Health Psychology Research最新文献

Introduction: As of 2023, stroke is the second leading cause of death and the third leading cause of death and disability globally, with an expected rise by 2030. While traditional risk factors like demographics, smoking, inactivity, diabetes, and hypertension are well-known, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) remains under-studied despite its 13% incidence rate and link to stroke risk.

Methods: This cross-sectional study, conducted from 1^st November, 2023 to 30^th January, 2024 in Doanhung, Phutho Province, involved stroke patients over 18 years old diagnosed within the past year. A 56-question questionnaire assessed demographics, clinical characteristics, the Barthel Index, and the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). Multivariable logistic regression using Stepwise AIC identified optimal models related to PTSD.

Results: A cohort of 397 participants, with a mean age of 67.98 years and 54.9% female, had a PTSD prevalence of 10.8%. Significant PTSD predictors included regular alcohol consumption (OR=11.43, 95% CI: 1.30-99.15, p=0.027), slight memory decrease (OR=3.59, 95% CI: 1.28-10.62, p=0.017), female gender (OR=3.15, 95% CI: 1.08-10.44, p=0.045), extroverted personality (OR=4.36, 95% CI: 1.73-11.86, p=0.003), and Barthel Index scores (OR=0.85, 95% CI: 0.80-0.90, p<0.001). However, age showed marginally significant association with PTSD (OR=0.97, 95% CI: 0.94-1.00, p=0.067), and unconsciousness during stroke (yes) had an OR of 2.43 (95% CI: 0.96-6.04, p=0.056).

Conclusion: This study highlights the complex interplay of demographic, lifestyle, and clinical factors influencing PTSD risk in stroke survivors. Addressing these factors in interventions is crucial to reduce the psychological burden and improve rehabilitation outcomes.

Purpose of review: Methadone is a synthetic opioid extensively used in opioid use disorder management but is gaining recognition for its unique pharmacological properties that make it a viable alternative for chronic pain management. This review aims to explore methadone's pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, efficacy, and safety profile to assess its potential role in managing chronic pain conditions.

Recent findings: Methadone's dual action as a mu-opioid receptor agonist and NMDA receptor antagonist positions it as an effective option for managing both nociceptive and neuropathic pain. It has shown promising results in cancer pain management, refractory pain, and opioid rotation strategies. Despite its therapeutic advantages, concerns regarding its narrow therapeutic window, variable pharmacokinetics, QT interval prolongation, and risk of respiratory depression highlight the need for careful patient selection and monitoring. New evidence also sheds light on its affordability and efficacy in low-resource settings, as well as its controversial role in mitigating opioid-induced hyperalgesia.

Summary: Methadone offers a unique therapeutic option in chronic pain management due to its multifaceted pharmacological properties. While it provides significant benefits for patients with complex pain syndromes, clinicians must exercise caution due to its safety concerns and variability in individual metabolism. A personalized approach, combined with rigorous monitoring, is essential to optimize its benefits while minimizing risks. Further research is needed to better define its role in chronic pain treatment and address unresolved safety concerns.

Background: Biofield therapies can be administered in person (hands-on treatment) or remotely, and this study focuses on the latter. A literature review did not find any reports on the effectiveness of remote biofield energy /blessing therapy in enhancing cognition and motor function performance in adults.

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of distant/remote blessing (biofield energy) therapy on the cognitive and motor functions in adults with self-reported neuropsychological impairments using NIH Toolbox^®.

Methods: The present study was a randomized, double-blind clinical trial involving 117 participants with self-reported neuropsychological impairments. These participants were stratified into three distinct groups: control, sham control, and blessing/biofield treatment as the intervention. At baseline (day 0), day 90, and day 180, NIH Toolbox^® was employed to evaluate all participants' cognitive and motor function scores.

Results: In the blessing treatment group, language function score (p <0.01), working memory (p <0.0001), and episodic memory (p <0.0001) scores exhibited statistically significant differences compared to both the naïve control and sham control groups. Moreover, in the blessing intervention group, a substantial improvement was observed in locomotion (p <0.0001), standing balance (p <0.01), dexterity (p <0.01), grip strength (p <0.05), and muscle endurance (p <0.05) compared to the naïve control and sham control groups. Importantly, no adverse effects were reported during the study period.

Conclusion: The study outcomes revealed that distant/remote blessing/biofield energy therapy is safe, non-invasive, and less expensive. It enhances cognitive-motor functions in adults with perceived neuropsychological impairments.

Clinical trial registration: CTRI/2022/07/043736.

Background: Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Primary pharmacologic interventions include stimulants and non-stimulants. Diagnosing ADHD is typically more difficult in women due to a range of different symptoms between the sexes. Although ADHD has had more advocacy recently, misdiagnoses are still common, resulting in ADHD being mistaken for other disorders. This study aims to decipher the prevalence of undiagnosed ADHD.

Methods: A web-based survey was administered, comprising of a questionnaire derived from the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS-V1.1), and two additional questions formulated to determine whether the individual was initially diagnosed with ADHD and whether they take medications for it. The Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale is split into two parts where part A determines the symptoms and part B further probes into specific symptoms.

Results: Amongst the cohort of 200, the percentage undiagnosed ADHD was 14%. 61% were women, while 39% were men. The first two questions on the ASRS-V1.1, pertaining to task completion, were the most statistically significant results.

Conclusion: Although advocacy for ADHD has increased in the last twenty years, our study found that 14% of a layperson cohort are undiagnosed with ADHD. It appears that undiagnosed ADHD is more prevalent in women compared to men.

Objective: Are individuals who use hallucinogens self-medicating their mental illness and are they more likely to abuse other illegal substances?

Design setting participants: Data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), collected by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) database was queried for correlations with hallucinogen use. Using age group as a control variable, different variables were run through a crosstab in order to find significant data pointing to the implications of hallucinogen use.

Results: The data from the crosstab analysis showed three key findings about hallucinogen use: Those with mental illness or substance abuse issues were substantially more likely to use hallucinogens, the hallucinogen use greatly increased with the pandemic along with further mental health issues, and those who used hallucinogens were more significantly likely to abuse other illegal substances, primarily in a younger population.

Conclusion: The positive correlation between mental health issues and hallucinogen use emphasizes the need for better mental health services, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic.The positive correlation between hallucinogen use and other drug use indicates the widespread drug abuse problem, especially within a younger population in which drugs pose a larger neurological threat.

Background: Problematic TikTok Use (PTU) is a psychological condition marked by compulsive and excessive engagement with the app, often characterized by prolonged scrolling, content interaction, and seeking user feedback.

Methods: This qualitative study, conducted from February to March 2024, explored factors driving TikTok addiction, its consequences, and strategies for mitigation. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and surveys with 56 participants (23 men, 33 women).

Results: Thematic analysis identified key addiction-related factors, including excessive time spent on the app, emotional attachment, and cognitive rumination over viewed content. Women demonstrated a higher likelihood of developing PTU, particularly when using TikTok for over six hours daily and displaying significant emotional and cognitive ties to its content. Despite its addictive potential, participants acknowledged positive aspects of TikTok, such as its capacity to disseminate cultural, educational, and artistic content. However, negative effects, including procrastination, attention deficits, and exposure to harmful content, were also noted.

Conclusion: This study highlights the dual nature of TikTok's impact, emphasizing the need for balanced use and targeted interventions to reduce addiction while leveraging its positive features.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of healthcare employees' emotional competence (EC) on patient loyalty in public and private hospitals in Ho Chi Minh City, with a focus on the mediating roles of respect, trust, and rapport.

Method: A survey of 244 patients measured respect, trust, rapport, EC, and patient loyalty using a 5-point Likert scale. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was applied to assess the relationships between EC and patient loyalty, comparing results between public and private hospitals.

Results: EC significantly enhanced patient loyalty, with respect and rapport serving as key mediators. Private hospitals showed higher EC levels among staff, leading to greater patient loyalty, while public hospitals, impacted by staff fatigue and high patient loads, demonstrated lower EC and reduced loyalty. EC accounted for 58% of service quality variance and 65% of loyalty variance.

Conclusions: Emotional competence is essential for improving patient loyalty in healthcare settings. Training programs targeting EC, especially in public hospitals, could enhance patient satisfaction and long-term loyalty.

Objectives: Chronic disease is a condition that is susceptible to deterioration both physically, psychologically and socially, so protective measures are needed to control this vulnerability, namely by flourishing. This research is aimed at identifying biological, psychological and social factors that influence the proliferation of chronic health.

Methods and analysis: This research was carried out in five stages by identifying questions according to PCC and searching for qualitative, quantitative and mixed method studies published from 2010 to 2024 that measured the flourishing of various chronic health conditions. The search strategy used the word flourishing and several appropriate terms on Sciencedirect, IEEE Xplore, Emerald, Taylor & Francis, and Oxford Academics as well as Google Scholar as gray literature. 1,550 studies were found from 6 databases and the final selection results found 19 studies to be analyzed. Two reviewers performed data extraction based on the protocol and underwent quality assessment. Results reporting is categorized based on biological, psychological, social and demographic factors that can influence flourishing.

Results: There are biological, psychological and social factors that can influence the proliferation of chronic health, each of which influences the health condition of a person with a chronic health condition.

This paper provides a comprehensive overview of AI treatment research for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) from 2007 to 2023, focusing on global contributions across countries, institutions, authors, and keywords. The United States leads with 164 documents and 4988 citations, highlighting its central role in advancing AI technologies for ASD therapies, followed by significant contributions from China (90 documents, 1190 citations) and India (65 documents, 564 citations). Institutions like Stanford University and McGill University demonstrate substantial research output, while authors such as Dennis Wall are prominent with contributions that make diagnosing Autism much more efficient with the use of AI. Keywords like "Machine learning", "Autism spectrum disorder", and "Children" dominate, reflecting ongoing efforts to leverage technology for ASD interventions. Overall, this analysis underscores a dynamic global effort to enhance ASD treatment methodologies through collaborative research and technological innovations.

Acetaminophen is one of the most commonly used over-the-counter antipyretic and analgesic drugs on the market and has been relevant in the medical world for almost a hundred years. It has maintained an excellent reputation as a safe therapeutic in several types of patient profiles. However, the number of children diagnosed with neurodevelopmental disorders, namely ADHD, have been on the rise. Recent findings have indicated an association between in utero exposure to acetaminophen and an increased risk of developing neurodevelopmental disorders such as ADHD in offspring. The mechanism by which this potential side effect occurs is difficult to pinpoint. However, it is known that the metabolism of acetaminophen is known to cause oxidative stress, which has been shown to influence the developing fetus. This review highlights the epidemiological data indicating the correlation between prenatal acetaminophen exposure and ADHD and discusses several proposed theories by which this phenomenon may occur. While there is not yet enough clinical evidence to prove that acetaminophen may cause ADHD, there is a strong enough correlation to indicate a warning to pregnant patients of the potential risks. The risks and benefits of treatment should be considered so that the patient may continue with the course of action with the most favorable outcome. This review was mainly based on manuscripts pulled from Google Scholar and PubMed. The purpose of this literature review is to assist clinicians to better understand lesser-known risks in acetaminophen usage in pregnant patients.