null,"abstract":"First paragraphs: In The Immaculate Conception of Data, Kelly Bronson plunges into an increasingly intricate web of precision farming, agribusiness, computerized models, data accumulation, and the current (d)evolution of modern food production. The ongoing attempt to marry traditional crop cultivation with computer science and artificial intelligence (AI) is a perplexing fusion of two very different worlds, which Bronson does an excellent job of critically analyzing. Tracing the power relations among the world’s largest Big Tech corporations, some of which seem to even be on the threshold of forming oligopolies (Howard, 2016), Bronson makes the case that the seemingly insatiable optimism around data and digitalization to a large extent stems from ideologically driven narratives, social imaginaries, and techno-progressivist, if not purely transhumanist, discourses. In nothing short of a rigorous critique, Bronson teases out the roots of the data hype and scrutinizes the rhetoric which companies employ to buttress a novel idea of how food should be grown and produced—namely, with cutting-edge robotics, drones, sensor technologies, and data analytics. . . .","PeriodicalId":51829,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture Food Systems and Community Development","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80064951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.5304/jafscd.2023.123.008
Philip Howard
How many times have you heard some version of the phrase “we need to produce more food to feed a growing population”—often attached to impressively precise estimates of the percentage increases and specific dates far into the future? If you’re reading this journal, it’s probably in the thousands, if not more. In this book, Glenn Davis Stone dismantles such claims and shows who is really benefiting from their constant repetition (hint: it’s not most of us). He suggests a description of a problem that should be widely repeated instead: overproduction due to massive government subsidies—particularly for input industries—is leading to the runaway industrialization of agriculture and its numerous negative impacts. . . .
你听过多少次“我们需要生产更多的粮食来养活不断增长的人口”这样的说法——通常伴随着对未来增长百分比和具体日期的精确估计。如果你正在看这篇日记，可能有成千上万的人，如果不是更多的话。在这本书中，格伦·戴维斯·斯通(Glenn Davis Stone)驳斥了这些说法，并展示了谁真正从这些说法的不断重复中受益(提示:不是我们大多数人)。他提出了一个应该被广泛重复的问题的描述:由于大量的政府补贴，特别是对投入产业的补贴，导致生产过剩，导致农业工业化失控，并产生了许多负面影响. . . .
{"title":"The myth of “feeding the world”: Subsidizing agricultural overproduction and industrial technologies, and marginalizing alternatives","authors":"Philip Howard","doi":"10.5304/jafscd.2023.123.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5304/jafscd.2023.123.008","url":null,"abstract":"How many times have you heard some version of the phrase “we need to produce more food to feed a growing population”—often attached to impressively precise estimates of the percentage increases and specific dates far into the future? If you’re reading this journal, it’s probably in the thousands, if not more. In this book, Glenn Davis Stone dismantles such claims and shows who is really benefiting from their constant repetition (hint: it’s not most of us). He suggests a description of a problem that should be widely repeated instead: overproduction due to massive government subsidies—particularly for input industries—is leading to the runaway industrialization of agriculture and its numerous negative impacts. . . .","PeriodicalId":51829,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture Food Systems and Community Development","volume":"149 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77859851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：