Radiology Research and Practice最新文献

As the largest rotator cuff muscle, the subscapularis plays a major role in stabilizing the glenohumeral joint, in conjunction with surrounding rotator cuff structures. Injury to the subscapularis tendon can be isolated, but more commonly is seen in conjunction with supraspinatus tendon pathology. Injury can be associated with biceps pulley instability, superior labral anterior-posterior (SLAP) tears, humeral head subluxation, and anterosuperior and coracoid impingements. The involvement of the rotator interval can lead to what is called "the hidden lesion," due to its difficulty to diagnose during arthroscopy. Understanding the anatomical relations of the subscapularis tendon with the rest of the rotator cuff and rotator interval, as well as common patterns of injury that involve the subscapularis tendon, can aid in proper diagnosis of these injuries leading to prompt surgical repair. This review describes the anatomy of the subscapularis muscle and tendon, and the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) patterns of subscapularis tendon injury.

Objectives: To determine the most common fetal ultrasound markers of total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) during mid-trimester ultrasound using standardly obtained images and evaluate the performance of diagnostic algorithms for improving prenatal diagnosis.

Methods: This was a matched case-control study at a regional referral centre (2005 to 2019). Cases of TAPVR were matched to controls 1 : 4 by date of birth and biologic sex. Postprocessing review of stored fetal ultrasound images was performed by two blinded and independent observers in a standardized fashion using nine sonographic markers: (i) left/right heart disproportion; (ii) abnormal distribution of great vessels; (iii) pulmonary vein entry into the left atrium (LA); (iv) confluence behind the LA; (v) abnormal coronary sinus; (vi) absence of the Coumadin ridge; (vii) aortic diameter; (viii) distance between LA and aorta; and (ix) post-LA space index >1.27. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to present results and compare cases and controls. Diagnostic algorithms were compared by sensitivity/specificity.

Results: 21 cases of isolated TAPVR were matched to 84 controls (n = 105). The most common ultrasound marker of TAPVR was absence of pulmonary vein entry into the LA (42.9%), followed by abnormal Coumadin ridge (38.1%). Cases of TAPVR had significantly larger post-LA spaces than controls (p < 0.0001) and wider aortic diameters (p=0.006). A diagnostic algorithm stratifying on absence of pulmonary veins followed by an abnormal Coumadin ridge, can correctly identify cases of TAPVR with high specificity (90.5%) and moderate sensitivity (61.9%). Conversely, a diagnostic algorithm using the presence of any 3 abnormal markers had improved specificity (94.1%) but poorer sensitivity (23.8%).

Conclusions: Using standardly obtained images from routine fetal ultrasound, improved prenatal detection of isolated TAPVR is possible. A standardized diagnostic approach can be highly specific for fetal TAPVR, however, algorithms that are sufficiently sensitive for screening in the general population are still needed.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the bone thickness of the superior semicircular canal (SSC) roof and its relationship with the roof thickness of the glenoid fossa (RGF).

Methods: The cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of 280 patients (560 temporal regions) were surveyed. The lowest thickness of the SSC roof was measured and categorized based on the radiological patterns of the Cisneros et al. classification. The thickness of GF and the presence of dehiscence in this part were determined, as well. The relationship between the thickness of the GF roof and the bone thickness covering the SSC was also assessed.

Results: The mean thickness of the SSC roof was 0.93 ± 0.48 mm, with no significant difference among different age groups and genders (p > 0.05). However, superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SSCD) was more prevalent among females over 45 years old. Similarly, the individuals with the dehiscence of the GF roof had a 12.93-fold higher chance of SSCD development.

Conclusions: The results indicated that the thickness of the bone overlying the SSC was significantly related to the roof thickness of the GF. However, an increase in age resulted in no significant change in the bone thickness of the SSC roof. Gender also had no role in changing the thickness of the bone overlying the SSC. Considering the decrease in the thickness of the SSC roof among females over 45 years of age, menopause may be responsible for this occurrence as well as for the increase in the prevalence of SSCD.

We investigated the sensitivities of 2-dimensional (2D) magnetic resonance sialography (MR-S) and unilateral sagittal and axial 3-dimensional (3D) MR-S using a surface coil and their combination in diagnosing patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS). We retrospectively analyzed the 3D and 2D MR-S results of 78 patients with SS. We evaluated the sensitivities of multiple high-signal-intensity spots and staging on MR sialograms and analyzed the efficient imaging methods and cross section for diagnosing patients with SS. The sensitivities of MR-S for detecting abnormal findings (i.e., MR-S stage 1 or higher) were as follows: 65 cases (83.3% [95% confidence interval (CI): 73.2-90.8]) for unilateral sagittal 3D MR-S; 62 cases (79.4% [95% CI: 68.8-87.8]) for axial 3D MR-S; 66 cases (84.6% [95% CI: 74.7-91.8]) for combined unilateral sagittal and axial 3D MR-S; and 32 cases (41.0% [95% CI: 30.0-52.7]) for bilateral sagittal 2D MR-S. The ratio of the abnormal finding of MR-S was tested using the two-tailed Fisher's exact test. Unilateral sagittal, axial, and combined unilateral sagittal and axial 3D MR-S showed significantly higher sensitivity than bilateral sagittal 2D MR-S, respectively (P < 0.001). Most cases upstaged by 3D MR-S were those positive (stage 1 or higher) among the stage 0 cases detected by 2D MR-S. Axial 3D MR-S, compared with 2D MR-S, understaged four cases, which was due to the imaging range of the axial 3D MR-S. We concluded that a single unilateral sagittal 3D MR-S was sufficient and axial 3D MR-S was unnecessary for SS staging. T1- and T2-weighted images are essential for investigating the salivary glands in patients with SS. Therefore, we also concluded that bilateral sagittal 3D MR-S of the parotid glands in addition to T1- and T2-weighted imaging is necessary, sufficient, and most efficient for precise MR imaging examination of the salivary glands, including diagnosing SS.